c++ - 无法编译内核头文件(libc6-amd64 依赖项)

Question

编辑:请阅读更新。

我无法使用 boost 库编译某些程序，我被告知这是一个编译器错误。我从源代码编译了 GCC-5.1.0 并将其放在 /opt/gcc-5.1.0/ 中，并添加了 /opt/gcc-5.1.0/bin到 $PATH。我还必须将内核从 4.3.0 降级到 4.2.6，VMWare 工作站才能正常工作。

我无法安装由我编写的内核编译脚本生成的内核头文件:
dpkg -i/kernel/Kernel4.2.6/linux-headers-4.2.6.deb

输出:

Unpacking linux-headers-4.2.6 (1.0.0) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-headers-4.2.6:
 linux-headers-4.2.6 depends on libc6-amd64 (>= 2.14).

也就是说，运行 dpkg -l "libc6*" 会产生以下结果:

Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name           Version      Architecture Description
+++-==============-============-============-=================================
ii  libc6:amd64    2.19-18+deb8 amd64        GNU C Library: Shared libraries
ii  libc6:i386     2.19-18+deb8 i386         GNU C Library: Shared libraries
rc  libc6-amd64    2.19-18+deb8 i386         GNU C Library: 64bit Shared libra
ii  libc6-dev:amd6 2.19-18+deb8 amd64        GNU C Library: Development Librar
ii  libc6-dev:i386 2.19-18+deb8 i386         GNU C Library: Development Librar
in  libc6-dev-amd6 <none>       i386         (no description available)
ii  libc6-dev-i386 2.19-18+deb8 amd64        GNU C Library: 32-bit development
ii  libc6-i386     2.19-18+deb8 amd64        GNU C Library: 32-bit shared libr
ii  libc6-i686:i38 2.19-18+deb8 i386         GNU C Library: Shared libraries [
rc  libc6-x32      2.19-18+deb8 amd64        GNU C Library: X32 ABI Shared lib
un  libc6.1        <none>       <none>       (no description available)
un  libc6.1-dev    <none>       <none>       (no description available)

依赖似乎满足要求，不是吗？

我无法运行 apt-get install libc6-dev-amd64 因为它会产生:

dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/libc6-dev-amd64_2.19-18+deb8u1_i386.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/include/sys/xattr.h', which is also in package libc6-dev-i386 2.19-18+deb8u1

但是，从缓存中运行 dpkg --force-overwrite -d/var/cache/apt/archives/libc6-dev-amd64_2.19-18+deb8u1_i386.deb 似乎已经安装它。 dpkg -l "libc6*" 现在产生:

Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name           Version      Architecture Description
+++-==============-============-============-=================================
ii  libc6:amd64    2.19-18+deb8 amd64        GNU C Library: Shared libraries
ii  libc6:i386     2.19-18+deb8 i386         GNU C Library: Shared libraries
ii  libc6-amd64    2.19-18+deb8 i386         GNU C Library: 64bit Shared libra
ii  libc6-dev:amd6 2.19-18+deb8 amd64        GNU C Library: Development Librar
ii  libc6-dev:i386 2.19-18+deb8 i386         GNU C Library: Development Librar
ii  libc6-dev-amd6 2.19-18+deb8 i386         GNU C Library: 64bit Development 
ii  libc6-dev-i386 2.19-18+deb8 amd64        GNU C Library: 32-bit development
ii  libc6-i386     2.19-18+deb8 amd64        GNU C Library: 32-bit shared libr
ii  libc6-i686:i38 2.19-18+deb8 i386         GNU C Library: Shared libraries [
ii  libc6-udeb     2.19-0ubuntu amd64        Embedded GNU C Library: Shared li
rc  libc6-x32      2.19-18+deb8 amd64        GNU C Library: X32 ABI Shared lib
un  libc6.1        <none>       <none>       (no description available)
un  libc6.1-dev    <none>       <none>       (no description available)

但是，我仍然无法安装内核头文件，出现同样的错误。

作为一个似是而非的相关问题，在编译了一个非常简单的程序检查依赖关系之后:

#include <cstdlib>
#include <memory>
#include <boost/asio.hpp>
#include <linux/limits.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv){
    return 0;
}

它似乎编译正确，但运行 ./a.out 会产生:

./a.out: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.21' not found (required by ./a.out)
./a.out: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6: version `CXXABI_1.3.9' not found (required by ./a.out)

更新:似乎没有任何效果。我已经尝试安装 libc6-dev 和其他 eglib 库的实验版本，现在我无法卸载、更改或对它们执行任何操作，以免遇到删除以下包的情况:

WARNING: The following essential packages will be removed.
This should NOT be done unless you know exactly what you are doing!
  apt libapt-pkg4.12 (due to apt) libc6 (due to apt) libgcc1 (due to apt)
  libstdc++6 (due to apt) debian-archive-keyring (due to apt) gnupg (due to
  apt) base-files base-passwd libdebconfclient0 (due to base-passwd) bash
  debianutils (due to bash) dash (due to bash) libncurses5 (due to bash)
  libtinfo5 (due to bash) bsdutils libsystemd0 (due to bsdutils) coreutils
  libacl1 (due to coreutils) libattr1 (due to coreutils) libselinux1 (due to
  coreutils) dpkg (due to dash) diffutils libbz2-1.0 (due to dpkg) liblzma5
  (due to dpkg) zlib1g (due to dpkg) tar (due to dpkg) e2fsprogs e2fslibs (due
  to e2fsprogs) libblkid1 (due to e2fsprogs) libcomerr2 (due to e2fsprogs)
  libss2 (due to e2fsprogs) libuuid1 (due to e2fsprogs) util-linux (due to
  e2fsprogs) findutils grep libpcre3 (due to grep) gzip hostname init
  systemd-sysv (due to init) libc-bin login libaudit1 (due to login) libpam0g
  (due to login) libpam-runtime (due to login) libpam-modules (due to login)
  mount libmount1 (due to mount) libsmartcols1 (due to mount) ncurses-bin
  perl-base sed sysvinit-utils startpar (due to sysvinit-utils) initscripts
  (due to util-linux) tzdata (due to util-linux) libslang2 (due to util-linux)

显然我不想卸载这些，但我需要重新安装 libc6。

Answer 1

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如果您使用 g++ 5.1.0 版编译您的应用程序，编译器将知道它自己的 libstdc++.so 的路径。 (在/opt/中)。

但您的应用程序 (a.out) 将在 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 中查找 libstdc++.so.6。

您可以像 $ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/gcc-5.1.0/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH && ./a.out 一样运行 a.out

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