linux - 在一个非常大的文件的第一行进行多次替换

Question

我有一个很大的文件，它的第一行是:

chr start end strand ref_context repeat_masked s1_smpl_context s1_c_count s1_ct_count s1_non_ct_count s1_m% s1_score s1_snp s1_indels s2_smpl_context s2_c_count s2_ct_count s2_non_ct_count s2_m% s2_score s2_snp s2_indels s3_smpl_context s3_c_count s3_ct_count s3_non_ct_count s3_m% s3_score s3_snp s3_indels...

最高 s8。

我想将 s1 到 s4 的所有实例替换为 L1 到 L4 然后是的所有实例s5 到 s8 和 W1 到 W4。最好是使用 grep 或 awk 还是其他方式来执行此操作？

Answer 1

将s[1-4]替换为L[1-4]，将s[5-8]替换为W [1-4] 仅在文件的第一行:

sed -Ee '1s/s([1-4])/L\1/g' -e '1s/s([5-8])/W\1/g' -e '1y/5678/1234/' -e '1q' file

演示:

$ cat file

chr start end strand ref_context repeat_masked s1_smpl_context s1_c_count s1_ct_count s1_non_ct_count s1_m% s1_score s1_snp s1_indels s2_smpl_context s2_c_count s2_ct_count s2_non_ct_count s2_m% s2_score s2_snp s2_indels s3_smpl_context s3_c_count s3_ct_count s3_non_ct_count s3_m% s3_score s3_snp s3_indels s4_Smpl_context s4_c_count s4_ct_count s4_non_ct_count s4_m% s4_score s4_snp s4_indels s5_smpl_context s5_c_count s5_ct_count s5_non_ct_count s5_m% s5_score s5_snp s5_indels s6_smpl_context s6_c_count s6_ct_count s6_non_ct_count s6_m% s6_score s6_snp s6_indels s7_Smpl_context s7_c_count s7_ct_count s7_non_ct_count s7_m% s7_score s7_snp s7_indels s8_smpl_context s8_c_count s8_ct_count s8_non_ct_count s8_m% s8_score s8_snp s8_indels

s1_line_2

s3_line_3

s8_line_4

$ sed -Ee '1s/s([1-4])/L\1/g' -e '1s/s([5-8])/W\1/g' -e '1y/5678/1234/' -e '1q' file

chr start end strand ref_context repeat_masked L1_smpl_context L1_c_count L1_ct_count L1_non_ct_count L1_m% L1_score L1_snp L1_indels L2_smpl_context L2_c_count L2_ct_count L2_non_ct_count L2_m% L2_score L2_snp L2_indels L3_smpl_context L3_c_count L3_ct_count L3_non_ct_count L3_m% L3_score L3_snp L3_indels L4_Smpl_context L4_c_count L4_ct_count L4_non_ct_count L4_m% L4_score L4_snp L4_indels W1_smpl_context W1_c_count W1_ct_count W1_non_ct_count W1_m% W1_score W1_snp W1_indels W2_smpl_context W2_c_count W2_ct_count W2_non_ct_count W2_m% W2_score W2_snp W2_indels W3_Smpl_context W3_c_count W3_ct_count W3_non_ct_count W3_m% W3_score W3_snp W3_indels W4_smpl_context W4_c_count W4_ct_count W4_non_ct_count W4_m% W4_score W4_snp W4_indels