c++ - Xiaolin Wu 圆算法渲染圆里面有洞

Question

我从这里实现了 Xiaolin Wu 圆算法:https://create.stephan-brumme.com/antialiased-circle/在 C++ 中:

float radiusX = endRadius;
float radiusY = endRadius;
float radiusX2 = radiusX * radiusX;
float radiusY2 = radiusY * radiusY;

float maxTransparency = 127;

float quarter = roundf(radiusX2 / sqrtf(radiusX2 + radiusY2));
for(float _x = 0; _x <= quarter; _x++) {
    float _y = radiusY * sqrtf(1 - _x * _x / radiusX2);
    float error = _y - floorf(_y);

    float transparency = roundf(error * maxTransparency);
    int alpha = transparency;
    int alpha2 = maxTransparency - transparency;

    setPixel4(x, y, _x, floorf(_y), r, g, b, alpha, data, areasData, false);
    setPixel4(x, y, _x, floorf(_y) - 1, r, g, b, alpha2, data, areasData, false);
}

quarter = roundf(radiusY2 / sqrtf(radiusX2 + radiusY2));
for(float _y = 0; _y <= quarter; _y++) {
    float _x = radiusX * sqrtf(1 - _y * _y / radiusY2);
    float error = _x - floorf(_x);

    float transparency = roundf(error * maxTransparency);
    int alpha = transparency;
    int alpha2 = maxTransparency - transparency;

    setPixel4(x, y, floorf(_x), _y, r, g, b, alpha, data, areasData, false);
    setPixel4(x, y, floorf(_x) - 1, _y, r, g, b, alpha2, data, areasData, false);
}

x,y 为圆心坐标。

在我看来它看起来不错:

但是，我需要填充圆圈。也许我错了，但我开发了一个简单的算法:从 1 迭代到半径并画一个圆。它看起来像这样:

奇怪。所以，为了解决这个问题，我还将透明度设置为最大，直到我到达最后一个半径(所以它是一个外圆):

如您所见，外层和其他层之间有奇怪的孔。我试过制作两个外层和类似的东西，但没有得到正确的结果。

这是代码的最终版本:

for(int cradius = startRadius; cradius <= endRadius; cradius++) {
    bool last = cradius == endRadius;

    float radiusX = cradius;
    float radiusY = cradius;
    float radiusX2 = radiusX * radiusX;
    float radiusY2 = radiusY * radiusY;

    float maxTransparency = 127;

    float quarter = roundf(radiusX2 / sqrtf(radiusX2 + radiusY2));
    for(float _x = 0; _x <= quarter; _x++) {
        float _y = radiusY * sqrtf(1 - _x * _x / radiusX2);
        float error = _y - floorf(_y);

        float transparency = roundf(error * maxTransparency);
        int alpha = transparency;
        int alpha2 = maxTransparency - transparency;

        if(!last) {
            alpha = maxTransparency;
            alpha2 = maxTransparency;
        }

        setPixel4(x, y, _x, floorf(_y), r, g, b, alpha, data, areasData, false);
        setPixel4(x, y, _x, floorf(_y) - 1, r, g, b, alpha2, data, areasData, false);
    }

    quarter = roundf(radiusY2 / sqrtf(radiusX2 + radiusY2));
    for(float _y = 0; _y <= quarter; _y++) {
        float _x = radiusX * sqrtf(1 - _y * _y / radiusY2);
        float error = _x - floorf(_x);

        float transparency = roundf(error * maxTransparency);
        int alpha = transparency;
        int alpha2 = maxTransparency - transparency;

        if(!last) {
            alpha = maxTransparency;
            alpha2 = maxTransparency;
        }

        setPixel4(x, y, floorf(_x), _y, r, g, b, alpha, data, areasData, false);
        setPixel4(x, y, floorf(_x) - 1, _y, r, g, b, alpha2, data, areasData, false);
    }
}

我该如何解决这个问题？

编辑:

因为我不能使用 flood-fill 来填充圆圈(我绘制的区域可能不是单色背景，我需要混合这些颜色)我实现了简单的方法来连接点和线:

我在 setPixel4 方法中添加了 2 个 drawLine 调用:

void setPixel4(int x, int y, int deltaX, int deltaY, int r, int g, int b, int a, unsigned char* data, unsigned char* areasData, bool blendColor) {
    drawLine(x - deltaX, y - deltaY, x + deltaX, y + deltaY, r, g, b, 127, data, areasData); //maxTransparency
    drawLine(x + deltaX, y - deltaY, x - deltaX, y + deltaY, r, g, b, 127, data, areasData); //maxTransparency

    setPixelWithCheckingArea(x + deltaX, y + deltaY, r, g, b, a, data, areasData, blendColor);
    setPixelWithCheckingArea(x - deltaX, y + deltaY, r, g, b, a, data, areasData, blendColor);
    setPixelWithCheckingArea(x + deltaX, y - deltaY, r, g, b, a, data, areasData, blendColor);
    setPixelWithCheckingArea(x - deltaX, y - deltaY, r, g, b, a, data, areasData, blendColor);
}

