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c++ - 双向链表 : Unresolved Externals

转载 作者：塔克拉玛干 更新时间：2023-11-03 00:16:12 24 4
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Possible Duplicate:
Why can templates only be implemented in the header file?
What is an undefined reference/unresolved external symbol error and how do I fix it?

同样，这是一项家庭作业，我的导师给了我们很多反馈，但我仍然对这个编译问题一头雾水。

当我将 main 函数放在实现文件中时，程序会编译并完美运行。但是，当我将 main 函数放入 main.cpp 时，编译器会提示:

 unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall doublyLinkedList<int>::doublyLinkedList<int>(void)" (??0?$doublyLinkedList@H@@QAE@XZ) referenced in function

头文件

#ifndef H_doublyLinkedList
#define H_doublyLinkedList

#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>

using namespace std;

//Definition of the node
template <class Type>
struct nodeType
{  
   Type info;
   nodeType<Type> *next;
   nodeType<Type> *back;  
};

template <class Type>
class doublyLinkedList
{
public:
const doublyLinkedList<Type>& operator=
                       (const doublyLinkedList<Type> &);
  //Overload the assignment operator.

void initializeList();
  //Function to initialize the list to an empty state.
  //Postcondition: first = NULL; last = NULL; count = 0;

bool isEmptyList() const;
  //Function to determine whether the list is empty.
  //Postcondition: Returns true if the list is empty,
  //               otherwise returns false.

void destroy();
  //Function to delete all the nodes from the list.
  //Postcondition: first = NULL; last = NULL; count = 0;

void print() const;
  //Function to output the info contained in each node.

void reversePrint() const;
  //Function to output the info contained in each node
  //in reverse order.

int length() const;
  //Function to return the number of nodes in the list.
  //Postcondition: The value of count is returned.

Type front() const;
  //Function to return the first element of the list.
  //Precondition: The list must exist and must not be empty.
  //Postcondition: If the list is empty, the program 
  //               terminates; otherwise, the first 
  //               element of the list is returned. 

Type back() const;
  //Function to return the last element of the list.
  //Precondition: The list must exist and must not be empty.
  //Postcondition: If the list is empty, the program
  //               terminates; otherwise, the last
  //               element of the list is returned. 

bool search(const Type& searchItem) const;
  //Function to determine whether searchItem is in the list.
  //Postcondition: Returns true if searchItem is found in
  //               the list, otherwise returns false.

void insert(const Type& insertItem);
  //Function to insert insertItem in the list.
  //Precondition: If the list is nonempty, it must be in
  //              order.
  //Postcondition: insertItem is inserted at the proper place
  //               in the list, first points to the first
  //               node, last points to the last node of the
  //               new list, and count is incremented by 1.

void deleteNode(const Type& deleteItem);
  //Function to delete deleteItem from the list. 
  //Postcondition: If found, the node containing deleteItem
  //               is deleted from the list; first points
  //               to the first node of the new list, last
  //               points to the last node of the new list,
  //               and count is decremented by 1; otherwise,
  //               an appropriate message is printed. 

doublyLinkedList(); 
  //default constructor
  //Initializes the list to an empty state.
  //Postcondition: first = NULL; last = NULL; count = 0;

doublyLinkedList(const doublyLinkedList<Type>& otherList); 
  //copy constructor
~doublyLinkedList(); 
  //destructor
  //Postcondition: The list object is destroyed.

public:
int count;
nodeType<Type> *first; //pointer to the first node
nodeType<Type> *last;  //pointer to the last node

public:
void copyList(const doublyLinkedList<Type>& otherList); 
  //Function to make a copy of otherList.
  //Postcondition: A copy of otherList is created and
  //               assigned to this list.
};



#endif

执行文件:

