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python - 在Python中使用<128KB的字符串时发生内存泄漏?

转载 作者:塔克拉玛干 更新时间:2023-11-03 01:26:34 26 4
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原始标题:python中内存泄漏打开文件<128kb?
原题
在运行python脚本时,我看到了我认为是内存泄漏。这是我的剧本:

import sys
import time


class MyObj(object):
def __init__(self, filename):
with open(filename) as f:
self.att = f.read()


def myfunc(filename):
mylist = [MyObj(filename) for x in xrange(100)]
len(mylist)
return []


def main():
filename = sys.argv[1]
myfunc(filename)
time.sleep(3600)


if __name__ == '__main__':
main()

主函数调用 myfunc()创建一个100个对象的列表,每个对象打开
读一个文件。从 myfunc()返回后,我希望100项列表和
从读取要释放的文件,因为它们不再被引用。但是,当我
使用 ps命令检查内存使用情况,python进程使用大约10000 kb
比从脚本运行的python进程(第12行和第13行被注释掉)更多的内存。
奇怪的是,内存泄漏(如果是这样的话)似乎只会发生
对于大小小于128KB的文件。我创建了一个bash脚本来运行这个脚本
大小从1KB到200KB,当文件大小达到128KB时,内存增加停止。
下面是bash脚本:
#!/bin/bash

echo "PID RSS S TTY TIME COMMAND" > output.txt

for i in `seq 1 200`;
do
python debug_memory.py "data/stuff_${i}K.txt" &
pid=$!
sleep 0.1
ps -e -O rss | grep $pid | grep -v grep >> output.txt
kill $pid
done

