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c++ - 没有 Boost 的现代 C++ 中的 bimap 实现

转载 作者:塔克拉玛干 更新时间:2023-11-02 23:33:54 26 4
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这个问题之前有人问过here我承认,但现在是 4 年前了,所以我敢要求更新:

我需要一种方法来将元组/对添加到容器并有效地搜索左右元素。

Boost 有 bimapmulti_index,它们完全符合我的要求,但我想知道在普通现代 C++-11/14 中推荐的替代方案是什么,以防您不想要引入对 boost 的依赖(无论出于何种原因)。

链接中的一个答案表明不需要 s.th。由于透明比较器,它不再像 bimap 了。接受的答案建议将 std::map 组合到 key1 -> key2key2 -> key1.

我真的不知道透明比较器如何在这里帮助我,我只是好奇是否有一些你应该这样做以及为什么 - 解决方案。你能提供一些提示/链接吗?

最佳答案

我认为这只是很多繁琐的工作。

为了好玩,我开始在这里实现一个起点。

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注意事项:

  • “主要”支持是 std::list<tuple<K,V>> .这确保迭代器/引用失效语义尽可能接近 std::map尽可能
  • 主背景兼作“左” View (仅供外部使用的只读模式)
  • “右” View 非常相似,但使用了 std::reference_wrapper<value_type const>所以我们只索引第一个容器,真的

我只实现了简单的查询( lower_boundupper_boundequal_rangefind )。当然有迭代器和 ranged-for。

您还有一些事情要做( eraseemplace 、范围插入、初始化列表构造;有状态分配器/比较器支持很粗略(没有构造函数采用相关参数),但作用域分配器已被纳入帐户。)

事不宜迟:

#include <algorithm>
#include <tuple>
#include <list>
#include <functional> // for std::reference_wrapper
#include <cassert>

namespace bimap {
namespace detail {
template <typename Cmp, typename V, size_t I> struct CompareByElement : private Cmp {
bool operator()(V const& a, V const& b) const {
using std::get;
return Cmp::operator()(get<I>(a), get<I>(b));
}
bool operator()(V const& a, V const& b) {
using std::get;
return Cmp::operator()(get<I>(a), get<I>(b));
}
};

namespace tags {
struct left_view;
struct right_view;
}

template <typename ViewTag, typename Left, typename Right, typename LeftCmp, typename RightCmp, typename RawAlloc>
struct view_traits;

template <typename Left, typename Right, typename LeftCmp, typename RightCmp, typename RawAlloc>
struct view_traits<tags::left_view, Left, Right, LeftCmp, RightCmp, RawAlloc> {
using value_type = std::tuple<Left, Right>;
using allocator_type = typename RawAlloc::template rebind<value_type>::other;
using base_type = std::list<value_type, allocator_type>;
using comparator = CompareByElement<LeftCmp, value_type, 0>;
};

template <typename Left, typename Right, typename LeftCmp, typename RightCmp, typename RawAlloc>
struct view_traits<tags::right_view, Left, Right, LeftCmp, RightCmp, RawAlloc> {
using value_type = std::tuple<Left, Right>;
using allocator_type = typename RawAlloc::template rebind<std::reference_wrapper<value_type const>>::other;
using base_type = std::list<std::reference_wrapper<value_type const>, allocator_type>;
using comparator = CompareByElement<RightCmp, value_type, 1>;
};

template <typename Left, typename Right, typename LeftCmp, typename RightCmp, typename RawAlloc>
struct bimap_traits {
using left_traits = view_traits<tags::left_view, Left, Right, LeftCmp, RightCmp, RawAlloc>;
using right_traits = view_traits<tags::right_view, Left, Right, LeftCmp, RightCmp, RawAlloc>;
};

template <typename Traits> struct map_adaptor :
private Traits::base_type,
private Traits::comparator // empty base class optimization
{
using value_type = typename Traits::value_type;
using allocator_type = typename Traits::allocator_type;
using base_type = typename Traits::base_type;
using comparator = typename Traits::comparator;

using iterator = typename base_type::iterator;
using const_iterator = typename base_type::const_iterator;

using base_type::cbegin;
using base_type::cend;
using base_type::begin;
using base_type::end;
using base_type::insert;
using base_type::size;

