c - 为什么这个输出来自 perror？

Question

我以前从未见过:

上面的左下角是什么？该程序的最新版本是

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> 
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
   int ch;
   char file_name[25] = "/proc/scsi/scsi";
   FILE *fp; 
   fp = fopen(file_name,"r"); // read mode 
   if (fp == NULL)
   {
      perror(file_name);
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   } 
   printf("The contents of %s file are :\n", file_name); 
   while ((ch = fgetc(fp)) != EOF)
      putchar(ch); 
   fclose(fp);
   return 0;
}

测试

$ cc driveinfo.c;./a.out 
The contents of /proc/scsi/scsi file are :
Attached devices:
Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00
  Vendor: ATA      Model: WDC WD2500JS-75N Rev: 10.0
  Type:   Direct-Access                    ANSI  SCSI revision: 05
Host: scsi1 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00
  Vendor: ATA      Model: ST3250824AS      Rev: 3.AD
  Type:   Direct-Access                    ANSI  SCSI revision: 05
Host: scsi2 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00
  Vendor: TSSTcorp Model: DVD+-RW TS-H653A Rev: D300
  Type:   CD-ROM                           ANSI  SCSI revision: 05
Host: scsi3 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00
  Vendor: Optiarc  Model: DVD-ROM DDU1681S Rev: 102A
  Type:   CD-ROM                           ANSI  SCSI revision: 05
Host: scsi4 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00
  Vendor: Lexar    Model: USB Flash Drive  Rev: 1100
  Type:   Direct-Access                    ANSI  SCSI revision: 00
Host: scsi5 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00
  Vendor: WD       Model: 5000AAKB Externa Rev: l108
  Type:   Direct-Access                    ANSI  SCSI revision: 00

以下重现了奇怪的输出:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> 
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
   int ch;
   char file_name[25] = "/proc/scsi/scsi-notExist";
   FILE *fp; 
   fp = fopen(file_name,"r"); // read mode 
   if (fp == NULL)
   {
      perror(&file_name[25]);
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   } 
   printf("The contents of %s file are :\n", file_name); 
   while ((ch = fgetc(fp)) != EOF)
      putchar(ch); 
   fclose(fp);
   return 0;
}

更新

clang 编译器会发出警告但不会发出 (g)cc:

$ clang -Wconversion cpu-disk-info.c
cpu-disk-info.c:14:15: warning: array index of '25' indexes past the end of an
      array (that contains 16 elements) [-Warray-bounds]
      perror(&file_name[25]);
              ^         ~~
cpu-disk-info.c:6:4: note: array 'file_name' declared here
   char file_name[] = "/proc/scsi/scsi";
   ^
1 warning generated.
dev@dev-OptiPlex-745:~$ gcc -Wconversion cpu-disk-info.c
dev@dev-OptiPlex-745:~$ 

Answer 1

这很可能是因为没有将有效的 const char* 传递给 void perror(const char *s) , 这使得文件名在 <filename>: No such file or directory 中输出为垃圾/不可打印字符。

The perror() function shall map the error number accessed through the symbol errno to a language-dependent error message, which shall be written to the standard error stream as follows:

First (if s is not a null pointer and the character pointed to by s is not the null byte), the string pointed to by s followed by a colon and a .

Then an error message string followed by a .