android - 如何将 gradle 配置为仅将 logback-classic 用于 Android 中的单元测试？

Question

我有一个使用 slf4j + logback 的 Android 应用程序。Gradle 文件如下所示:

...
compile('com.github.tony19:logback-android-core:1.1.1-6') {
    exclude group: 'ch.qos.logback.core.net'
}

compile('com.github.tony19:logback-android-classic:1.1.1-6') {
    exclude group: 'ch.qos.logback.core.net'
}

compile 'org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.7.25'

我在 assets/中有 logback.xml。当我运行应用程序时，日志记录按预期工作。最近我决定添加新的单元测试(常规的，不是 android 单元测试)但我看到日志消息没有显示。

我在 gragle 文件中添加了以下内容:

testCompile('ch.qos.logback:logback-classic:1.2.3') {
    exclude group: 'com.github.tony19'
}

现在显示了日志消息，但在每次运行单元测试时我都会收到此警告:

SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/o/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/ch.qos.logback/logback-classic/1.2.3/7c4f3c474fb2c041d8028740440937705ebb473a/logback-classic-1.2.3.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/o/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/com.github.tony19/logback-android-classic/1.1.1-6/614c66c9ece69eef48c65a8558de4fd7266d9f69/logback-android-classic-1.1.1-6.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.

有没有办法专门指定哪些 slf4j 绑定(bind)用于常规应用程序运行，哪些仅用于单元测试(或任何其他解决方案)？

依赖图:

compile - Classpath for compiling the main sources.
+--- com.bolyartech.forge.android:forge-android:7.1.0
|    +--- com.bolyartech.forge:base:5.1.0
|    |    +--- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.7.7 -> 1.7.25
|    |    +--- com.darwinsys:hirondelle-date4j:1.5.1
|    |    +--- com.google.guava:guava:20.0
|    |    +--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1
|    |    \--- com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.1.2
|    |         \--- com.squareup.okio:okio:1.6.0
|    +--- com.google.dagger:dagger:2.9
|    |    \--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1
|    +--- com.android.support:support-annotations:25.3.1 -> 26.0.1
|    +--- javax.annotation:jsr250-api:1.0
|    +--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.2.2
|    \--- net.sourceforge.streamsupport:streamsupport:1.5.1
+--- com.bolyartech.scram_sasl:scram_sasl:2.0.1
+--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1
+--- com.squareup:otto:1.3.8
+--- com.google.code.gson:gson:2.7
+--- com.github.franmontiel:PersistentCookieJar:v0.9.3
|    \--- com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.1.2 (*)
+--- com.github.tony19:logback-android-core:1.1.1-6
+--- com.github.tony19:logback-android-classic:1.1.1-6
|    +--- com.github.tony19:logback-android-core:1.1.1-6
|    \--- com.github.tony19:apktool-lib:1.4.4-3
|         \--- com.google.android:android:2.1_r1
|              +--- commons-logging:commons-logging:1.1.1
|              +--- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient:4.0.1
|              |    +--- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpcore:4.0.1
|              |    +--- commons-logging:commons-logging:1.1.1
|              |    \--- commons-codec:commons-codec:1.3
|              +--- org.khronos:opengl-api:gl1.1-android-2.1_r1
|              +--- xerces:xmlParserAPIs:2.6.2
|              \--- xpp3:xpp3:1.1.4c
+--- ch.acra:acra:4.7.0
|    \--- com.android.support:support-v4:23.0.1 -> 26.0.1
|         +--- com.android.support:support-compat:26.0.1
|         |    \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:26.0.1
|         +--- com.android.support:support-media-compat:26.0.1
|         |    +--- com.android.support:support-annotations:26.0.1
|         |    \--- com.android.support:support-compat:26.0.1 (*)
|         +--- com.android.support:support-core-utils:26.0.1
|         |    +--- com.android.support:support-annotations:26.0.1
|         |    \--- com.android.support:support-compat:26.0.1 (*)
|         +--- com.android.support:support-core-ui:26.0.1
|         |    +--- com.android.support:support-annotations:26.0.1
|         |    \--- com.android.support:support-compat:26.0.1 (*)
|         \--- com.android.support:support-fragment:26.0.1
|              +--- com.android.support:support-compat:26.0.1 (*)
|              +--- com.android.support:support-core-ui:26.0.1 (*)
|              \--- com.android.support:support-core-utils:26.0.1 (*)
+--- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.7.25
+--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1
+--- javax.annotation:jsr250-api:1.0
+--- com.google.dagger:dagger:2.9 (*)
\--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:26.0.1
     +--- com.android.support:support-annotations:26.0.1
     +--- com.android.support:support-v4:26.0.1 (*)
     +--- com.android.support:support-vector-drawable:26.0.1
     |    +--- com.android.support:support-annotations:26.0.1
     |    \--- com.android.support:support-compat:26.0.1 (*)
     \--- com.android.support:animated-vector-drawable:26.0.1
          +--- com.android.support:support-vector-drawable:26.0.1 (*)
          \--- com.android.support:support-core-ui:26.0.1 (*)


testCompile - Classpath for compiling the test sources.
+--- ch.qos.logback:logback-classic:1.2.3
|    +--- ch.qos.logback:logback-core:1.2.3
|    \--- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.7.25
+--- junit:junit:4.12
|    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3
\--- org.mockito:mockito-core:1.10.19
     +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1 -> 1.3
     \--- org.objenesis:objenesis:2.1

Answer 1

对于 Android Gradle Plugin 3 及以上版本，请尝试使用以下内容:

implementation 'org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.7.25'   
runtimeOnly 'com.github.tony19:logback-android-core:1.1.1-6'