c++ - 如何组合输出流，以便同时输出多个位置？

Question

我想将两个(或多个)流合二为一。我的目标是将指向 cout、cerr 和 clog 的任何输出连同原始流一起输出到文件中。 (例如，当事情被记录到控制台时。关闭后，我希望仍然能够返回并查看输出。)

我正在考虑做这样的事情:

class stream_compose : public streambuf, private boost::noncopyable
{
public:
    // take two streams, save them in stream_holder,
    // this set their buffers to `this`.
    stream_compose;

    // implement the streambuf interface, routing to both
    // ...

private:
    // saves the streambuf of an ios class,
    // upon destruction restores it, provides
    // accessor to saved stream
    class stream_holder;

    stream_holder mStreamA;
    stream_holder mStreamB;
};

这看起来很简单。 main 中的调用将类似于:

// anything that goes to cout goes to both cout and the file
stream_compose coutToFile(std::cout, theFile);
// and so on

我也查看了 boost::iostreams，但没有看到任何相关内容。

有没有其他更好/更简单的方法来完成这个？

Answer 1

如果你想纯粹在 stdlib 中做这件事，你的设计确实是正确的。

有一件事:不是在每个输出上都连接到每个流缓冲区，而是将其实现为使用与给定的流缓冲区之一相同的放置区域，并在溢出和同步时复制到其他流缓冲区。这将最大限度地减少虚拟调用，这是流缓冲区工作方式的目标之一。

或者，如果您只想处理 stdout 和 stderr(这很常见)，请通过标准 Unix tee 程序(或您平台上的等效程序)运行您的程序，方法是您自己在调用程序时，或在程序内通过 fork 、适当设置流等。

编辑:您让我开始思考，我应该知道如何做对了。这是我的 first approximation . (当这打破时，你可以保留两件。)

#ifndef INCLUDE_GUARD_A629F54A136C49C9938CB33EF8EDE676
#define INCLUDE_GUARD_A629F54A136C49C9938CB33EF8EDE676

#include <cassert>
#include <cstring>
#include <streambuf>
#include <map>
#include <vector>

template<class CharT, class Traits=std::char_traits<CharT> >
struct basic_streamtee : std::basic_streambuf<CharT, Traits> {
    typedef std::basic_ios<CharT, Traits> Stream;
    typedef std::basic_streambuf<CharT, Traits> StreamBuf;

    typedef typename StreamBuf::char_type char_type;
    typedef typename StreamBuf::traits_type traits_type;
    typedef typename StreamBuf::int_type int_type;
    typedef typename StreamBuf::pos_type pos_type;
    typedef typename StreamBuf::off_type off_type;

    basic_streamtee() : _key_buf(0) {}
    basic_streamtee(Stream& a, Stream& b) : _key_buf(0) {
        this->pubimbue(a.rdbuf()->getloc());
        _set_key_buf(a.rdbuf());
        insert(a);
        insert(b);
    }
    ~basic_streamtee() {
        sync();
        for (typename std::map<Stream*, StreamBuf*>::iterator i = _bufs.begin();
             i != _bufs.end();
             ++i)
        {
            StreamBuf* old = i->first->rdbuf(i->second);
            if (old != this) {
                old->pubsync();
            }
        }
    }

    // add this functionality?
    // streambufs would be unconnected with a stream
    // easy to do by changing _bufs to a multimap
    // and using null pointers for the keys
    //void insert(StreamBuf* buf);
    //void remove(StreamBuf* buf);

    void insert(Stream& s) {
        sync();
        if (!_bufs.count(&s)) {
            if (!_key_buf) {
                _set_key_buf(s.rdbuf());
            }
            _bufs[&s] = s.rdbuf(this);
        }
    }
    void remove(Stream& s) {
        sync();
        typename std::map<Stream*, StreamBuf*>::iterator i = _bufs.find(&s);
        if (i != _bufs.end()) {
            StreamBuf* old = i->second;
            i->first->rdbuf(i->second);
            _bufs.erase(i);

            if (old == _key_buf) {
                _set_key_buf(_bufs.empty() ? 0 : _bufs.begin()->second);
            }
        }
    }

private:
    basic_streamtee(basic_streamtee const&); // not defined
    basic_streamtee& operator=(basic_streamtee const&); // not defined

