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c++ - 使用精神以替代方式解析结构时混淆输出

转载 作者:塔克拉玛干 更新时间:2023-11-03 02:08:52 26 4
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这是我尝试以尽可能最好的方式做的事情的一个大大减少的案例。 (当然,问题还在于,我试图了解如何最好地使用精神。)

我需要将数据解析为具有多个成员的结构。成员被简单地列为键值对,因此这很简单——但是,如果某些键不同,那么在我正在解析的数据中,不同的值可能会稍后出现,或者某些键可能会被省略。尽管如此,我最终解析的数据结构是有固定形式的。

在示例代码中,my_structstruct像这样:

struct my_struct {
std::string a;
std::string b;
std::string c;
std::string d;
};

grammar1是一个像这样解析字符串的语法

"a: x b: y c: z d: w"

进入这样的结构

my_struct{ "x", "y", "z", "w" }

我还想像这样解析字符串:

"a: x b: y d-no-c: w"

进入这样的结构

my_struct{ "x", "y", "", "w" }

理想情况下,我希望以尽可能简单的方式完成此操作,而不会在此过程中制作不必要的字符串拷贝。

我的第一个想法是,应该重写主要规则,以便它解析“a”和“b”,然后根据“c”是否存在在两个备选方案之间进行选择。这作为一个语法很容易解决,但是当我们试图为它的属性语法部分获取正确的数据类型时,我似乎无法让它工作。我尝试使用 std::pair<std::string, std::string>还有fusion::vector对于替代类型,但这显然不能使用 qi 流式传输到我的结构中运算符(operator) << . (grammar2 测试被注释掉,因为它无法编译。)

我的下一个想法是,我们可以简单地有两种主要规则的替代形式,它们的属性类型为 my_struct以确保属性解析有效。令人惊讶的是,这个实现实际上被破坏了——似乎当语法回溯时,它复制了 a。和 b结果结构中的字段。我没想到会这样,我也不知道为什么会这样,你知道吗? (这是 grammar3 )。

grammar3有一个问题,即使它像我认为的那样工作(测试通过),当替代部分回溯时,它也必须重新解析 ab这是一些低效率。如果我们愿意将目标结构从 my_struct 更改为到不同的结构,那么我们可以使用 grammar4 ,与grammar2具有相同的计划, 但目标是其中一个元素是 std::pair 的结构.然后我们将所有字符串从这个临时结构中移出,变成我们真正想要的格式。

那么,问题是:

  • grammar4有效,但是有没有办法按照 grammar2 的方式做一些事情?哪个可能更有效?
  • 为什么 grammar3考试不及格?

完整 list :

#define SPIRIT_USE_PHOENIX_V3
#include <boost/spirit/include/qi.hpp>
#include <boost/spirit/include/phoenix_core.hpp>
#include <boost/spirit/include/phoenix_fusion.hpp>
#include <boost/fusion/include/adapt_struct.hpp>
#include <boost/fusion/adapted/struct/define_struct.hpp>
#include <boost/fusion/include/define_struct.hpp>
#include <boost/fusion/include/std_pair.hpp>

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <utility>

namespace qi = boost::spirit::qi;

BOOST_FUSION_DEFINE_STRUCT(
/**/
,
my_struct,
(std::string, a)
(std::string, b)
(std::string, c)
(std::string, d))

template<typename Iterator>
class grammar1 : public qi::grammar<Iterator, my_struct()> {
public:
qi::rule<Iterator, std::string()> id;
qi::rule<Iterator, my_struct()> main;

grammar1() : grammar1::base_type(main) {
using qi::lit;
using qi::char_;
using qi::omit;
using qi::space;
id = omit[ *space ] >> *char_("A-Za-z_") >> omit [ *space ];
main = lit("a:") >> id >> lit("b:") >> id >> lit("c:") >> id >> lit("d:") >> id;
}
};


//typedef std::pair<std::string, std::string> second_part_type;
typedef boost::fusion::vector<std::string, std::string> second_part_type;

template<typename Iterator>
class grammar2 : public qi::grammar<Iterator, my_struct()> {
public:
qi::rule<Iterator, std::string()> id;
qi::rule<Iterator, second_part_type()> with_c;
qi::rule<Iterator, second_part_type()> without_c;
qi::rule<Iterator, my_struct()> main;

grammar2() : grammar2::base_type(main) {
using qi::lit;
using qi::char_;
using qi::omit;
using qi::space;
using qi::attr;
id = omit[ *space ] >> *char_("A-Za-z_") >> omit [ *space ];
with_c = lit("c:") >> id >> lit("d:") >> id;
without_c = attr("") >> lit("d-no-c:") >> id;
main = lit("a:") >> id >> lit("b:") >> id >> (with_c | without_c);
}
};