#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>
#include "doublyLinkedList.h"

using namespace std;


template <class Type>
doublyLinkedList<Type>::doublyLinkedList()
{
first= NULL;
last = NULL;
count = 0;
}

template <class Type>
bool doublyLinkedList<Type>::isEmptyList() const
{
return (first == NULL);
}

template <class Type>
void doublyLinkedList<Type>::destroy()
{  
nodeType<Type>  *temp; //pointer to delete the node

while (first != NULL)
{
    temp = first;
    first = first->next;
    delete temp;
}

last = NULL;
count = 0;
}

template <class Type>
void doublyLinkedList<Type>::initializeList()
{
destroy();
}

 template <class Type>
 int doublyLinkedList<Type>::length() const
{
return count;
}

template <class Type>
void doublyLinkedList<Type>::print() const
{
nodeType<Type> *current; //pointer to traverse the list

current = first;  //set current to point to the first node

while (current != NULL)
{
    cout << current->info << "  ";  //output info
    current = current->next;
}//end while
}//end print


 template <class Type>
 void doublyLinkedList<Type>::reversePrint() const
 {
nodeType<Type> *current; //pointer to traverse 
                         //the list

current = last;  //set current to point to the 
                 //last node

while (current != NULL)
{
    cout << current->info << "  ";  
    current = current->back;
}//end while
}//end reversePrint

template <class Type>
 bool doublyLinkedList<Type>::
                   search(const Type& searchItem) const
{
bool found = false;
nodeType<Type> *current; //pointer to traverse the list

current = first;

while (current != NULL && !found)
    if (current->info >= searchItem)
        found = true;
    else
        current = current->next;

if (found)
   found = (current->info == searchItem); //test for 
                                          //equality

 return found;
 }//end search

template <class Type>
Type doublyLinkedList<Type>::front() const
{
assert(first != NULL);

return first->info;
}

template <class Type>
Type doublyLinkedList<Type>::back() const
{
assert(last != NULL);

return last->info;
}

template <class Type>
void doublyLinkedList<Type>::insert(const Type& insertItem)
{
nodeType<Type> *current;      //pointer to traverse the list
nodeType<Type> *trailCurrent; //pointer just before current
nodeType<Type> *newNode;      //pointer to create a node
bool found;

newNode = new nodeType<Type>; //create the node
newNode->info = insertItem;  //store the new item in the node
newNode->next = NULL;
newNode->back = NULL;

if(first == NULL) //if the list is empty, newNode is 
                  //the only node
{
   first = newNode;
   last = newNode;
   count++;
}
else
{
    found = false;
    current = first;

    while (current != NULL && !found) //search the list
        if (current->info >= insertItem)
            found = true;
        else
        {
            trailCurrent = current;
            current = current->next;
        }

    if (current == first) //insert newNode before first
    {
        first->back = newNode;
        newNode->next = first;
        first = newNode;
        count++;
    }
    else
    {
          //insert newNode between trailCurrent and current
        if (current != NULL)
        {
            trailCurrent->next = newNode;
            newNode->back = trailCurrent;
            newNode->next = current;
            current->back = newNode;
        }
        else
        {
            trailCurrent->next = newNode;
            newNode->back = trailCurrent;
            last = newNode;
        }

        count++;
    }//end else
}//end else
}//end insert

template <class Type>
void doublyLinkedList<Type>::deleteNode(const Type& deleteItem)
{
nodeType<Type> *current; //pointer to traverse the list
nodeType<Type> *trailCurrent; //pointer just before current

bool found;

if (first == NULL)
    cout << "Cannot delete from an empty list." << endl;
else if (first->info == deleteItem) //node to be deleted is  
                                   //the first node
{
    current = first;
    first = first->next;

    if (first != NULL)
        first->back = NULL;
    else
        last = NULL;

    count--;

    delete current;
}
else 
{
    found = false;
    current = first;

    while (current != NULL && !found)  //search the list
        if (current->info >= deleteItem)
            found = true;
        else
            current = current->next;

    if (current == NULL)
        cout << "The item to be deleted is not in " 
             << "the list." << endl;
    else if (current->info == deleteItem) //check for 
                                             //equality
    {
        trailCurrent = current->back; 
        trailCurrent->next = current->next;

        if (current->next != NULL)
            current->next->back = trailCurrent;

        if (current == last)
            last = trailCurrent;

        count--;
        delete current;
    }
    else
        cout << "The item to be deleted is not in list." 
             << endl;
}//end else
}//end deleteNode

template <class Type>
void doublyLinkedList<Type>::copyList(const doublyLinkedList<Type>& otherList)
 {

