python - 如何将 Unix shell 参数的输出分配给 Python 中的变量

Question

我想通过 subprocess.call() 函数执行一个 unix/linux 实用程序，并将命令的输出存储在一个变量中，以便在程序的其他部分操作和分析命令的输出。正在考虑做的是将输出重定向到文本文件，然后打开文本文件并遍历文件的每一行并将数据输入(存储)到列表中。例如:

#! /usr/bin/python

from subprocess import call

# This listHome.py program has been designed and created as a
# demonstration
# author:oOpSgEoW

class LstHome:

    def lsthome(self):
        # create the argument that will be passed to the call function
        lsthme = 'ls $HOME > HomeList.txt'
        # call the function
        call(lsthme, shell=True)

    def add_both(self):

        # create a list and a file object for the file
        lstOne = []
        fila = open('HomeList.txt', 'r')

        # iterate over each line of the file and store the 
        # data into the each index of the list 
        for line in fila:
            a = line.strip("\n")
            lstOne.append(a)

        # close the file
        fila.close()

        # return the list 
        return lstOne

class HomePrint():

    # intialize the class, pass the list as lstAlpha
    def __init__(self, lstAlpha=None):
        # to keep the bounds of the list, which will initialize
        # the list an empty list before the content of the list
        # being passed as an argument
        if lstAlpha is None:
            lstTwo = []
        self.lstTwo = lstAlpha
    def print_lst(self):
        for line1 in self.lstTwo:
            print(line1)

def main():

    # create an object out of the first class
    x = LstHome()

    # call the lsthome() function in 
    # order to execute the command givenper
    x.lsthome()

    # assign and create an object out of the HomePrint class
    # pass the output of the add_both() function from 
    # the LstHome() class
    y = HomePrint(x.add_both())
    y.print_lst()

    # an exit statement to the user
    print 'The $HOME directory of the user has been printed\ndone.'

main()

有没有一种方法可以在我的第一个类的函数中分配 call(lsthme, shell=True)，而不是将输出重定向到 HomeList.txt 文件？所以基本上我问的是我可以/可以编码:

lsthme = 'ls $HOME'
holdVar = call(lsthme, shell=True)
print(holdVar)

以上是合法的论据吗？如果不是，什么会产生与我正在尝试做的事情类似的结果？

谢谢

---

已编辑:为需要 Python 主题的其他人更正示例

#! /usr/bin/python

from subprocess import PIPE, Popen, call

# This listHome.py program has been designed and created to
# demonstrate a multi-class program that has a class receive
# an array/list as a parameter, and demonstrates interacting with a 
# Unix shell with a multi-class program
# author:oOpSgEoW

class LstHome:

    def lsthome(self):
        # create the argument that will be passed to the call function
        # Use the Popen function of subprocess
        lsthme = Popen("ls $HOME", shell=True, stdout=PIPE)

        # assign the function to lstOne 
        lstOne = lsthme.stdout.read().split('\n')
        # now that the data has been stored, the Pipe must be closed
        # NOTE: Generally speaking, what goes up must come down. What lives, must die. What opens must eventually close.
        lsthme.stdout.close()

        # return the lstOne object.
        return lstOne

class HomePrint():

    # intialize the class, pass the list as lstAlpha
    def __init__(self, lstAlpha=None):
        # to keep the bounds of the list, which will initialize
        # the list an empty list before the content of the list
        # being passed as an argument
        if lstAlpha is None:
            lstTwo = []
        self.lstTwo = lstAlpha

    def print_lst(self):
        for line1 in self.lstTwo:
        # NEVER PASS A NEWLINE RETURN TO THE CALL FUNCTION,
        # AT THE END OF AN ARGUMENT, just in case you wanted to
        # to take the output, or some of the output, and use as a 
        # command line input. For example:
        # if ".py" in line1:
        # line2 = line1.strip('\n')
        # mover = 'mv '
        # newmov = ' $HOME/Documents/Examples_In_Py/'
        # doTheMov = mover + line2 + newmov 
        # call(doTheMov, shell=True)
        print(line1)

def main():

    # create objects by performing class and functional abstraction
    x = LstHome()
    x.lsthome()
    # pass the list as an argument
    y = HomePrint(x.lsthome())
    y.print_lst()

    print 'The $HOME directory of the user has been printed\ndone.'

main()

Answer 1

您可以将调用方法替换为 Popen !

你的代码最后看起来像这样:

from subprocess import PIPE, Popen

res = Popen("ls $HOME",shell=True,  stdout=PIPE)
home_list = res.stdout.read().split('\n')

你会得到一个主文件夹列表