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javascript - 结合 Maybe 和 IO monad 进行 DOM 读/写

转载 作者:塔克拉玛干 更新时间:2023-11-02 20:30:55 25 4
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我正在尝试编写一个简单的示例使用 IO 和 Maybe monads。该程序从 DOM 中读取一个节点并向其写入一些 innerHTML

我挂断的是 IO 和 Maybe 的组合,例如IO(可能是 NodeList)

如何使用此设置短路或引发错误?

我可以使用 getOrElse 来提取值或设置默认值,但是将默认值设置为空数组没有任何帮助。

import R from 'ramda';
import { IO, Maybe } from 'ramda-fantasy';
const Just = Maybe.Just;
const Nothing = Maybe.Nothing;

// $ :: String -> Maybe NodeList
const $ = (selector) => {
const res = document.querySelectorAll(selector);
return res.length ? Just(res) : Nothing();
}

// getOrElse :: Monad m => m a -> a -> m a
var getOrElse = R.curry(function(val, m) {
return m.getOrElse(val);
});


// read :: String -> IO (Maybe NodeList)
const read = selector =>
IO(() => $(selector));

// write :: String -> DOMNode -> IO
const write = text =>
(domNode) =>
IO(() => domNode.innerHTML = text);

const prog = read('#app')
// What goes here? How do I short circuit or error?
.map(R.head)
.chain(write('Hello world'));

prog.runIO();

https://www.webpackbin.com/bins/-Kh2ghQd99-ljiPys8Bd

最佳答案

你可以尝试写一个 EitherIO单子(monad)变压器。 Monad 转换器允许您将两个 monad 的效果组合成一个 monad。它们可以用通用的方式编写,这样我们就可以根据需要创建 monad 的动态组合,但在这里我只演示 Either 的静态耦合。和 IO .

首先我们需要一条路从IO (Either e a)开始至 EitherIO e a和一条路从EitherIO e aIO (Either e a)

EitherIO :: IO (Either e a) -> EitherIO e a
runEitherIO :: EitherIO e a -> IO (Either e a)

我们需要一些辅助函数来将其他平面类型带入我们的嵌套 monad

EitherIO.liftEither :: Either e a -> EitherIO e a
EitherIO.liftIO :: IO a -> EitherIO e a

为了符合幻想世界,我们的新EitherIO monad 有一个 chain方法和of函数并遵守 monad 法则。为了您的方便,我还使用 map 实现了仿函数接口(interface)。方法。

EitherIO.js

import { IO, Either } from 'ramda-fantasy'
const { Left, Right, either } = Either

// type EitherIO e a = IO (Either e a)
export const EitherIO = runEitherIO => ({
// runEitherIO :: IO (Either e a)
runEitherIO,
// map :: EitherIO e a => (a -> b) -> EitherIO e b
map: f =>
EitherIO(runEitherIO.map(m => m.map(f))),
// chain :: EitherIO e a => (a -> EitherIO e b) -> EitherIO e b
chain: f =>
EitherIO(runEitherIO.chain(
either (x => IO.of(Left(x)), (x => f(x).runEitherIO))))
})

// of :: a -> EitherIO e a
EitherIO.of = x => EitherIO(IO.of(Right.of(x)))

// liftEither :: Either e a -> EitherIO e a
export const liftEither = m => EitherIO(IO.of(m))

// liftIO :: IO a -> EitherIO e a
export const liftIO = m => EitherIO(m.map(Right))

// runEitherIO :: EitherIO e a -> IO (Either e a)
export const runEitherIO = m => m.runEitherIO

调整您的程序以使用 EitherIO

这有什么好处是你的 readwrite函数本来就很好——除了我们如何构建 prog 中的调用之外,您的程序中没有任何内容需要更改。

import { compose } from 'ramda'
import { IO, Either } from 'ramda-fantasy'
const { Left, Right, either } = Either
import { EitherIO, liftEither, liftIO } from './EitherIO'

// ...

// prog :: IO (Either Error String)
const prog =
EitherIO(read('#app'))
.chain(compose(liftIO, write('Hello world')))
.runEitherIO

either (throwError, console.log) (prog.runIO())

补充说明

// prog :: IO (Either Error String)
const prog =
// read already returns IO (Either String DomNode)
// so we can plug it directly into EitherIO to work with our new type
EitherIO(read('#app'))
// write only returns IO (), so we have to use liftIO to return the correct EitherIO type that .chain is expecting
.chain(compose(liftIO, write('Hello world')))
// we don't care that EitherIO was used to do the hard work
// unwrap the EitherIO and just return (IO Either)
.runEitherIO

// this actually runs the program and clearly shows the fork
// if prog.runIO() causes an error, it will throw
// otherwise it will output any IO to the console
either (throwError, console.log) (prog.runIO())

检查错误

继续改变'#app'一些不匹配的选择器(例如)'#foo' .重新运行该程序,您将看到相应的错误出现在控制台中

Error: Could not find DOMNode

可运行的演示

你做到了这一步。这是一个可运行的演示作为奖励:https://www.webpackbin.com/bins/-Kh5NqerKrROGRiRkkoA



使用 EitherT 的通用转换

monad 转换器将 monad 作为参数并创建一个新的 monad。在这种情况下,EitherT需要一些 monad M并创建一个有效行为的 monad M (Either e a) .

所以现在我们有一些方法可以创建新的 monad

// EitherIO :: IO (Either e a) -> EitherIO e a
const EitherIO = EitherT (IO)

我们还有将平面类型提升为嵌套类型的函数

EitherIO.liftEither :: Either e a -> EitherIO e a
EitherIO.liftIO :: IO a -> EitherIO e a

最后是一个自定义运行函数,可以更轻松地处理我们的嵌套 IO (Either e a)类型 - 注意,一层抽象 ( IO ) 被移除,所以我们只需要考虑 Either

runEitherIO :: EitherIO e a -> Either e a

要么

是面包和黄油 - 你在这里看到的主要区别是 EitherT接受一个 monad M作为输入并创建/返回一个新的 Monad 类型

// EitherT.js
import { Either } from 'ramda-fantasy'
const { Left, Right, either } = Either

export const EitherT = M => {
const Monad = runEitherT => ({
runEitherT,
chain: f =>
Monad(runEitherT.chain(either (x => M.of(Left(x)),
x => f(x).runEitherT)))
})
Monad.of = x => Monad(M.of(Right(x)))
return Monad
}

export const runEitherT = m => m.runEitherT

EitherIO

现在可以根据 EitherT 来实现– 显着简化的实现

import { IO, Either } from 'ramda-fantasy'
import { EitherT, runEitherT } from './EitherT'

export const EitherIO = EitherT (IO)

// liftEither :: Either e a -> EitherIO e a
export const liftEither = m => EitherIO(IO.of(m))

// liftIO :: IO a -> EitherIO e a
export const liftIO = m => EitherIO(m.map(Either.Right))

// runEitherIO :: EitherIO e a -> Either e a
export const runEitherIO = m => runEitherT(m).runIO()

我们计划的更新

import { EitherIO, liftEither, liftIO, runEitherIO } from './EitherIO'

// ...

// prog :: () -> Either Error String
const prog = () =>
runEitherIO(EitherIO(read('#app'))
.chain(R.compose(liftIO, write('Hello world'))))

either (throwError, console.log) (prog())

使用 EitherT 的可运行演示

这是使用 EitherT 的可运行代码:https://www.webpackbin.com/bins/-Kh8S2NZ8ufBStUSK1EU

关于javascript - 结合 Maybe 和 IO monad 进行 DOM 读/写,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43260076/

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