C++ union 位域任务

Question

有人能弄清楚我为什么要使用 union 以及 cin'ed 变量和位字段的相同地址(来自 Schildts C++ 书中的任务)的目的是什么？换句话说，为什么我要使用 union for :

char ch; struct byte bit;

//显示字符的二进制ASCII码。

#include <iostream>
#include <conio.h>
using namespace std;

// a bit field that will be decoded
struct byte {
  unsigned a : 1;
  unsigned b : 1;
  unsigned c : 1;
  unsigned d : 1;
  unsigned e : 1;
  unsigned f : 1;
  unsigned g : 1;
  unsigned h : 1;
};

union bits {
  char ch;
  struct byte bit;
} ascii ;

void disp_bits(bits b);

int main()
{
  do {
    cin >> ascii.ch;
    cout << ": ";
    disp_bits(ascii);
  } while(ascii.ch!='q'); // quit if q typed

  return 0;
}

// Display the bit pattern for each character.
void disp_bits(bits b)
{
  if(b.bit.h) cout << "1 ";
    else cout << "0 ";
  if(b.bit.g) cout << "1 ";
    else cout << "0 ";
  if(b.bit.f) cout << "1 ";
    else cout << "0 ";
  if(b.bit.e) cout << "1 ";
    else cout << "0 ";
  if(b.bit.d) cout << "1 ";
    else cout << "0 ";
  if(b.bit.c) cout << "1 ";
    else cout << "0 ";
  if(b.bit.b) cout << "1 ";
    else cout << "0 ";
  if(b.bit.a) cout << "1 ";
    else cout << "0 ";
  cout << "\n";
}

Answer 1

作为 union ，ch 和bit 都有一个重叠(共享)的内存位置。将一个字符存储在其中作为 ch，然后读取 bit 为该字符生成相应的位值。