Android "Permission Denial: can' t 使用相机”

Question

我正在学习有关在 Android 应用程序中使用相机的教程。我在模拟器和物理设备上运行调试时收到错误“权限拒绝:无法使用相机”。我在 list 文件中尝试了多种权限。似乎大多数遇到此错误的人都有错字、缺少权限或权限不在 list 中的正确位置。

这是我的 list 文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.karudo.dbzrealpowerup" >

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FLASHLIGHT" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
    <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera2" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name=".DBZHome"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <activity
            android:name=".DBZStartPowerUp"
            android:label="@string/title_activity_dbzstart_power_up" >
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

这是我的 Activity :

package com.example.karudo.dbzrealpowerup;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.SurfaceTexture;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraAccessException;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraCharacteristics;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraDevice;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraManager;
import android.hardware.camera2.params.StreamConfigurationMap;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Size;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.TextureView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;

public class DBZStartPowerUp extends Activity {

    private Size mPreviewSize;
    private String mCameraId;
    private TextureView mTextureView;
    private TextureView.SurfaceTextureListener mSurfaceTextureListener =
            new TextureView.SurfaceTextureListener() {

                @Override
                public void onSurfaceTextureAvailable(SurfaceTexture surface, int width, int height) {
                    setupCamera(width, height);
                    openCamera();
                }

                @Override
                public void onSurfaceTextureSizeChanged(SurfaceTexture surface, int width, int height) {

                }

                @Override
                public boolean onSurfaceTextureDestroyed(SurfaceTexture surface) {
                    return false;
                }

                @Override
                public void onSurfaceTextureUpdated(SurfaceTexture surface) {

                }
            };

    private CameraDevice mCameraDevice;
    private CameraDevice.StateCallback mCameraDeviceStateCallback
            = new CameraDevice.StateCallback() {

        @Override
        public void onOpened(CameraDevice camera) {
            mCameraDevice = camera;
            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Camera Opened!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }

        @Override
        public void onDisconnected(CameraDevice camera) {
            camera.close();
            mCameraDevice = null;
        }

        @Override
        public void onError(CameraDevice camera, int error) {
            camera.close();
            mCameraDevice = null;
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_dbzstartpowerup);
        mTextureView = (TextureView) findViewById(R.id.dbzCameraPreview);
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        if(mTextureView.isAvailable()) {

        } else {
            mTextureView.setSurfaceTextureListener(mSurfaceTextureListener);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_dbzstartpowerup, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
        // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
        // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
        int id = item.getItemId();

        //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
        if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
            return true;
        }

        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }

    private void setupCamera(int width, int height) {
        CameraManager cameraManager = (CameraManager) getSystemService(Context.CAMERA_SERVICE);
        try {
            for(String cameraId : cameraManager.getCameraIdList()) {
                CameraCharacteristics cameraCharacteristics = cameraManager.getCameraCharacteristics(cameraId);
                if (cameraCharacteristics.get(CameraCharacteristics.LENS_FACING) ==
                        CameraCharacteristics.LENS_FACING_FRONT) {
                    continue;
                }
                StreamConfigurationMap map = cameraCharacteristics.get(CameraCharacteristics.SCALER_STREAM_CONFIGURATION_MAP);
                mPreviewSize = getPreferredPreviewSize(map.getOutputSizes(SurfaceTexture.class), width, height);
                mCameraId = cameraId;
                return;
            }
        } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private Size getPreferredPreviewSize(Size[] mapSizes, int width, int height) {
        List<Size> collectorSizes = new ArrayList<>();
        for(Size option : mapSizes) {
            if(width > height) {
                if(option.getWidth() > width &&
                        option.getHeight() > height) {
                    collectorSizes.add(option);
                }
            } else {
                if(option.getWidth() > height &&
                        option.getHeight() > width) {
                    collectorSizes.add(option);
                }
            }
        }
        if(collectorSizes.size() > 0) {
            return Collections.min(collectorSizes, new Comparator<Size>() {
                @Override
                public int compare(Size lhs, Size rhs) {
                    return Long.signum(lhs.getWidth() * lhs.getHeight() - rhs.getWidth() * rhs.getHeight());
                }
            });
        }
        return mapSizes[0];
    }

    private void openCamera() {
        CameraManager cameraManager = (CameraManager) getSystemService(Context.CAMERA_SERVICE);
        try {
            cameraManager.openCamera(mCameraId, mCameraDeviceStateCallback, null);
        } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

还有我的 logcat 中的错误:

