java - 如何测试@Cacheable？

Question

我正在努力在 Spring Boot 集成测试中测试 @Cacheable。这是我学习如何进行集成测试的第二天，我发现的所有示例都使用旧版本。我还看到了 assetEquals("some value", is()) 的示例，但没有任何导入语句可以知道"is"属于哪个依赖项。第二次测试失败

这是我的集成测试....

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest // used for other methods
@SpringBootTest(classes = TestApplication.class)
@SqlGroup({
        @Sql(executionPhase = ExecutionPhase.BEFORE_TEST_METHOD,
                scripts = "classpath:data/Setting.sql") })
public class SettingRepositoryIT {

    @Mock
    private SettingRepository settingRepository;

    @Autowired
    private Cache applicationCache;


    @Test
    public void testCachedMethodInvocation() {
        List<Setting> firstList = new ArrayList<>();
        Setting settingOne = new Setting();
        settingOne.setKey("first");
        settingOne.setValue("method invocation");
        firstList.add(settingOne);

        List<Setting> secondList = new ArrayList<>();
        Setting settingTwo = new Setting();
        settingTwo.setKey("second");
        settingTwo.setValue("method invocation");
        secondList.add(settingTwo);

        // Set up the mock to return *different* objects for the first and second call
        Mockito.when(settingRepository.findAllFeaturedFragrances()).thenReturn(firstList, secondList);

        // First invocation returns object returned by the method
        List<Setting> result = settingRepository.findAllFeaturedFragrances();
        assertEquals("first", result.get(0).getKey());

        // Second invocation should return cached value, *not* second (as set up above)
        List<Setting> resultTwo = settingRepository.findAllFeaturedFragrances();
        assertEquals("first", resultTwo.get(0).getKey()); // test fails here as the actual is "second."

        // Verify repository method was invoked once
        Mockito.verify(settingRepository, Mockito.times(1)).findAllFeaturedFragrances();
        assertNotNull(applicationCache.get("findAllFeaturedFragrances"));

        // Third invocation with different key is triggers the second invocation of the repo method
        List<Setting> resultThree = settingRepository.findAllFeaturedFragrances();
        assertEquals(resultThree.get(0).getKey(), "second");
    }
}

ApplicationContext、组件、实体、存储库和用于测试的服务层。我之所以这样做是因为这个maven模块作为依赖被其他模块使用了。

@ComponentScan({ "com.persistence_common.config", "com.persistence_common.services" })
@EntityScan(basePackages = { "com.persistence_common.entities" })
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = { "com.persistence_common.repositories" })
@SpringBootApplication
public class TestApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }
}

缓存配置....

@Configuration
@EnableCaching
public class CacheConfig {

    public static final String APPLICATION_CACHE = "applicationCache";

    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean registerOpenSessionInViewFilterBean() {
        FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
        OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter filter = new OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter();
        registrationBean.setFilter(filter);
        registrationBean.setOrder(5);
        return registrationBean;
    }


    @Bean
    public Cache applicationCache() {
        return new GuavaCache(APPLICATION_CACHE, CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
                .expireAfterWrite(30, TimeUnit.DAYS)
                .build());
    }
}

正在测试的存储库....

public interface SettingRepository extends JpaRepository<Setting, Integer> {

    @Query(nativeQuery = true, value = "SELECT * FROM Setting WHERE name = 'featured_fragrance'")
    @Cacheable(value = CacheConfig.APPLICATION_CACHE, key = "#root.methodName")
    List<Setting> findAllFeaturedFragrances();
}

Answer 1

SettingRepositoryIT 的第一个问题是，字段settingRepository 上的@Mock 注释。这对于任何正常测试、集成测试或任何其他测试都是自相矛盾的。

您应该让 Spring 为 class-under-test 引入依赖项，在您的例子中是 SettingRepository。

请看这个例子，@Autowired 是如何用于 class-under-test，在这个例子中是 OrderService:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
// ApplicationContext will be loaded from the
// static nested Config class
@ContextConfiguration
public class OrderServiceTest {

    @Configuration
    static class Config {

        // this bean will be injected into the OrderServiceTest class
        @Bean
        public OrderService orderService() {
            OrderService orderService = new OrderServiceImpl();
            // set properties, etc.
            return orderService;
        }
    }

    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;

    @Test
    public void testOrderService() {
        // test the orderService
    }

}

获取包含完整示例的文档:§ 15. Integration Testing

第二个问题是您不必测试@Cachable。您应该只测试您的实现。这是 Oliver Gierke 提供的关于如何测试它的一个很好的例子:How to test Spring's declarative caching support on Spring Data repositories?