java - 如何使用 EJB 3.0 实现适当的计数器 bean？

Question

[编辑] 这个问题是“如何使用 EJB 3 和 JPA 2.0 对实体 bean 进行原子更改”。应该很简单吧？

我尝试根据目前得到的答案修复我的代码。我正在使用 JBoss 6.0.0M2 和 Hypersonic(只需下载并调用 run.bat)。

我的测试用例:创建 3 个线程并在循环中调用其中一个 testCounterMitLock*() 500 次。所以一个成功的测试应该打印“Anzahl eingetragene Zeilen: 1500” (3*500)。

我试过:

        CounterTestVersion ct = manager.find(CounterTestVersion.class, 1);
        manager.lock(ct, LockModeType.WRITE);
        int wert = ct.getWert();

显然是行不通的，因为不同的线程可以在应用锁之前更改数据库中的值。所以我尝试解决这个问题:

        CounterTestVersion ct = manager.find(CounterTestVersion.class, 1);
        manager.lock(ct, LockModeType.WRITE);
        manager.refresh (ct);
        int wert = ct.getWert();

refresh() 应该给我当前值并且隐式查询还应该确保对象现在被锁定。没有这样的运气。让我们尝试使用 JPA 2.0:

        CounterTestVersion ct = manager.find(CounterTestVersion.class, 1, LockModeType.WRITE);
        int wert = ct.getWert();

那也行不通。也许锁还不够？

        CounterTestVersion ct = manager.find(CounterTestVersion.class, 1, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE);
        int wert = ct.getWert();

嗯……也不行!最后一次绝望的尝试:

        CounterTestVersion ct = manager.find(CounterTestVersion.class, 1, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE);
        manager.flush();
        manager.refresh (ct);
        int wert = ct.getWert();

好的...谁能解释为什么什么都不起作用？我没主意了。

[EDIT2] PS:雪上加霜的是，这是最后一个运行线程的最后输出:

commit/rollback: 441/62

(441+62 = 503)...

这是完整的代码。首先是 bean :

package server.kap15;

import java.rmi.RemoteException;

import javax.ejb.*;
import javax.persistence.*;

@Stateful
public class CounterTestBean implements CounterTestRemote, SessionSynchronization {
    @PersistenceContext(unitName = "JavaEE")
    EntityManager manager;

    private int commit = 0;

    private int rollback = 0;

    public void initDatenbank() {
        manager.createNamedQuery("CounterTest.deleteAll").executeUpdate();
        manager.createNamedQuery("TestTabelle.deleteAll").executeUpdate();
        CounterTestVersion ct = new CounterTestVersion();
        ct.setNr(1);
        ct.setVersion(1);
        ct.setWert(1);
        manager.persist(ct);
    }

