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android - 如何将 .pcm 文件转换为 .wav 或 .mp3？

转载 作者：塔克拉玛干 更新时间：2023-11-02 08:54:15 27 4
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我目前正在开发一个具有录音和播放功能的 Android 应用程序。我是处理音频的新手，在编码和格式方面遇到了一些麻烦。

我可以在我的应用程序中录制和播放音频，但在导出时我无法重现音频。我找到的唯一方法是导出我的 .pcm 文件并使用 Audacity 进行转换。

这是我录制音频的代码是:

private Thread recordingThread 
private AudioRecord mRecorder;
private boolean isRecording = false;

private void startRecording() {

    mRecorder = new AudioRecord(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC,
            Constants.RECORDER_SAMPLERATE, Constants.RECORDER_CHANNELS,
            Constants.RECORDER_AUDIO_ENCODING, Constants.BufferElements2Rec * Constants.BytesPerElement);

    mRecorder.startRecording();
    isRecording = true;

    recordingThread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
        public void run() {
            writeAudioDataToFile();
        }
    }, "AudioRecorder Thread");
    recordingThread.start();
}

private void writeAudioDataToFile() {
    // Write the output audio in byte

    FileOutputStream os = null;
    try {
        os = new FileOutputStream(mFileName);
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    while (isRecording) {
        // gets the voice output from microphone to byte format
        mRecorder.read(sData, 0, Constants.BufferElements2Rec);
        try {
            // // writes the data to file from buffer
            // // stores the voice buffer

            byte bData[] = short2byte(sData);

            os.write(bData, 0, Constants.BufferElements2Rec * Constants.BytesPerElement);

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    try {
        os.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

播放录制的音频，代码为:

private void startPlaying() {

    new Thread(new Runnable() {
        public void run() {

            try {

                File file = new File(mFileName);

                byte[] audioData = null;

                InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(mFileName);
                audioData = new byte[Constants.BufferElements2Rec];

                mPlayer = new AudioTrack(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC, Constants.RECORDER_SAMPLERATE,
                        AudioFormat.CHANNEL_OUT_MONO, Constants.RECORDER_AUDIO_ENCODING,
                        Constants.BufferElements2Rec * Constants.BytesPerElement, AudioTrack.MODE_STREAM);


                final float duration = (float) file.length() / Constants.RECORDER_SAMPLERATE / 2;

                Log.i(TAG, "PLAYBACK AUDIO");
                Log.i(TAG, String.valueOf(duration));


                mPlayer.setPositionNotificationPeriod(Constants.RECORDER_SAMPLERATE / 10);
                mPlayer.setNotificationMarkerPosition(Math.round(duration * Constants.RECORDER_SAMPLERATE));

                mPlayer.play();

                int i = 0;
                while ((i = inputStream.read(audioData)) != -1) {
                    try {
                        mPlayer.write(audioData, 0, i);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        Log.e(TAG, "Exception: " + e.getLocalizedMessage());
                    }
                }

            } catch (FileNotFoundException fe) {
                Log.e(TAG, "File not found: " + fe.getLocalizedMessage());
            } catch (IOException io) {
                Log.e(TAG, "IO Exception: " + io.getLocalizedMessage());
            }

        }

    }).start();


}

Constants 类中定义的常量是:

public class Constants {

    final static public int RECORDER_SAMPLERATE = 44100;
    final static public int RECORDER_CHANNELS = AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_MONO;
    final static public int RECORDER_AUDIO_ENCODING = AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT;

    final static public int BufferElements2Rec = 1024; // want to play 2048 (2K) since 2 bytes we use only 1024
    final static public int BytesPerElement = 2; // 2 bytes in 16bit format


}

如果我按原样导出文件，我会用 Audacity 转换它并播放。但是，我确实需要将其导出为可以自动播放的格式。

我已经看到实现 Lame 的答案，目前正在研究它。我还找到了使用以下方法转换它的答案:

private File rawToWave(final File rawFile, final String filePath) throws IOException {

    File waveFile = new File(filePath);

    byte[] rawData = new byte[(int) rawFile.length()];
    DataInputStream input = null;
    try {
        input = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(rawFile));
        input.read(rawData);
    } finally {
        if (input != null) {
            input.close();
        }
    }

    DataOutputStream output = null;
    try {
        output = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(waveFile));
        // WAVE header
        // see http://ccrma.stanford.edu/courses/422/projects/WaveFormat/
        writeString(output, "RIFF"); // chunk id
        writeInt(output, 36 + rawData.length); // chunk size
        writeString(output, "WAVE"); // format
        writeString(output, "fmt "); // subchunk 1 id
        writeInt(output, 16); // subchunk 1 size
        writeShort(output, (short) 1); // audio format (1 = PCM)
        writeShort(output, (short) 1); // number of channels
        writeInt(output, Constants.RECORDER_SAMPLERATE); // sample rate
        writeInt(output, Constants.RECORDER_SAMPLERATE * 2); // byte rate
        writeShort(output, (short) 2); // block align
        writeShort(output, (short) 16); // bits per sample
        writeString(output, "data"); // subchunk 2 id
        writeInt(output, rawData.length); // subchunk 2 size
        // Audio data (conversion big endian -> little endian)
        short[] shorts = new short[rawData.length / 2];
        ByteBuffer.wrap(rawData).order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).asShortBuffer().get(shorts);
        ByteBuffer bytes = ByteBuffer.allocate(shorts.length * 2);
        for (short s : shorts) {
            bytes.putShort(s);
        }
        output.write(bytes.array());
    } finally {
        if (output != null) {
            output.close();
        }
    }

    return waveFile;