//cout << "The definition of this function is left as an exercise." << endl;
//cout << "See Programming Execrise 9." << endl;


 template <class Type>
 doublyLinkedList<Type>::doublyLinkedList(const doublyLinkedList<Type>& otherList)
 {

// cout << "The definition of the copy constructor is left as an exercise." <<         endl;
 // cout << "See Programming Execrise 9." << endl;
}

template <class Type>
const doublyLinkedList<Type>& doublyLinkedList<Type>::operator=
                        (const doublyLinkedList<Type> &)

//  cout << "Overloading the assignment operator is left as an exercise." << endl;
//  cout << "See Programming Execrise 9." << endl;
}

 template <class Type>
 doublyLinkedList<Type>::~doublyLinkedList()
 {

//cout << "Definition of the destructor is left as an exercise." << endl;
//cout << "See Programming Execrise 9." << endl;
 }

主要功能:

//Program to test various operations on a doubly linked list


#include <iostream>
#include "doublyLinkedList.h"  

using namespace std; 

int main()
{
char choice;
int n = 0;
 doublyLinkedList<int> myList;

cout<<"this is a test"<<endl;

do {
 cout<<"Main Menu:"<<endl;
 cout<<"Choice of operations to perform on Dobule Linked List"<<endl;
 cout<<"Create list values :  C"<<endl;
 cout<<"Initialize List:   Z"<<endl;
 cout<<"Check List Empty:   M"<<endl;
 cout<<"Destroy List:   E  "<<endl;
 cout<<"Print List  : P"<<endl;
 cout<<"Reverse printed list:  R"<<endl;
 cout<<"Length of List: L"<<endl;
 cout <<"Front of List: F"<<endl;
 cout<<"Back of List: B"<<endl;
 cout<<"Search list: S"<<endl;
 cout<<"Insert List: I"<<endl;
 cout<<"delete list: D"<<endl;
 cout<<"use copy constructor : U" <<endl;
 cout <<"quit: Q"<<endl;

 cin >> choice;
 if ((choice == 'I' )|| (choice =='D')|| (choice == 'S'))
 {
     cout<<"Enter value to manipulate: "<<endl;
     cin >> n;
 }
 switch ( choice) 
 {
 case 'C':
  cout<<"Please enter a list"<<endl;
 while(n!= -999){
     myList.insert(n);
     cin>>n;}
     break;

 case 'S':  if (myList.search(n))
            cout<< " List contains: "<<n<<endl;
            else
                cout<<"List does not contain "<<n<<endl;
            break;
case 'I': 
    myList.insert(n);
    cout<<"element was inserted"<<endl;
    break;
case 'D':
        myList.deleteNode(n);
        cout<<"node was deleted"<<endl;
        break;

case 'L':  cout<<"Length is \n"<<endl;
    myList.length();
    break;
case 'B': 
        cout<<"back element is :  "<< myList.back();
        break;
case 'F' : 
    cout<<"front element is "<<myList.front();
    break;
case 'Z' : myList.initializeList();
        cout<<"list initialized"<<endl;
case 'M': if (myList.isEmptyList())
        cout<<"is empty"<< endl;
        else
        cout<<"is not empty"<<endl;
        break;
    case 'E': myList.destroy();
    cout<<"list destroyed"<<endl;
    break;
    case 'P': myList.print();
    break;
    case'R': cout<<"reversed"<<endl;
    myList.reversePrint();
    break;
    }
    }while(choice!= 'Q');
    return 0;

 }

我正在寻找指导。我知道答案很简单，只是我没有看到。我考虑过使用关键字 extern 但不确定如何使用它。就像我在标签中所说的那样，这是家庭作业，所以我不是在寻找快速修复方法，而是希望从错误中吸取教训。我真的很感谢这个网站和所有成员。

我在这里发布的所有代码都是由图书出版商免费提供的，除了 main.cpp 之外，我已经省略了我的原始代码

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