template<typename Iterator>
class grammar3 : public qi::grammar<Iterator, my_struct()> {
public:
qi::rule<Iterator, std::string()> id;
qi::rule<Iterator, my_struct()> with_c;
qi::rule<Iterator, my_struct()> without_c;
qi::rule<Iterator, my_struct()> main;

grammar3() : grammar3::base_type(main) {
using qi::lit;
using qi::char_;
using qi::omit;
using qi::space;
using qi::attr;
id = omit[ *space ] >> *char_("A-Za-z_") >> omit [ *space ];
with_c = lit("a:") >> id >> lit("b:") >> id >> lit("c:") >> id >> lit("d:") >> id;
without_c = lit("a:") >> id >> lit("b:") >> id >> attr("") >> lit("d-no-c:") >> id;
main = with_c | without_c;
}
};

/***
* Alternate approach
*/
typedef std::pair<std::string, std::string> spair;

BOOST_FUSION_DEFINE_STRUCT(
/**/
,
my_struct2,
(std::string, a)
(std::string, b)
(spair, cd))

template<typename Iterator>
class grammar4 : public qi::grammar<Iterator, my_struct2()> {
public:
qi::rule<Iterator, std::string()> id;
qi::rule<Iterator, spair()> with_c;
qi::rule<Iterator, spair()> without_c;
qi::rule<Iterator, my_struct2()> main;

grammar4() : grammar4::base_type(main) {
using qi::lit;
using qi::char_;
using qi::omit;
using qi::space;
using qi::attr;
id = omit[ *space ] >> *char_("A-Za-z_") >> omit [ *space ];
with_c = lit("c:") >> id >> lit("d:") >> id;
without_c = attr("") >> lit("d-no-c:") >> id;
main = lit("a:") >> id >> lit("b:") >> id >> (with_c | without_c);
}
};

my_struct convert_struct(my_struct2 && s) {
return { std::move(s.a), std::move(s.b), std::move(s.cd.first), std::move(s.cd.second) };
}

/***
* Testing
*/
void check_strings_eq(const std::string & a, const std::string & b, const char * label, int line = 0) {
if (a != b) {
std::cerr << "Mismatch '" << label << "' ";
if (line) { std::cerr << "at line " << line << " "; }
std::cerr << "\"" << a << "\" != \"" << b << "\"\n";
}
}

void check_eq(const my_struct & s, const my_struct & t, int line = 0) {
check_strings_eq(s.a, t.a, "a", line);
check_strings_eq(s.b, t.b, "b", line);
check_strings_eq(s.c, t.c, "c", line);
check_strings_eq(s.d, t.d, "d", line);
}

template<template<typename> class Grammar>
void test_grammar(const std::string & input, const my_struct & expected, int line = 0) {
auto it = input.begin();
auto end = input.end();
Grammar<decltype(it)> grammar;
my_struct result;
if (!qi::parse(it, end, grammar, result)) {
std::cerr << "Failed to parse! ";
if (line) { std::cerr << "line = " << line; }
std::cerr << "\n";
std::cerr << "Stopped at:\n" << input << "\n";
for (auto temp = input.begin(); temp != it; ++temp) { std::cerr << " "; }
std::cerr << "^\n";
} else {
check_eq(result, expected, line);
}
}

int main() {
test_grammar<grammar1> ( "a: x b: y c: z d: w", my_struct{ "x", "y", "z", "w" }, __LINE__);
test_grammar<grammar1> ( "a: asdf b: jkl c: foo d: bar", my_struct{ "asdf", "jkl", "foo", "bar" }, __LINE__ );
//test_grammar<grammar2> ( "a: asdf b: jkl c: foo d: bar", my_struct{ "asdf", "jkl", "foo", "bar" }, __LINE__ );
//test_grammar<grammar2> ( "a: asdf b: jkl d-no-c: bar", my_struct{ "asdf", "jkl", "", "bar" }, __LINE__ );
test_grammar<grammar3> ( "a: asdf b: jkl c: foo d: bar", my_struct{ "asdf", "jkl", "foo", "bar" }, __LINE__);
test_grammar<grammar3> ( "a: asdf b: jkl d-no-c: bar", my_struct{ "asdf", "jkl", "", "bar" }, __LINE__ );