    public boolean testCounterOhneLock() {
        try {
            CounterTest ct = manager.find(CounterTest.class, 1);
            int wert = ct.getWert();
            ct.setWert(wert + 1);
            TestTabelle tt = new TestTabelle();
            tt.setNr(wert);
            manager.persist(tt);
            manager.flush();
            return true;
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    public boolean testCounterMitLock() {
        try {
            CounterTestVersion ct = manager.find(CounterTestVersion.class, 1);
            manager.lock(ct, LockModeType.WRITE);
            int wert = ct.getWert();
            ct.setWert(wert + 1);
            TestTabelle tt = new TestTabelle();
            tt.setNr(wert);
            manager.persist(tt);
            manager.flush();
            return true;
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    public boolean testCounterMitLock2() {
        try {
            CounterTestVersion ct = manager.find(CounterTestVersion.class, 1);
            manager.lock(ct, LockModeType.WRITE);
            manager.refresh (ct);
            int wert = ct.getWert();
            ct.setWert(wert + 1);
            TestTabelle tt = new TestTabelle();
            tt.setNr(wert);
            manager.persist(tt);
            manager.flush();
            return true;
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    public boolean testCounterMitLock3() {
        try {
            CounterTestVersion ct = manager.find(CounterTestVersion.class, 1, LockModeType.WRITE);
            int wert = ct.getWert();
            ct.setWert(wert + 1);
            TestTabelle tt = new TestTabelle();
            tt.setNr(wert);
            manager.persist(tt);
            manager.flush();
            return true;
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    public boolean testCounterMitLock4() {
        try {
            CounterTestVersion ct = manager.find(CounterTestVersion.class, 1, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE);
            int wert = ct.getWert();
            ct.setWert(wert + 1);
            TestTabelle tt = new TestTabelle();
            tt.setNr(wert);
            manager.persist(tt);
            manager.flush();
            return true;
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    public boolean testCounterMitLock5() {
        try {
            CounterTestVersion ct = manager.find(CounterTestVersion.class, 1, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE);
            manager.flush();
            manager.refresh (ct);
            int wert = ct.getWert();
            ct.setWert(wert + 1);
            TestTabelle tt = new TestTabelle();
            tt.setNr(wert);
            manager.persist(tt);
            manager.flush();
            return true;
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    public boolean testCounterMitVersion() {
        try {
            CounterTestVersion ctv = manager.find(CounterTestVersion.class, 1);
            int wert = ctv.getWert();
            ctv.setWert(wert + 1);
            manager.flush();
            TestTabelle tt = new TestTabelle();
            tt.setNr(wert);
            manager.persist(tt);
            manager.flush();
            return true;
        } catch (OptimisticLockException e) {
            System.out.println(">>> Versionskonflikt !");
            return false;
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            System.out.println(t.getMessage());
            return false;
        }
    }

    public long anzTestZeilen() {
        Query query = manager.createNamedQuery("TestTabelle.anzZeilen");
        Long anzahl = (Long) query.getSingleResult();
        return anzahl;
    }

    public void afterBegin() throws EJBException, RemoteException {
    }

    public void beforeCompletion() throws EJBException, RemoteException {
    }

    public void afterCompletion(boolean committed) throws EJBException,
    RemoteException {
        if (committed)
            commit++;
        else
            rollback++;
        System.out.println("commit/rollback: " + commit + "/" + rollback);
    }
}

远程接口(interface):

package server.kap15;

import javax.ejb.Remote;

@Remote
public interface CounterTestRemote {
    public void initDatenbank();

    public boolean testCounterOhneLock();

    public boolean testCounterMitLock();
    public boolean testCounterMitLock2();
    public boolean testCounterMitLock3();
    public boolean testCounterMitLock4();
    public boolean testCounterMitLock5();

    public boolean testCounterMitVersion();

    public long anzTestZeilen();
}

persistence.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence
        http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd"
    version="1.0">
    <persistence-unit name="JavaEE">
        <jta-data-source>java:DefaultDS</jta-data-source>
    </persistence-unit>
</persistence>

测试客户端:

package client.kap15;

import java.util.Properties;
import javax.naming.*;
import javax.rmi.PortableRemoteObject;
import server.kap15.CounterTestRemote;

public class CounterTestMitLock extends Thread {
    CounterTestRemote ctr;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try
        {
            testMitLock();
            testMitLock2();
            testMitLock3();
            testMitLock4();
            testMitLock5();
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace ();
        }
    }

    static int N = 3;
    static CounterThread[] ct = new CounterThread[N];

    private static void testMitLock () throws InterruptedException
    {
        System.out.println("--- Counter Test MIT Lock ----------------------");
        System.out.println("Testinstanzen erzeugen...");
        for (int i=0; i<N; i++)
            ct[i] = new CounterThreadMitLock();

        runTest ();
    }

    private static void testMitLock2 () throws InterruptedException
    {
        System.out.println("--- Counter Test MIT Lock2 ----------------------");
        System.out.println("Testinstanzen erzeugen...");
        for (int i=0; i<N; i++)
            ct[i] = new CounterThreadMitLock2();

        runTest ();
    }

    private static void testMitLock3 () throws InterruptedException
    {
        System.out.println("--- Counter Test MIT Lock3 ----------------------");
        System.out.println("Testinstanzen erzeugen...");
        for (int i=0; i<N; i++)
            ct[i] = new CounterThreadMitLock3();

