algorithm - SIMD 优化难题

Question

我想使用 SIMD(SSE2 等)优化以下功能:

int64_t fun(int64_t N, int size, int* p)
{
    int64_t sum = 0;
    for(int i=1; i<size; i++)
       sum += (N/i)*p[i];
    return sum;
}

这似乎是一个非常可向量化的任务，除了所需的指令不存在......

我们可以假设 N 非常大(10^12 到 10^18)并且大小为~sqrt(N)。我们也可以假设p只能取-1、0、1的值；所以我们不需要真正的乘法，(N/i)*p[i] 可以用四个指令(pcmpgt、pxor、psub、pand)完成，如果我们能以某种方式计算 N/i。

Answer 1

这与我对该代码的矢量化非常接近。我真的不希望它会更快。我只是在尝试编写 SIMD 代码。

#include <stdint.h>

int64_t fun(int64_t N, int size, const int* p)
{
    int64_t sum = 0;
    int i;
    for(i=1; i<size; i++) {
        sum += (N/i)*p[i];
    }
    return sum;
}

typedef int64_t v2sl __attribute__ ((vector_size (2*sizeof(int64_t))));

int64_t fun_simd(int64_t N, int size, const int* p)
{
    int64_t sum = 0;
    int i;
    v2sl v_2 = { 2, 2 };
    v2sl v_N = { N, N };
    v2sl v_i = { 1, 2 };
    union { v2sl v; int64_t a[2]; } v_sum;

    v_sum.a[0] = 0;
    v_sum.a[1] = 0;
    for(i=1; i<size-1; i+=2) {
        v2sl v_p = { p[i], p[i+1] };
        v_sum.v += (v_N / v_i) * v_p;
        v_i += v_2;
    }
    sum = v_sum.a[0] + v_sum.a[1];
    for(; i<size; i++) {
        sum += (N/i)*p[i];
    }
    return sum;
}

typedef double v2df __attribute__ ((vector_size (2*sizeof(double))));

int64_t fun_simd_double(int64_t N, int size, const int* p)
{
    int64_t sum = 0;
    int i;
    v2df v_2 = { 2, 2 };
    v2df v_N = { N, N };
    v2df v_i = { 1, 2 };
    union { v2df v; double a[2]; } v_sum;

    v_sum.a[0] = 0;
    v_sum.a[1] = 0;
    for(i=1; i<size-1; i+=2) {
        v2df v_p = { p[i], p[i+1] };
        v_sum.v += (v_N / v_i) * v_p;
        v_i += v_2;
    }
    sum = v_sum.a[0] + v_sum.a[1];
    for(; i<size; i++) {
        sum += (N/i)*p[i];
    }
    return sum;
}

#include <stdio.h>

static const int test_array[] = {
 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0,
 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0,
 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0,
 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0,
 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0,
 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0,
 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0,
 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0,
 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0,
 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0,
 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0,
 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0,
 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0,
 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0,
 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0,
 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0,
 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0,
 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0,
 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0,
 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0,
 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0
};
#define test_array_len (sizeof(test_array)/sizeof(int))

#define big_N (1024 * 1024 * 1024)

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    int64_t res1;
    int64_t res2;
    int64_t res3;
    v2sl a = { 123, 456 };
    v2sl b = { 100, 200 };
    union { v2sl v; int64_t a[2]; } tmp;

    a = a + b;
    tmp.v = a;
    printf("a = { %ld, %ld }\n", tmp.a[0], tmp.a[1]);

    printf("test_array size = %zd\n", test_array_len);

    res1 = fun(big_N, test_array_len, test_array);
    printf("fun() = %ld\n", res1);

    res2 = fun_simd(big_N, test_array_len, test_array);
    printf("fun_simd() = %ld\n", res2);

    res3 = fun_simd_double(big_N, test_array_len, test_array);
    printf("fun_simd_double() = %ld\n", res3);

    return 0;
}