auto lower_bound(value_type const& v) { return std::lower_bound(base_type::begin(), base_type::end(), v, get_comp()); }
auto upper_bound(value_type const& v) { return std::upper_bound(base_type::begin(), base_type::end(), v, get_comp()); }
auto equal_range(value_type const& v) { return std::equal_range(base_type::begin(), base_type::end(), v, get_comp()); }
auto lower_bound(value_type const& v) const { return std::lower_bound(base_type::begin(), base_type::end(), v, get_comp()); }
auto upper_bound(value_type const& v) const { return std::upper_bound(base_type::begin(), base_type::end(), v, get_comp()); }
auto equal_range(value_type const& v) const { return std::equal_range(base_type::begin(), base_type::end(), v, get_comp()); }

auto find(value_type const& v) {
auto er = equal_range(v);
return er.first == er.second? end() : er.first;
}

auto find(value_type const& v) const {
auto er = equal_range(v);
return er.first == er.second? end() : er.first;
}

base_type& base() { return *static_cast<base_type*>(this); }
base_type const & base() const { return *static_cast<base_type const*>(this); }
private:
comparator& get_comp() { return *this; }
comparator const& get_comp() const { return *this; }
};
}

template <typename Left, typename Right,
typename LeftCmp = std::less<Left>, typename RightCmp = std::less<Right>,
typename RawAlloc = std::allocator<void>,
typename Traits = detail::bimap_traits<Left, Right, LeftCmp, RightCmp, RawAlloc>
>
class bimap : private detail::map_adaptor<typename Traits::left_traits> {
public:
using left_type = typename detail::map_adaptor<typename Traits::left_traits>;
using right_type = typename detail::map_adaptor<typename Traits::right_traits>;

using value_type = typename Traits::left_traits::value_type;
using allocator_type = typename Traits::left_traits::allocator_type;
using base_type = left_type;

using const_iterator = typename base_type::const_iterator;
using iterator = const_iterator;

using base_type::cbegin;
using base_type::cend;
auto begin() const { return cbegin(); }
auto end() const { return cend(); }
using base_type::size;

left_type const& left() const { return *this; }
right_type const& right() const { return inverse_index; }

std::pair<const_iterator, bool> insert(value_type const& v) {
auto lr = left().find(v);
auto rr = right().find(v);

bool hasl = lr!=left().end(),
hasr = rr!=right().end();

if (!hasl && !hasr) {
auto lins = mutable_left().insert(left().lower_bound(v), v);
auto rins = mutable_right().insert(right().lower_bound(*lins), *lins);
(void) rins;

return { lins, true };
} else {
return { end(), false };
}
}

private:
detail::map_adaptor<typename Traits::right_traits> inverse_index;
left_type& mutable_left() { return *this; }
right_type& mutable_right() { return inverse_index; }
};
}

#include <iostream>

#define CHECK(cond) do {\
if (cond) { } else { std::cout << "FAILED: " #cond "\n"; } } while(false)

int main() {
using Map = bimap::bimap<int, std::string>;
Map bm;
CHECK(bm.insert(std::make_tuple(1,"three")).second);

// now left 1 and right "three" are taken:
CHECK(!bm.insert(std::make_tuple(1,"two")).second);
CHECK(!bm.insert(std::make_tuple(2,"three")).second);

// unrelated keys insert fine
CHECK(bm.insert(std::make_tuple(2,"aaaa")).second);

// thing contains 2 elements now:
CHECK(bm.size() == 2);

using std::get;

for (Map::value_type const& p : bm) std::cout << get<0>(p) << ", " << get<1>(p) << "; "; std::cout << "\n";
for (Map::value_type const& p : bm.left()) std::cout << get<0>(p) << ", " << get<1>(p) << "; "; std::cout << "\n";

// right view map orders by right index
for (Map::value_type const& p : bm.right()) std::cout << get<0>(p) << ", " << get<1>(p) << "; "; std::cout << "\n";

// you can do find, lower_bound, equal_range etc. on both sides
}

打印:

1, three; 2, aaaa; 
1, three; 2, aaaa;
2, aaaa; 1, three;

关于c++ - 没有 Boost 的现代 C++ 中的 bimap 实现,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35521562/

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