c++ - constexpr 查找实现

Question

回答后this question和阅读 this talk看着 this code , 我想实现 constexpr find只有简单的数组类。

考虑以下示例:

#include <cstddef>

template <class It, class T>
constexpr auto constexpr_find(const It& b, const It& e, T value) {
    auto begin = b;
    while (begin != e) {
        if (*begin == value) break;

        ++begin;
    }
    return *begin;
}

template<typename T, size_t N>
class array
{
public:
   typedef T* iterator;
   typedef const T* const_iterator;
   constexpr auto begin() const { return const_iterator(array_); }
   constexpr auto end() const { return const_iterator(array_ + N); }

   T array_[N];
   static constexpr size_t size = N;
};

int main()
{
   constexpr array<int, 3> array{{0,2,3}};
   static_assert(constexpr_find(array.begin(), array.end(), 0) == 0, "");
}

compiles as expected

并使用自定义 constexpr 迭代器:

template<class T>
class array_iterator
{
public:
   constexpr array_iterator(const T* v) : iterator(v)
   {
   }
   constexpr const T& operator * () const { return *iterator; }
   constexpr array_iterator& operator ++()
   {
      ++iterator;
      return *this;
   }
   constexpr bool operator != (const array_iterator& other) const { return iterator != other.iterator; }
private:
   const T* iterator;
};

在数组类中:

typedef const array_iterator<const T> const_iterator;

这是唯一的区别，编译器给我错误:

in constexpr expansion of constexpr_find<array_iterator<const int>, int>(array.array<T,
N>::begin<int, 3u>(), array.array<T, N>::end<int, 3u>(), 0)

error: (((const int*)(& array.array<int, 3u>::array_)) != (((const
int*)(& array.array<int, 3u>::array_)) + 12u)) is not a constant expression

Live example

这是 gcc 错误吗，因为 clang 编译得很好，还是两个片段有区别？

Answer 1

我不能肯定地说，但是您将数组成员的指针存储到外部迭代器类中，这可能是该错误的原因。

--------更新开始--------

这是演示问题的最小片段:

constexpr const struct A { int i[2]; } a {{0,0}};

int main ()
{
  static_assert (nullptr != a.i  , ""); // ok
  static_assert (nullptr != a.i+0, ""); // ok
  static_assert (nullptr != a.i+1, ""); // error
}

似乎禁止在常量表达式中使用指向数组元素(具有非零偏移量)的指针。

--------更新结束--------

解决方法很简单 - 将指针存储到数组对象和偏移量。

Live

#include <cstddef>

template <class It, class T>
constexpr auto constexpr_find(const It& b, const It& e, T value) {
    auto begin = b, end = e;
    while (begin != end) {
        if (*begin == value) break;

        ++begin;
    }
    return *begin;
}

template<class Array>
class array_iterator
{
public:
   constexpr array_iterator(const Array& a, size_t pos=0u) : array_(&a), pos_ (pos)
   {
   }
   constexpr const typename Array::value_type& 
   operator * () const { return (*array_)[pos_]; }

    constexpr array_iterator& operator ++()
   {
      ++pos_;
      return *this;
   }
   constexpr bool operator != (const array_iterator& other) const 
   { return array_ != other.array_ || pos_ != other.pos_; }

private:
   const Array* array_;
   size_t pos_;
};

template<typename T, size_t N>
class array
{
public:
   typedef T value_type;
   typedef const array_iterator<array> const_iterator;
   constexpr T const& operator[] (size_t idx) const { return array_[idx]; }
   constexpr auto begin() const { return const_iterator(*this); }
   constexpr auto end() const { return const_iterator(*this, N); }

   T array_[N];
   static constexpr size_t size = N;
};

int main()
{
   constexpr array<int, 3> array{{0,2,3}};
   static_assert(constexpr_find(array.begin(), array.end(), 0) == 0, "");
}

顺便说一句，可以实现启用 constexpr 的 C++11 版本的查找:

Live

#include <cstddef>
#include <cassert>

#if !defined(__clang__) && __GNUC__ < 5
// TODO: constexpr asserts does not work in gcc4, but we may use 
// "thow" workaround from 
// http://ericniebler.com/2014/09/27/assert-and-constexpr-in-cxx11/
# define ce_assert(x) ((void)0)
#else
# define ce_assert(x) assert(x)
#endif
namespace my {

template <class It, class T>
inline constexpr It
find (It begin, It end, T const& value) noexcept
{
    return ! (begin != end && *begin != value)
         ? begin
         : find (begin+1, end, value);
}

template<class Array>
class array_iterator
{
public:
  using value_type = typename Array::value_type;

  constexpr array_iterator(const Array& array, size_t size = 0u) noexcept
    : array_ (&array)
    , pos_ (size)
  {}

  constexpr const value_type operator* () const noexcept
  {
    return ce_assert (pos_ < Array::size), (*array_) [pos_];
  }

#if __cplusplus >= 201402L // C++14
  constexpr
#endif
  array_iterator& operator ++() noexcept
  {
    return ce_assert (pos_ < Array::size), ++pos_, *this;
  }

  constexpr array_iterator operator+ (size_t n) const noexcept
  {
    return ce_assert (pos_+n <= Array::size), array_iterator (*array_, pos_+n);
  }

  friend constexpr bool
  operator != (const array_iterator& i1, const array_iterator& i2) noexcept
  {
    return i1.array_ != i2.array_ || i1.pos_ != i2.pos_;
  }

  friend constexpr size_t
  operator- (array_iterator const& i1, array_iterator const& i2) noexcept
  {
    return ce_assert (i1.array_ == i2.array_), i1.pos_ - i2.pos_;
  }

private:
  const Array* array_;
  size_t pos_;
};

template<typename T, size_t N>
class array
{
public:
  using value_type = T;
  using const_iterator = const array_iterator<array>;

  constexpr value_type const&
  operator[] (size_t idx) const noexcept
  { return array_[idx];  }

  constexpr const_iterator begin() const noexcept
  { return const_iterator(*this); }

  constexpr const_iterator end()   const noexcept
  { return const_iterator(*this, N); }

  T array_[N];
  static constexpr size_t size = N;
};

}

int main()
{
  static constexpr my::array<int, 3> array{{0,2,3}};

  static_assert (
    find (array.begin(), array.end(), 2) - array.begin () == 1,
    "error");
}

您可能也有兴趣查看 Sprout library , 它包含大量的 constexpr 数据结构和算法。