// Test 4th grammar
{
std::string input = "a: asdf b: jkl c: foo d: bar";
auto it = input.begin();
auto end = input.end();
grammar4<decltype(it)> grammar;
my_struct2 result;
if (!qi::parse(it, end, grammar, result)) {
std::cerr << "Failed to parse! Line = " << __LINE__ << std::endl;
} else {
check_eq(convert_struct(std::move(result)), my_struct{ "asdf", "jkl", "foo", "bar" }, __LINE__);
}
}
{
std::string input = "a: asdf b: jkl d-no-c: bar";
auto it = input.begin();
auto end = input.end();
grammar4<decltype(it)> grammar;
my_struct2 result;
if (!qi::parse(it, end, grammar, result)) {
std::cerr << "Failed to parse! Line = " << __LINE__ << std::endl;
} else {
check_eq(convert_struct(std::move(result)), my_struct{ "asdf", "jkl", "", "bar" }, __LINE__);
}
}
}

最佳答案

我的建议是确实使用置换解析器。

虽然它更加灵活,因此您可能希望在语义操作中添加验证约束:

Live On Coliru

//#define BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG
#include <boost/spirit/include/qi.hpp>
#include <boost/spirit/include/phoenix.hpp>
#include <boost/fusion/include/adapt_struct.hpp>
#include <boost/tuple/tuple_comparison.hpp>

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

namespace qi = boost::spirit::qi;

struct my_struct {
std::string a,b,c,d;
};

BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT(my_struct, a, b, c, d)

template<typename Iterator>
class grammar : public qi::grammar<Iterator, my_struct()> {
public:
grammar() : grammar::base_type(start) {
using namespace qi;

id = +char_("A-Za-z_");
part = lexeme[lit(_r1) >> ':'] >> id;

main = part(+"a")
^ part(+"b")
^ part(+"c")
^ (part(+"d") | part(+"d-no-c"));
;

start = skip(space) [ main ];

BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODES((main)(part))
}
private:
qi::rule<Iterator, std::string()> id;
qi::rule<Iterator, std::string(const char*), qi::space_type> part;
qi::rule<Iterator, my_struct(), qi::space_type> main;
//
qi::rule<Iterator, my_struct()> start;
};

/***
* Testing
*/
void check_strings_eq(const std::string & a, const std::string & b, const char * label) {
if (a != b) {
std::cerr << "Mismatch '" << label << "' \"" << a << "\" != \"" << b << "\"\n";
}
}

void check_eq(const my_struct & s, const my_struct & t) {
check_strings_eq(s.a, t.a, "a");
check_strings_eq(s.b, t.b, "b");
check_strings_eq(s.c, t.c, "c");
check_strings_eq(s.d, t.d, "d");
if (boost::tie(s.a,s.b,s.c,s.d) == boost::tie(t.a,t.b,t.c,t.d))
std::cerr << "struct data matches\n";
}

template<template<typename> class Grammar>
void test_grammar(const std::string &input, const my_struct &expected) {
auto it = input.begin();
auto end = input.end();

Grammar<decltype(it)> grammar;
my_struct result;

if (!qi::parse(it, end, grammar, result)) {
std::cerr << "Failed to parse!\n";
std::cerr << "Stopped at:\n" << input << "\n";

for (auto temp = input.begin(); temp != it; ++temp) {
std::cerr << " ";
}

std::cerr << "^\n";
} else {
check_eq(result, expected);
}
}

int main() {
for (auto&& p : std::vector<std::pair<std::string, my_struct> > {
{"a: x b: y c: z d: w", my_struct{ "x", "y", "z", "w" }},
{"a: x c: z d: w", my_struct{ "x", "" , "z", "w" }},
{"a: x c: z" , my_struct{ "x", "" , "z", "" }},
{" b: y c: z d: w", my_struct{ "" , "y", "z", "w" }},
{"b: y c: z a: x d: w", my_struct{ "x", "y", "z", "w" }},
// if you really need:
{"a: x b: y d-no-c: w", my_struct{ "x", "y", "" , "w" }},
})
{
auto const& input = p.first;
auto const& expected = p.second;
std::cout << "----\nParsing '" << input << "'\n";
test_grammar<grammar> (input, expected);
}
}

打印

----
Parsing 'a: x b: y c: z d: w'
struct data matches
----
Parsing 'a: x c: z d: w'
struct data matches
----
Parsing 'a: x c: z'
struct data matches
----
Parsing ' b: y c: z d: w'
struct data matches
----
Parsing 'b: y c: z a: x d: w'
struct data matches
----
Parsing 'a: x b: y d-no-c: w'
struct data matches

关于c++ - 使用精神以替代方式解析结构时混淆输出,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33337623/

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