c++ - 为什么在父类中声明虚函数时出现 Unresolved external 错误？

Question

我有这个父类:

enum UI_STATE
{
    UI_STATE_SPLASH_SCREEN,
    UI_STATE_LOGIN_SCREEN,
    UI_STATE_CHARACTER_CREATION_SCREEN,
    UI_STATE_CHARACTER_CHOOSE_SCREEN,
    UI_STATE_LOADING_SCREEN,
    UI_STATE_GAMEPLAY,
    UI_STATE_EXIT_REQUESTED,
    UI_STATE_UNKNOWN
};

[event_source(native)]
class UserInterface
{
protected:
    MyGUI::Gui *mGUI;

public:
    static UserInterface *Instance;
    UI_STATE UI_CURRENT_STATE;

public:
    UserInterface()
    {
        MyGUI::OgrePlatform* mPlatform = new MyGUI::OgrePlatform();
        mPlatform->initialise(BaseObjects::mWindow, BaseObjects::mSceneMgr);
        mGUI = new MyGUI::Gui();
        mGUI->initialise();

        UI_CURRENT_STATE = UI_STATE_UNKNOWN;
    }

    ~UserInterface()
    {
        mGUI->destroyAllChildWidget();
        mGUI->shutdown();

        delete mGUI;
        mGUI = NULL;

        delete Instance;
        Instance = NULL;
    }

    virtual void update();
    virtual void GAMEPLAY_SCREEN_ShowTargetBox();
    virtual void GAMEPLAY_SCREEN_HideTargetBox();

...//some other methods
}

UserInterface *UserInterface::Instance = NULL;

还有两个子类，其中一个是覆盖这 3 个虚函数，第二个对这 3 个函数不做任何事情。

child 1:

#ifndef GameplayScreenInterface_h
#define GameplayScreenInterface_h

#include "UserInterface.h"
#include "ControllableCharacterAdv.h"

class GameplayScreenUserInterface : public UserInterface
{
private:
...

public:
    GameplayScreenUserInterface()
    {
...
    }

    void GAMEPLAY_SCREEN_ShowTargetBox()
    {
        ...
    }

    void GAMEPLAY_SCREEN_HideTargetBox()
    {
        ...
    }

    void update()
    {
        UpdateTargetBox();
        UpdateCharacterBox();
    }

    void UpdateCharacterBox()
    {
...
    }

    void UpdateTargetBox()
    {
        if (...)
        {
            if (...)
            {
            ...
            }
            else if (...)
            {
...
            }
            else
            {
            ...
            }
        }
        else
            GAMEPLAY_SCREEN_HideTargetBox();
    }
};

#endif GameplayScreenInterface_h

和 child 2:

#ifndef LoginScreenInterface_h
#define LoginScreenInterface_h

#include "UserInterface.h"
#include "NetworkManager.h"

class LoginScreenUserInterface : public UserInterface
{
public:
    LoginScreenUserInterface()
    {
...
    }
};

#endif LoginScreenInterface_h

和编译错误:(

Error 9 error LNK1120: 3 unresolved externals
Error 8 error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: virtual void __thiscall UserInterface::GAMEPLAY_SCREEN_HideTargetBox(void)" (GAMEPLAY_SCREEN_HideTargetBox@UserInterface@@UAEXXZ)
Error 7 error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: virtual void __thiscall UserInterface::GAMEPLAY_SCREEN_ShowTargetBox(void)" (GAMEPLAY_SCREEN_ShowTargetBox@UserInterface@@UAEXXZ)
Error 6 error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: virtual void __thiscall UserInterface::update(void)" (?update@UserInterface@@UAEXXZ)

有人知道如何消除这些错误吗？

Answer 1

这些不是编译错误，而是链接错误。您的源代码编译得很好，但您没有在基类中提供三个虚函数的实现。

当你在类声明中提到一个成员函数时，你所做的只是声明这个函数:你告诉编译器函数的名称是什么，它的参数类型是什么，它的返回值是什么类型;这让编译器很高兴。您仍然需要提供一些实现，或将函数标记为抽象，以满足链接器的要求。

在你实现UserInterface的cpp文件中添加这些:

void UserInterface::update() {
    // default implementation
}
void UserInterface::GAMEPLAY_SCREEN_ShowTargetBox() {
    // default implementation
}
void UserInterface::GAMEPLAY_SCREEN_HideTargetBox() {
    // default implementation
}

或者，如果部分或所有这些虚函数没有默认实现，则在 header 中添加 = 0:

virtual void update() = 0;
virtual void GAMEPLAY_SCREEN_ShowTargetBox() = 0;
virtual void GAMEPLAY_SCREEN_HideTargetBox() = 0;