C++ "forgetting"该变量在用作函数参数时是 constexpr

Question

我有以下代码，编译器无法看到作为参数传递给函数的变量是 constexpr，这让我很恼火，因此我必须使用 arity 0 函数而不是 1 参数函数。

我知道这不是编译器错误，但我想知道是否有可以解决此问题的习语。

#include <array>
#include <iostream>

static constexpr std::array<int, 5> arr{11, 22, 33, 44, 55};

template <typename C, typename P, typename Y>
static constexpr void copy_if(const C& rng, P p, Y yi3ld) {
    for (const auto& elem: rng) {
        if (p(elem)){
            yi3ld(elem);
        }
    }
}

// template<std::size_t N>
static constexpr auto get_evens(/* const std::array<int, N>& arr */) {
    constexpr auto is_even = [](const int i) constexpr {return i % 2 == 0;};
    constexpr int cnt = [/* &arr, */&is_even]() constexpr {
        int cnt = 0;
        auto increment = [&cnt] (const auto&){cnt++;};
        copy_if(arr, is_even, increment);
        return cnt;
    }();
    std::array<int, cnt> result{};
    int idx = 0;
    copy_if(arr, is_even, [&result, &idx](const auto& val){ result[idx++] = val;});
    return result;
}

int main() {
    // constexpr std::array<int, 5> arr{11, 22, 33, 44, 55};
    for (const int i:get_evens(/* arr */)) {
        std::cout << i << " " << std::endl;
    }
}

如果我想要的不是很明显:我想更改 get_evens签名，以便它是基于数组大小 N 的模板模板，并且它需要 1 个类型为 const std::array<int, N>& 的参数.

更改arr时的错误信息成为函数参数没有帮助:

prog.cc:25:21: note: initializer of 'cnt' is not a constant expression prog.cc:19:19: note: declared here constexpr int cnt = [&arr, &is_even]()constexpr {

Answer 1

函数参数永远不是常量表达式，即使在 constexpr 上下文中使用函数也是如此:

constexpr int foo(int i)
{
    // i is not a constexpr
    return i + 1;
}

constexpr auto i = 1;
constexpr auto j = foo(i);    

要模拟 constexpr 参数，请使用模板参数:

template<int i>
constexpr int foo()
{
    // i is constexpr
    return i + 1;
}

constexpr auto i = 1;
constexpr auto j = foo<i>();

一个可能的解决方案是使用 std::integer_sequence 将整数编码成一个类型:

#include <array>
#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits>

template<typename P, typename Y, int... elements>
constexpr void copy_if_impl(P p, Y yi3ld, std::integer_sequence<int, elements...>) {
    ((p(elements) && (yi3ld(elements), true)), ...);
}

template<typename arr_t, typename P, typename Y>
constexpr void copy_if(P p, Y yi3ld) {
    copy_if_impl(p, yi3ld, arr_t{});
}

template<typename arr_t>
constexpr auto get_evens(){
    constexpr auto is_even = [](const int i) constexpr { return i % 2 == 0; };
    constexpr int cnt = [&is_even]() constexpr {
        int cnt = 0;
        auto increment = [&cnt](const auto&) { cnt++; };
        copy_if<arr_t>(is_even, increment);
        return cnt;
    }();

    std::array<int, cnt> result{};
    int idx = 0;
    copy_if<arr_t>(is_even, [&result, &idx](const auto& val) {
        result[idx++] = val; });
    return result;
}

int main()
{
    using arr = std::integer_sequence<int, 11, 22, 33, 44, 55>;
    for (const int i : get_evens<arr>()) {
        std::cout << i << " " << std::endl;
    }
}

Constantinos Glynos 建议的添加。

摘自 Scott Meyers 的Effective Modern C++ 一书，第 15 项，第 98 页:

• constexpr functions can be used in contexts that demand compile-time constants. If the values of the arguments you pass to a constexpr function in such a context are known during compilation, the result will be computed during compilation. If any of the arguments’ values is not known during compilation, your code will be rejected.
• When a constexpr function is called with one or more values that are not known during compilation, it acts like a normal function, computing its result at runtime. This means you don’t need two functions to perform the same operation, one for compile-time constants and one for all other values. The constexpr function does it all.