java - 如何独立于语言环境在字符串中查找括号？

Question

我需要在 Java String 中找到第一对完整的括号，如果它是非嵌套的，则返回其内容。当前的问题是括号可能在不同的语言环境/语言中由不同的字符表示。

我的第一个想法当然是使用正则表达式。但是，如果使用类似 "\((.*)\)"的东西，要确保当前考虑的匹配中没有嵌套括号似乎相当困难(至少对我而言)，似乎没有Java 匹配器中可用的类括号字符。

因此，我试图更命令式地解决问题，但偶然发现我需要处理的数据是不同语言的，并且根据语言环境的不同，括号中的字符也不同。西文: (), 中文(Locale "zh"): ()

package main;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringReader;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

public class FindParentheses {

    static public Set<String> searchNames(final String string) throws IOException {
        final Set<String> foundName = new HashSet<>();
        final BufferedReader stringReader = new BufferedReader(new StringReader(string));
        for (String line = stringReader.readLine(); line != null; line = stringReader.readLine()) {
            final int indexOfFirstOpeningBrace = line.indexOf('(');
            if (indexOfFirstOpeningBrace > -1) {
                final String afterFirstOpeningParenthesis = line.substring(indexOfFirstOpeningBrace + 1);
                final int indexOfNextOpeningParenthesis = afterFirstOpeningParenthesis.indexOf('(');
                final int indexOfNextClosingParenthesis = afterFirstOpeningParenthesis.indexOf(')');
                /*
                 * If the following condition is fulfilled, there is a simple braced expression
                 * after the found product's short name. Otherwise, there may be an additional
                 * nested pair of braces, or the closing brace may be missing, in which cases the
                 * expression is rejected as a product's long name.
                 */
                if (indexOfNextClosingParenthesis > 0
                    && (indexOfNextClosingParenthesis < indexOfNextOpeningParenthesis
                        || indexOfNextOpeningParenthesis < 0)) {
                    final String content = afterFirstOpeningParenthesis.substring(0, indexOfNextClosingParenthesis);
                    foundName.add(content);
                }
            }
        }
        return foundName;
    }

    public static void main(final String args[]) throws IOException {
        for (final String foundName : searchNames(
            "Something meaningful: shortName1 (LongName 1).\n" +
                "Localization issue here: shortName2 （保险丝2）. This one should be found, too.\n" +
                "Easy again: shortName3 (LongName 3).\n" +
            "Yet more random text...")) {
            System.out.println(foundName);
        }
    }

}

第二个带中文括号的东西没有找到，但是应该有。当然，我可能会匹配这些字符作为额外的特殊情况，但由于我的项目使用 23 种语言，包括韩语和日语，我更喜欢找到任何一对括号的解决方案。

Answer 1

我猜你可能想设计一个表达式，可能类似于:

[(（]\s*([^)）]*)\s*[)）]

您想要的括号在这些字符类中的位置:

[(（]

测试

import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;


public class re{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        final String regex = "[(（]\\s*([^)）]*)\\s*[)）]";
        final String string = "Something meaningful: shortName1 (LongName 1) Localization issue here: shortName2 （保险丝2）. This one should be found, too. Easy again: shortName3 (LongName 3). Yet more random text... Something meaningful: shortName1 (LongName 1) Localization issue here: shortName2 （保险丝2）. This one should be found, too. Easy again: shortName3 (LongName 3). Yet more random text...";

        final Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(regex, Pattern.MULTILINE);
        final Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(string);

        while (matcher.find()) {
            System.out.println("Full match: " + matcher.group(0));
            for (int i = 1; i <= matcher.groupCount(); i++) {
                System.out.println("Group " + i + ": " + matcher.group(i));
            }
        }
    }
}

输出

Full match: (LongName 1)
Group 1: LongName 1
Full match: （保险丝2）
Group 1: 保险丝2
Full match: (LongName 3)
Group 1: LongName 3
Full match: (LongName 1)
Group 1: LongName 1
Full match: （保险丝2）
Group 1: 保险丝2
Full match: (LongName 3)
Group 1: LongName 3

另一种选择是:

(?<=[(（])[^)）]*(?=[)）])    

输出:

Full match: LongName 1
Full match: 保险丝2
Full match: LongName 3
Full match: LongName 1
Full match: 保险丝2
Full match: LongName 3

---

演示

表达式在 regex101.com 的右上面板中进行了解释, 如果你想探索/简化/修改它，在this link ，如果愿意，您可以观察它如何与一些样本输入相匹配。

引用

List of all unicode's open/close brackets?