下面是bash脚本的输出:
PID RSS S TTY TIME COMMAND
28471 5552 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_1K.txt
28477 5656 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_2K.txt
28483 5756 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_3K.txt
28488 5852 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_4K.txt
28494 5952 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_5K.txt
28499 6052 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_6K.txt
28505 6156 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_7K.txt
28511 6256 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_8K.txt
28516 6356 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_9K.txt
28522 6452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_10K.txt
28527 6552 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_11K.txt
28533 6656 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_12K.txt
28539 6756 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_13K.txt
28544 6852 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_14K.txt
28550 6952 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_15K.txt
28555 7056 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_16K.txt
28561 7156 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_17K.txt
28567 7252 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_18K.txt
28572 7356 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_19K.txt
28578 7452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_20K.txt
28584 7556 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_21K.txt
28589 7652 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_22K.txt
28595 7756 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_23K.txt
28600 7852 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_24K.txt
28606 7952 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_25K.txt
28612 8052 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_26K.txt
28617 8152 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_27K.txt
28623 8252 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_28K.txt
28629 8356 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_29K.txt
28634 8452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_30K.txt
28640 8556 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_31K.txt
28645 8656 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_32K.txt
28651 8756 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_33K.txt
28657 8856 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_34K.txt
28662 8956 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_35K.txt
28668 9056 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_36K.txt
28674 9156 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_37K.txt
28679 9256 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_38K.txt
28685 9352 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_39K.txt
28691 9452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_40K.txt
28696 9552 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_41K.txt
28702 9656 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_42K.txt
28707 9756 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_43K.txt
28713 9852 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_44K.txt
28719 9952 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_45K.txt
28724 10052 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_46K.txt
28730 10156 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_47K.txt
28739 10256 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_48K.txt
28746 10352 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_49K.txt
28752 10452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_50K.txt
28757 10556 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_51K.txt
28763 10656 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_52K.txt
28769 10752 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_53K.txt
28774 10852 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_54K.txt
28780 10952 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_55K.txt
28786 11052 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_56K.txt
28791 11152 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_57K.txt
28797 11256 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_58K.txt
28802 11356 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_59K.txt
28808 11452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_60K.txt
28814 11556 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_61K.txt
28819 11656 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_62K.txt
28825 11752 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_63K.txt
28831 11852 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_64K.txt
28836 11956 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_65K.txt
28842 12052 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_66K.txt
28847 12152 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_67K.txt
28853 12256 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_68K.txt
28859 12356 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_69K.txt
28864 12452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_70K.txt
28871 12556 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_71K.txt
28877 12652 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_72K.txt
28883 12756 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_73K.txt
28889 12856 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_74K.txt
28894 12952 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_75K.txt
28900 13056 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_76K.txt
28906 13156 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_77K.txt
28911 13256 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_78K.txt
28917 13352 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_79K.txt
28922 13452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_80K.txt
28928 13556 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_81K.txt
28934 13652 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_82K.txt
28939 13752 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_83K.txt
28945 13852 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_84K.txt
28951 13952 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_85K.txt
28956 14052 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_86K.txt
28962 14152 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_87K.txt
28967 14256 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_88K.txt
28973 14352 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_89K.txt
28979 14456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_90K.txt
28984 14552 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_91K.txt
28990 14652 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_92K.txt
28996 14756 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_93K.txt
29001 14852 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_94K.txt
29007 14956 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_95K.txt
29012 15052 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_96K.txt
29018 15156 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_97K.txt
29024 15252 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_98K.txt
29029 15360 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_99K.txt
29035 15456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_100K.txt
29040 15556 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_101K.txt
29046 15652 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_102K.txt
29052 15756 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_103K.txt
29057 15852 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_104K.txt
29063 15952 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_105K.txt
29069 16056 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_106K.txt
29074 16152 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_107K.txt
29080 16256 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_108K.txt
29085 16356 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_109K.txt
29091 16452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_110K.txt
29097 16552 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_111K.txt
29102 16652 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_112K.txt
29108 16756 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_113K.txt
29113 16852 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_114K.txt
29119 16952 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_115K.txt
29125 17056 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_116K.txt
29130 17156 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_117K.txt
29136 17256 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_118K.txt
29141 17356 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_119K.txt
29147 17452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_120K.txt
29153 17556 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_121K.txt
29158 17656 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_122K.txt
29164 17756 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_123K.txt
29170 17856 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_124K.txt
29175 17952 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_125K.txt
29181 18056 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_126K.txt
29186 18152 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_127K.txt
29192 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_128K.txt
29198 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_129K.txt
29203 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_130K.txt
29209 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_131K.txt
29215 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_132K.txt
29220 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_133K.txt
29226 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_134K.txt
29231 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_135K.txt
29237 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_136K.txt
29243 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_137K.txt
29248 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_138K.txt
29254 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_139K.txt
29260 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_140K.txt
29265 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_141K.txt
29271 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_142K.txt
29276 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_143K.txt
29282 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_144K.txt
29288 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_145K.txt
29293 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_146K.txt
29299 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_147K.txt
29305 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_148K.txt
29310 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_149K.txt
29316 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_150K.txt
29321 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_151K.txt
29327 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_152K.txt
29333 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_153K.txt
29338 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_154K.txt
29344 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_155K.txt
29349 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_156K.txt
29355 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_157K.txt
29361 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_158K.txt
29366 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_159K.txt
29372 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_160K.txt
29378 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_161K.txt
29383 5460 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_162K.txt
29389 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_163K.txt
29394 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_164K.txt
29400 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_165K.txt
29406 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_166K.txt
29411 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_167K.txt
29417 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_168K.txt
29423 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_169K.txt
29428 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_170K.txt
29434 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_171K.txt
29439 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_172K.txt
29445 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_173K.txt
29451 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_174K.txt
29456 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_175K.txt
29463 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_176K.txt
29483 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_177K.txt
29489 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_178K.txt
29496 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_179K.txt
29501 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_180K.txt
29507 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_181K.txt
29512 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_182K.txt
29518 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_183K.txt
29524 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_184K.txt
29529 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_185K.txt
29535 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_186K.txt
29541 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_187K.txt
29546 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_188K.txt
29552 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_189K.txt
29557 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_190K.txt
29563 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_191K.txt
29569 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_192K.txt
29574 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_193K.txt
29580 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_194K.txt
29586 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_195K.txt
29591 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_196K.txt
29597 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_197K.txt
29602 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_198K.txt
29608 5456 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_199K.txt
29614 5452 S pts/16 00:00:00 python debug_memory.py data/stuff_200K.txt