它看起来和第三张图一模一样。我认为里面的这些白色像素是由外圈(来自 xiaolin wu 算法)本身引起的。

编辑 2:

感谢@JaMiT，我改进了我的代码并且它适用于一个圆圈，但是当我有更多的相互重叠时失败了。一、新代码:

void drawFilledCircle(int x, int y, int startRadius, int endRadius, int r, int g, int b, int a, unsigned char* data, unsigned char* areasData, int startAngle, int endAngle, bool blendColor) {
    assert(startAngle <= endAngle);
    assert(startRadius <= endRadius);

    dfBufferCounter = 0;

    for(int i = 0; i < DRAW_FILLED_CIRCLE_BUFFER_SIZE; i++) {
        drawFilledCircleBuffer[i] = -1;
    }

    for(int cradius = endRadius; cradius >= startRadius; cradius--) {
        bool last = cradius == endRadius;
        bool first = cradius == startRadius && cradius != 0;

        float radiusX = cradius;
        float radiusY = cradius;
        float radiusX2 = radiusX * radiusX;
        float radiusY2 = radiusY * radiusY;

        float maxTransparency = 127;

        float quarter = roundf(radiusX2 / sqrtf(radiusX2 + radiusY2));
        for(float _x = 0; _x <= quarter; _x++) {
            float _y = radiusY * sqrtf(1 - _x * _x / radiusX2);
            float error = _y - floorf(_y);

            float transparency = roundf(error * maxTransparency);
            int alpha = last ? transparency : maxTransparency;
            int alpha2 = first ? maxTransparency - transparency : maxTransparency;

            setPixel4(x, y, _x, floorf(_y), r, g, b, alpha, cradius, endRadius, data, areasData, blendColor);
            setPixel4(x, y, _x, floorf(_y) - 1, r, g, b, alpha2, cradius, endRadius, data, areasData, blendColor);
        }

        quarter = roundf(radiusY2 / sqrtf(radiusX2 + radiusY2));
        for(float _y = 0; _y <= quarter; _y++) {
            float _x = radiusX * sqrtf(1 - _y * _y / radiusY2);
            float error = _x - floorf(_x);

            float transparency = roundf(error * maxTransparency);
            int alpha = last ? transparency : maxTransparency;
            int alpha2 = first ? maxTransparency - transparency : maxTransparency;

            setPixel4(x, y, floorf(_x), _y, r, g, b, alpha, cradius, endRadius, data, areasData, blendColor);
            setPixel4(x, y, floorf(_x) - 1, _y, r, g, b, alpha2, cradius, endRadius, data, areasData, blendColor);
        }
    }
}

在 setPixel4 中没有调用 drawLine 它看起来像这样:

我改进了 setPixel4 方法以避免再次重绘相同的像素:

void setPixel4(int x, int y, int deltaX, int deltaY, int r, int g, int b, int a, int radius, int maxRadius, unsigned char* data, unsigned char* areasData, bool blendColor) {

    for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {

        int px, py;
        if(j == 0) {
            px = x + deltaX;
            py = y + deltaY;
        } else if(j == 1) {
            px = x - deltaX;
            py = y + deltaY;
        } else if(j == 2) {
            px = x + deltaX;
            py = y - deltaY;
        } else if(j == 3) {
            px = x - deltaX;
            py = y - deltaY;
        }

        int index = (px + (img->getHeight() - py - 1) * img->getWidth()) * 4;

        bool alreadyInBuffer = false;
        for(int i = 0; i < dfBufferCounter; i++) {
            if(i >= DRAW_FILLED_CIRCLE_BUFFER_SIZE) break;
            if(drawFilledCircleBuffer[i] == index) {
                alreadyInBuffer = true;
                break;
            }
        }

        if(!alreadyInBuffer) {
            if(dfBufferCounter < DRAW_FILLED_CIRCLE_BUFFER_SIZE) {
                drawFilledCircleBuffer[dfBufferCounter++] = index;
            }

            setPixelWithCheckingArea(px, py, r, g, b, a, data, areasData, blendColor);
        }
    }

}

然后，最后:

这几乎是完美的。但是，我花了很多时间来摆脱这个白色轮廓，但我做不到。

Answer 1

因为您将圆圈离散化，所以一些像素必然会丢失。您获得的图片显示了众所周知的莫尔效应。

最好的解决方案是使用任何洪水填充算法或综合在同一水平线(如果您愿意，也可以是垂直线)上的圆点之间画线的简单算法。