10-04 03:15:02.740     961-8780/? E/CameraService﹕ Permission Denial: can't use the camera pid=20601, uid=10059
10-04 03:15:02.741  20601-20601/com.example.karudo.dbzrealpowerup E/AndroidRuntime﹕ FATAL EXCEPTION: main
    Process: com.example.karudo.dbzrealpowerup, PID: 20601
    java.lang.SecurityException: Lacking privileges to access camera service
            at android.hardware.camera2.utils.CameraBinderDecorator.throwOnError(CameraBinderDecorator.java:108)
            at android.hardware.camera2.legacy.CameraDeviceUserShim.connectBinderShim(CameraDeviceUserShim.java:336)
            at android.hardware.camera2.CameraManager.openCameraDeviceUserAsync(CameraManager.java:324)
            at android.hardware.camera2.CameraManager.openCamera(CameraManager.java:454)
            at com.example.karudo.dbzrealpowerup.DBZStartPowerUp.openCamera(DBZStartPowerUp.java:163)
            at com.example.karudo.dbzrealpowerup.DBZStartPowerUp.access$100(DBZStartPowerUp.java:23)
            at com.example.karudo.dbzrealpowerup.DBZStartPowerUp$1.onSurfaceTextureAvailable(DBZStartPowerUp.java:34)
            at android.view.TextureView.getHardwareLayer(TextureView.java:368)
            at android.view.View.updateDisplayListIfDirty(View.java:15151)
            at android.view.View.draw(View.java:15948)
            at android.view.ViewGroup.drawChild(ViewGroup.java:3609)
            at android.view.ViewGroup.dispatchDraw(ViewGroup.java:3399)
            at android.view.View.updateDisplayListIfDirty(View.java:15169)
            at android.view.View.draw(View.java:15948)
            at android.view.ViewGroup.drawChild(ViewGroup.java:3609)
            at android.view.ViewGroup.dispatchDraw(ViewGroup.java:3399)
            at android.view.View.updateDisplayListIfDirty(View.java:15169)
            at android.view.View.draw(View.java:15948)
            at android.view.ViewGroup.drawChild(ViewGroup.java:3609)
            at android.view.ViewGroup.dispatchDraw(ViewGroup.java:3399)
            at android.view.View.updateDisplayListIfDirty(View.java:15169)
            at android.view.View.draw(View.java:15948)
            at android.view.ViewGroup.drawChild(ViewGroup.java:3609)
            at android.view.ViewGroup.dispatchDraw(ViewGroup.java:3399)
            at android.view.View.draw(View.java:16181)
            at com.android.internal.policy.PhoneWindow$DecorView.draw(PhoneWindow.java:2690)
            at android.view.View.updateDisplayListIfDirty(View.java:15174)
            at android.view.ThreadedRenderer.updateViewTreeDisplayList(ThreadedRenderer.java:281)
            at android.view.ThreadedRenderer.updateRootDisplayList(ThreadedRenderer.java:287)
            at android.view.ThreadedRenderer.draw(ThreadedRenderer.java:322)
            at android.view.ViewRootImpl.draw(ViewRootImpl.java:2615)
            at android.view.ViewRootImpl.performDraw(ViewRootImpl.java:2434)
            at android.view.ViewRootImpl.performTraversals(ViewRootImpl.java:2067)
            at android.view.ViewRootImpl.doTraversal(ViewRootImpl.java:1107)
            at android.view.ViewRootImpl$TraversalRunnable.run(ViewRootImpl.java:6013)
            at android.view.Choreographer$CallbackRecord.run(Choreographer.java:858)
            at android.view.Choreographer.doCallbacks(Choreographer.java:670)
            at android.view.Choreographer.doFrame(Choreographer.java:606)
            at android.view.Choreographer$FrameDisplayEventReceiver.run(Choreographer.java:844)
            at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:739)
            at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)
            at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:148)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5417)
            at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
            at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:726)
            at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:616)

我是应用程序开发的新手，诚然我不擅长调试，但从我看到的其他人的文件(以及仅 4 个月前的教程)来看，我的 list 权限似乎是正确的。

谁能告诉我我做错了什么？

干杯，李.

更新:我通过调试发现它一到达这个方法就崩溃了...

private void openCamera() {
    CameraManager cameraManager = (CameraManager) getSystemService(Context.CAMERA_SERVICE);
    try {
        cameraManager.openCamera(mCameraId, mCameraDeviceStateCallback, null);
    } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

...特别是在它运行 try 语句时。

更新 2:如果我注释掉 try/catch 语句，应用程序不会崩溃，但不会出现预期的结果(即打印“Camera Opened!”)。有什么想法吗？

更新 3:抱歉，我刚刚意识到我上面的编辑是多么愚蠢。它不再崩溃的原因很明显，但至少我现在知道我必须调试我的 cameraManager.openCamera 参数。代码就在那里，如果有人可以看的话:)

Answer 1

如果您使用的是 Android 6 Marshmallow，则此问题可能是由新的权限管理引起的。就我而言，我通过覆盖以下 Activity 方法解决了问题:

@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,  String permissions[], int[] grantResults) {
    switch (requestCode) {
        case CAMERA_PERMISSION:
            if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                if(mClss != null) {
                    Intent intent = new Intent(this, ClassUsingCamera);
                    startActivity(intent);
                }
            } else {
                Toast.makeText(this, "Please grant camera permission to use the QR Scanner", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
            return;
    }
}

然后我使用以下代码启动了需要相机 (ClassUsingCamera) 的 Activity :

if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA)
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
     ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
                    new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA}, CAMERA_PERMISSION);
} else {
       Intent intent = new Intent(this, ClassUsingCamera);
       startActivity(intent);
        }

在第一次启动应用程序时，您会看到一个弹出窗口，要求您授予对相机的访问权限。

另一种选择是使用此处解释的 PermissionsDispatcher https://github.com/hotchemi/PermissionsDispatcher