有人能解释一下发生了什么事吗?为什么我会看到内存使用量的增加
使用小于128KB的文件时?
我的完整测试环境位于:
https://github.com/saltycrane/debugging-python-memory-usage/tree/50f73358c7a84a504333ce9c4071b0f3537bbc0f
我在ubuntu 12.04上运行python 2.7.3。
更新1
此问题并不特定于处理大小小于128k的文件。我也一样
结果将对象属性设置为与从中读取的值大小相同的值
文件。以下是更新的代码:
import sys
import time


class MyObj(object):
def __init__(self, size_kb):
self.att = ' ' * int(size_kb) * 1024


def myfunc(size_kb):
mylist = [MyObj(size_kb) for x in xrange(100)]
len(mylist)
return []


def main():
size_kb = sys.argv[1]
myfunc(size_kb)
time.sleep(3600)


if __name__ == '__main__':
main()

运行此脚本会得到类似的结果。更新的测试环境位于以下位置:
https://github.com/saltycrane/debugging-python-memory-usage/tree/59b7ff61134dfc11c4195e9201b2c1728ed4fcce
更新2
我将测试脚本进一步简化为:1。删除类并简单地创建字符串列表2。删除 myfunc()并使用 del删除 mylist对象
import sys
import time

def main():
size_kb = sys.argv[1]

mylist = []
for x in xrange(100):
mystr = ' ' * int(size_kb) * 1024
mylist.append(mystr)

del mylist

time.sleep(3600)

if __name__ == '__main__':
main()

我的简化脚本也给出了与原始脚本相似的结果。
但是,如果我不创建单独的字符串变量,就看不到
记忆力的提高。以下脚本不创建
内存增加:
import sys
import time

def main():
size_kb = sys.argv[1]

mylist = []
for x in xrange(100):
mylist.append(' ' * int(size_kb) * 1024)

del mylist

time.sleep(3600)

if __name__ == '__main__':
main()

更新的测试环境位于以下位置:
https://github.com/saltycrane/debugging-python-memory-usage/tree/423ca6a50dccbe32572a9d0dea1068ddcb06663b
更多问题:
其他人能复制我的结果吗?
记忆的增加是预期的吗?
关于正在发生的事情的提示
我发现了一些关于“免费列表”的有趣信息
它们可能与这个问题有关:
Why doesn't Python release the memory when I delete a large object?
How can I explicitly free memory in Python?
Python Memory Management — Theano v0.6rc3 documentation
从最后一个链接:
为了加速内存分配(和重用),python为小对象使用了许多列表。每个列表将包含相似大小的对象
事实上:如果(x大小的)项被释放(由于缺少引用而释放),则其位置不会返回到python的全局内存池(甚至更少返回到系统),而只是被标记为空闲并添加到x大小的项的空闲列表中。
如果小对象内存永远不会释放,那么不可避免的结论是,像金鱼一样,这些小对象列表只会不断增长,而不会缩小,并且应用程序的内存占用由在任何给定点上分配的最大数量的小对象控制。
更新3
我在更新2中过于简化了代码。在末尾添加行 ps
释放了内存。
(见: https://github.com/saltycrane/debugging-python-memory-usage/blob/dd058e4774802cae7cbfca520fb835ea46b645e8/debug_memory_leaks.py
我更新了脚本,使其足够复杂以演示问题。
这个问题仍然存在于下面的代码中。
最新的代码/环境位于此处: https://github.com/saltycrane/debugging-python-memory-usage/tree/fc0c8ce9ba621cb86b6abb93adf1b297a7c0230b
import gc
import sys
import time


def main():
size_kb = sys.argv[1]

mylist = []
for x in xrange(100):
mystr = ' ' * int(size_kb) * 1024
mydict = {'mykey': mystr}
mylist.append(mydict)

del mystr
del mydict
del mylist

gc.collect()

time.sleep(3600)


if __name__ == '__main__':
main()