}

private void writeInt(final DataOutputStream output, final int value) throws IOException {
    output.write(value >> 0);
    output.write(value >> 8);
    output.write(value >> 16);
    output.write(value >> 24);
}

private void writeShort(final DataOutputStream output, final short value) throws IOException {
    output.write(value >> 0);
    output.write(value >> 8);
}

private void writeString(final DataOutputStream output, final String value) throws IOException {
    for (int i = 0; i < value.length(); i++) {
        output.write(value.charAt(i));
    }
}

但这在导出时会以正确的持续时间播放，但只是白噪音。

我尝试过但无法工作的一些答案:

任何人都可以指出什么是最好的解决方案？它真的实现 lame 还是可以以更直接的方式完成？如果是这样，为什么代码示例将文件转换为白噪声？

最佳答案

您的大部分代码都是正确的。我能看到的唯一问题是将 PCM 数据写入 WAV 文件的部分。这应该很简单，因为 WAV = 元数据 + PCM(按此顺序)。这应该有效:

private void rawToWave(final File rawFile, final File waveFile) throws IOException {

    byte[] rawData = new byte[(int) rawFile.length()];
    DataInputStream input = null;
    try {
        input = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(rawFile));
        input.read(rawData);
    } finally {
        if (input != null) {
            input.close();
        }
    }

    DataOutputStream output = null;
    try {
        output = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(waveFile));
        // WAVE header
        // see http://ccrma.stanford.edu/courses/422/projects/WaveFormat/
        writeString(output, "RIFF"); // chunk id
        writeInt(output, 36 + rawData.length); // chunk size
        writeString(output, "WAVE"); // format
        writeString(output, "fmt "); // subchunk 1 id
        writeInt(output, 16); // subchunk 1 size
        writeShort(output, (short) 1); // audio format (1 = PCM)
        writeShort(output, (short) 1); // number of channels
        writeInt(output, 44100); // sample rate
        writeInt(output, RECORDER_SAMPLERATE * 2); // byte rate
        writeShort(output, (short) 2); // block align
        writeShort(output, (short) 16); // bits per sample
        writeString(output, "data"); // subchunk 2 id
        writeInt(output, rawData.length); // subchunk 2 size
        // Audio data (conversion big endian -> little endian)
        short[] shorts = new short[rawData.length / 2];
        ByteBuffer.wrap(rawData).order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).asShortBuffer().get(shorts);
        ByteBuffer bytes = ByteBuffer.allocate(shorts.length * 2);
        for (short s : shorts) {
            bytes.putShort(s);
        }

        output.write(fullyReadFileToBytes(rawFile));
    } finally {
        if (output != null) {
            output.close();
        }
    }
}
    byte[] fullyReadFileToBytes(File f) throws IOException {
    int size = (int) f.length();
    byte bytes[] = new byte[size];
    byte tmpBuff[] = new byte[size];
    FileInputStream fis= new FileInputStream(f);
    try { 

        int read = fis.read(bytes, 0, size);
        if (read < size) {
            int remain = size - read;
            while (remain > 0) {
                read = fis.read(tmpBuff, 0, remain);
                System.arraycopy(tmpBuff, 0, bytes, size - remain, read);
                remain -= read;
            } 
        } 
    }  catch (IOException e){
        throw e;
    } finally { 
        fis.close();
    } 

    return bytes;
} 
private void writeInt(final DataOutputStream output, final int value) throws IOException {
    output.write(value >> 0);
    output.write(value >> 8);
    output.write(value >> 16);
    output.write(value >> 24);
}

private void writeShort(final DataOutputStream output, final short value) throws IOException {
    output.write(value >> 0);
    output.write(value >> 8);
}

private void writeString(final DataOutputStream output, final String value) throws IOException {
    for (int i = 0; i < value.length(); i++) {
        output.write(value.charAt(i));
    }
}

如何使用

使用起来非常简单。就这样调用它:

  File f1 = new File("/sdcard/44100Sampling-16bit-mono-mic.pcm"); // The location of your PCM file
  File f2 = new File("/sdcard/44100Sampling-16bit-mono-mic.wav"); // The location where you want your WAV file
  try {
    rawToWave(f1, f2);
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

这一切是如何运作的

如您所见，WAV header 是 WAV 和 PCM 文件格式之间的唯一区别。假设您正在录制 16 位 PCM MONO 音频(根据您的代码，您是)。 rawToWave 函数只是巧妙地将 header 添加到 WAV 文件，以便音乐播放器知道打开文件时会发生什么，然后在 header 之后，它只是从最后一位开始写入 PCM 数据。

酷提示

如果你想改变你的声音的音高，或者制作一个语音转换器应用程序，你所要做的就是增加/减少 writeInt(output, 44100); 的值；//采样率 在你的代码中。降低它会告诉玩家以不同的速度播放它，从而改变输出音调。只是一些额外的“很高兴知道”的事情。 :)

关于android - 如何将 .pcm 文件转换为 .wav 或 .mp3？，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37281430/

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