java - 在构造函数中初始化公共(public)静态最终变量

Question

我正在尝试为我的应用创建一个 Version 类，它将在加载时从 list 中读取版本号，然后仅引用 Version.MAJOR 和这样我在其他地方需要它的地方。但是，我在这样做时遇到了问题。这是我当前的代码:

 public class Version {

    public static final int APPCODE;
    public static final int MAJOR;
    public static final int MINOR;
    public static final char RELEASE;
    public static final int BUILD;

    static {

        try {
            Class clazz = Version.class;
            String className = clazz.getSimpleName() + ".class";
            String classPath = clazz.getResource(className).toString();
            if (classPath.startsWith("jar")) {
                String manifestPath = classPath.substring(0, classPath.lastIndexOf("!") + 1) + "/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF";
                Manifest manifest = new Manifest(new URL(manifestPath).openStream());
                Attributes attr = manifest.getMainAttributes();
                APPCODE = Integer.parseInt(attr.getValue("APPCODE"));
                MAJOR = Integer.parseInt(attr.getValue("MAJOR"));
                MINOR = Integer.parseInt(attr.getValue("MINOR"));
                RELEASE = attr.getValue("RELEASE").charAt(0);
                BUILD = Integer.parseInt(attr.getValue("BUILD"));
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.exit(9001);
        }
    }
}

它不会编译，因为 static final 变量可能没有被初始化(例如，如果加载了错误的 list 或加载它时出现异常)而且我不知道是什么执行此操作的正确程序是。

阅读 this这个问题让我对不使用 public static final 有了一些了解。我是否应该将 public static 与 getter 方法一起使用？

Answer 1

如果您确保始终只对 final 字段赋值一次，编译器会很高兴:

public class Version {

    public static final int APPCODE;
    public static final int MAJOR;
    public static final int MINOR;
    public static final char RELEASE;
    public static final int BUILD;

    static {
        int appcode = 0;
        int major = 0;
        int minor = 0;
        char release = 0;
        int build = 0;
        try {
            Class clazz = Version.class;
            String className = clazz.getSimpleName() + ".class";
            String classPath = clazz.getResource(className).toString();
            if (classPath.startsWith("jar")) {
                String manifestPath = classPath.substring(0,
                        classPath.lastIndexOf("!") + 1)
                        + "/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF";
                Manifest manifest = new Manifest(
                        new URL(manifestPath).openStream());
                Attributes attr = manifest.getMainAttributes();
                appcode = Integer.parseInt(attr.getValue("APPCODE"));
                major = Integer.parseInt(attr.getValue("MAJOR"));
                minor = Integer.parseInt(attr.getValue("MINOR"));
                release = attr.getValue("RELEASE").charAt(0);
                build = Integer.parseInt(attr.getValue("BUILD"));
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.exit(9001);
        }
        APPCODE = appcode;
        MAJOR = major;
        MINOR = minor;
        RELEASE = release;
        BUILD = build;
    }
}