        runTest ();
    }

    private static void testMitLock4 () throws InterruptedException
    {
        System.out.println("--- Counter Test MIT Lock4 ----------------------");
        System.out.println("Testinstanzen erzeugen...");
        for (int i=0; i<N; i++)
            ct[i] = new CounterThreadMitLock4();

        runTest ();
    }

    private static void testMitLock5 () throws InterruptedException
    {
        System.out.println("--- Counter Test MIT Lock5 ----------------------");
        System.out.println("Testinstanzen erzeugen...");
        for (int i=0; i<N; i++)
            ct[i] = new CounterThreadMitLock5();

        runTest ();
    }

    private static void runTest () throws InterruptedException
    {
        System.out.println("Datenbank initialisieren...");
        ct[0].ctr.initDatenbank();

        System.out.println("Test durchführen...");
        for (int i=0; i<N; i++)
            ct[i].start();

        System.out.println("Auf Ende warten...");
        for (int i=0; i<N; i++)
            ct[i].join();

        System.out.println("Anzahl eingetragene Zeilen: " + ct[0].ctr.anzTestZeilen());
    }

    private static CounterTestRemote verbinden() {
        try {
            Properties p = new Properties();
            p.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY, "org.jnp.interfaces.NamingContextFactory");
            p.put(Context.URL_PKG_PREFIXES, "org.jboss.naming:org.jnp.interfaces");
            p.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, "jnp://localhost:1099");
            Context ctx = new InitialContext(p);

            Object ref = ctx.lookup("CounterTestBean/remote");
            CounterTestRemote ctr = (CounterTestRemote) PortableRemoteObject.narrow(ref, CounterTestRemote.class);

            return ctr;
        } catch (NamingException e) {
            System.out.println("ERROR - NamingException!");
            System.exit(-1);
        }
        return null;
    }

    public abstract static class CounterThread extends Thread
    {
        protected CounterTestRemote ctr;

        public CounterThread ()
        {
            this.ctr = verbinden ();
        }

        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++)
                test ();
        }

        public abstract void test ();
    }

    public static class CounterThreadMitLock extends CounterThread
    {
        @Override
        public void test ()
        {
            this.ctr.testCounterMitLock();
        }

    }

    public static class CounterThreadMitLock2 extends CounterThread
    {
        @Override
        public void test ()
        {
            this.ctr.testCounterMitLock2();
        }

    }

    public static class CounterThreadMitLock3 extends CounterThread
    {
        @Override
        public void test ()
        {
            this.ctr.testCounterMitLock3();
        }

    }

    public static class CounterThreadMitLock4 extends CounterThread
    {
        @Override
        public void test ()
        {
            this.ctr.testCounterMitLock4();
        }

    }

    public static class CounterThreadMitLock5 extends CounterThread
    {
        @Override
        public void test ()
        {
            this.ctr.testCounterMitLock5();
        }

    }
}

Answer 1

由于所有锁定模式都不起作用，我尝试了 ewernli使用手动 SELECT ... FOR UPDATE 的解决方案。这给出了一个有趣的异常(exception):“意外的 token FOR”。所以我查看了数据库。

JBoss 安装有 Hypersonic 1.8 (HSQLDB) 默认不支持行锁定。亲爱的 JBoss 开发人员:当不支持锁定模式时，JPA 实现应该抛出异常。

所以我添加了一个 Oracle 数据源并更改了我的 persistence.xml。之后，两个测试工作:

        CounterTestVersion ct = manager.find(CounterTestVersion.class, 1, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE);
        int wert = ct.getWert();

和

    Query query = manager.createNativeQuery ("select * from COUNTER_TEST where NR = 1 for update", CounterTestVersion.class);
    CounterTestVersion ct = (CounterTestVersion)query.getSingleResult ();
    int wert = ct.getWert ()+1;

这很有趣。它也应该与 LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT 一起使用。在这种情况下，我在日志中看到了这个错误:

ORA-00054: resource busy and acquire with NOWAIT specified

这发生在调用 manager.find() 中。我不明白为什么两者在加载阶段表现不同。可能是 JBoss 或 Hibernate 中的错误。