    StreamBuf* _key_buf;
    std::map<Stream*, StreamBuf*> _bufs;

    void _set_key_buf(StreamBuf* p) {
        //NOTE: does not sync, requires synced already
        _key_buf = p;
        _update_put_area();
    }
    void _update_put_area() {
        //NOTE: does not sync, requires synced already
        if (!_key_buf) {
            this->setp(0, 0);
        }
        else {
            this->setp((_key_buf->*&basic_streamtee::pbase)(),
                       (_key_buf->*&basic_streamtee::epptr)());
        }
    }


#define FOREACH_BUF(var) \
for (typename std::map<Stream*, StreamBuf*>::iterator var = _bufs.begin(); \
var != _bufs.end(); ++var)


    // 27.5.2.4.1 Locales
    virtual void imbue(std::locale const& loc) {
        FOREACH_BUF(iter) {
            iter->second->pubimbue(loc);
        }
    }


    // 27.5.2.4.2 Buffer management and positioning
    //virtual StreamBuf* setbuf(char_type* s, std::streamsize n); // not required
    //virtual pos_type seekoff(off_type off, std::ios_base::seekdir way,
    //                         std::ios_base::openmode which); // not required
    //virtual pos_type seekpos(pos_type sp, std::ios_base::openmode which); // not required
    virtual int sync() {
        if (!_key_buf) {
            return -1;
        }
        char_type* data = this->pbase();
        std::streamsize n = this->pptr() - data;
        (_key_buf->*&basic_streamtee::pbump)(n);
        FOREACH_BUF(iter) {
            StreamBuf* buf = iter->second;
            if (buf != _key_buf) {
                buf->sputn(data, n); //BUG: ignores put errors
                buf->pubsync(); //BUG: ignroes errors
            }
        }
        _key_buf->pubsync(); //BUG: ignores errors
        _update_put_area();
        return 0;
    }


    // 27.5.2.4.3 Get area
    // ignore input completely, teeing doesn't make sense
    //virtual std::streamsize showmanyc();
    //virtual std::streamsize xsgetn(char_type* s, std::streamsize n);
    //virtual int_type underflow();
    //virtual int_type uflow();


    // 27.5.2.4.4 Putback
    // ignore input completely, teeing doesn't make sense
    //virtual int_type pbackfail(int_type c);


    // 27.5.2.4.5 Put area
    virtual std::streamsize xsputn(char_type const* s, std::streamsize n) {
        assert(n >= 0);
        if (!_key_buf) {
            return 0;
        }

        // available room in put area? delay sync if so
        if (this->epptr() - this->pptr() < n) {
            sync();
        }
        // enough room now?
        if (this->epptr() - this->pptr() >= n) {
            std::memcpy(this->pptr(), s, n);
            this->pbump(n);
        }
        else {
            FOREACH_BUF(iter) {
                iter->second->sputn(s, n);
                //BUG: ignores put errors
            }
            _update_put_area();
        }
        return n;
    }
    virtual int_type overflow(int_type c) {
        bool const c_is_eof = traits_type::eq_int_type(c, traits_type::eof());
        int_type const success = c_is_eof ? traits_type::not_eof(c) : c;
        sync();
        if (!c_is_eof) {
            char_type cc = traits_type::to_char_type(c);
            xsputn(&cc, 1);
            //BUG: ignores put errors
        }
        return success;
    }

#undef FOREACH_BUF
};

typedef basic_streamtee<char> streamtee;
typedef basic_streamtee<wchar_t> wstreamtee;

#endif

现在，这个测试还远未完成，但它似乎有效:

#include "streamtee.hpp"

#include <cassert>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>

int main() {
    using namespace std;
    {
        ostringstream a, b;
        streamtee tee(a, b);
        a << 42;
        assert(a.str() == "42");
        assert(b.str() == "42");
    }
    {
        ostringstream a, b;
        streamtee tee(cout, a);
        tee.insert(b);
        a << 42 << '\n';
        assert(a.str() == "42\n");
        assert(b.str() == "42\n");
    }
    return 0;
}

将其与文件放在一起:

#include "streamtee.hpp"

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

struct FileTee {
  FileTee(std::ostream& stream, char const* filename)
  : file(filename), buf(file, stream)
  {}

  std::ofstream file;
  streamtee buf;
};

int main() {
  using namespace std;

  FileTee out(cout, "stdout.txt");
  FileTee err(clog, "stderr.txt");
  streambuf* old_cerr = cerr.rdbuf(&err.buf);

  cout << "stdout\n";
  clog << "stderr\n";

  cerr.rdbuf(old_cerr);
  // watch exception safety

  return 0;
}