我还运行了一些其他环境的脚本。奇怪的结果是
在一个干净的虚拟世界里奔跑。在这种情况下,内存丢失
发生在260KB而不是128KB。见 https://github.com/saltycrane/debugging-python-memory-usage/tree/52fbd5d57ff45affdcd70623ddb74fa1f1ffbbc2
环境:
ubuntu 12.04 64位,系统python 2.7.3:原始运行
ubuntu 12.0464位,python 3.3.0从源代码编译:类似的结果
科学Linux 6 64位,Python2.6.6:类似的结果
ubuntu 12.04 64位,来自virtualenv的python 2.7.3:内存衰减发生在260kb而不是128kb
更多参考资料:
http://revista.python.org.ar/2/en/html/memory-fragmentation.html
http://www.evanjones.ca/python-memory.html
http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2004-October/049480.html(注:这是2004年的)
http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-March/061991.html
http://www.evanjones.ca/memoryallocator/
http://www.evanjones.ca/memory-allocator.pdf
http://hg.python.org/releasing/2.7.3/file/7bb96963d067/Objects/obmalloc.c
在阅读了其中一些之后,我看到了一个256kb的“竞技场大小”的引用。
也许这是相关的?
更新4(基本解决)
schlenk uncovered the reason the memory usage drops off at 128KB
128KB是“内存分配函数”(malloc?)
使用mmap而不是使用sbrk增加程序中断。
有趣的是,可以通过环境变量更改阈值。
我运行了一个测试,将 del mystr环境变量设置为
不同的值和内存使用量的下降与该值匹配。
有关结果,请参见此处:
https://github.com/saltycrane/debugging-python-memory-usage/blob/97d93cd165a139a6b6f96720de63a92561dd2f05/output_debug_memory_leaks.py.txt
我仍然想知道我的脚本是否期望行为
字符串值小于128KB时的泄漏内存。
还有几个链接:
mallopt(3) - Linux manual page(来自schlenk)
Python memory management and TCMalloc | Pushing the Web
Re: Set x to to None and del x doesn't release memory in python 2.7.1 (HPUX 11.23, ia64) « python-list « ActiveState List Archives
Issue 3526: Customized malloc implementation on SunOS and AIX - Python tracker
Make the mmap/brk threshold in malloc dynamic to improve performance
注意:根据最后两个链接,有一个性能(速度)命中
用mmap代替sbrk。

最佳答案

您只需点击Linux内存分配器的默认行为。
基本上Linux有两种分配策略,sbrk()用于小内存块,mmap()用于大内存块。sbrk()分配的内存块不能很容易地返回到系统,而基于mmap()的内存块可以(只是取消页面映射)。
因此,如果分配的内存块大于libc中malloc()分配器决定在sbrk()和mmap()之间切换的值,就会看到这种效果。请参见mallopt()调用,特别是mmap_阈值(http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/mallopt.3.html)。
更新
要回答您的额外问题:是的,如果内存分配器的工作方式与linux上的libc类似,那么您应该这样泄漏内存。如果改用windows lowfragmentationheap,它可能不会泄漏,这与aix类似,具体取决于配置了哪个malloc。也许其他的一个分配器(tcmalloc等)也可以解决这些问题。sbrk()速度非常快,但内存碎片有问题。cpython对此无能为力,因为它没有压缩垃圾收集器,而只有简单的引用计数。
python提供了一些减少缓冲区分配的方法,请参见这里的博客:http://eli.thegreenplace.net/2011/11/28/less-copies-in-python-with-the-buffer-protocol-and-memoryviews/

关于python - 在Python中使用<128KB的字符串时发生内存泄漏?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33940443/

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