android - 从 android 启动服务时出现权限问题

Question

我编写了一个服务作为应用程序的一部分。我尝试使用以下代码从第二个应用程序调用此服务:

    Intent intent = new Intent () ;
    intent.setClassName("com.test" ,"com.test.DownloadService") ;
    // Create a new Messenger for the communication back
    Messenger messenger = new Messenger(handler);
    intent.putExtra("MESSENGER", messenger);
    intent.setData(Uri.parse("http://www.vogella.com/index.html"));
    intent.putExtra("urlpath", "http://www.vogella.com/index.html");
    this.startService(intent);

它给出以下异常

07-10 09:27:28.819: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(4226): FATAL EXCEPTION: main
    java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{com.inject/com.inject.MyActivity}: java.lang.SecurityException: Not allowed to start service Intent { dat=http://www.vogella.com/index.html cmp=com.test/.DownloadService (has extras) } without permission not exported from uid 10109
    at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1971)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1996)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.access$700(ActivityThread.java:126)
    at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1156)
    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:137)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:4458)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:511)
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:784)
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:551)
    at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
    Caused by: java.lang.SecurityException: Not allowed to start service Intent { dat=http://www.vogella.com/index.html cmp=com.test/.DownloadService (has extras) } without permission not exported from uid 10109
    at android.app.ContextImpl.startService(ContextImpl.java:1122)
    at android.content.ContextWrapper.startService(ContextWrapper.java:359)
    at com.inject.MyActivity.onCreate(MyActivity.java:28)
    at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:4465)
    at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1049)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1935)
    ... 11 more

为什么会出现这个权限问题？

当我从同一个应用程序调用服务时，以下代码完美运行:

    Intent intent = new Intent(this, DownloadService.class);
    // Create a new Messenger for the communication back
    Messenger messenger = new Messenger(handler);
    intent.putExtra("MESSENGER", messenger);
    intent.setData(Uri.parse("http://www.vogella.com/index.html"));
    intent.putExtra("urlpath", "http://www.vogella.com/index.html");
    startService(intent);

尽管我已经在 App2 的 list 中提供了所有必需的权限，但有人可以告诉我为什么当我从其他应用程序调用该服务时会出现此权限问题。

编辑

App2 list

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
      package="com.inject"
      android:versionCode="1"
      android:versionName="1.0">
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="14"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<application android:label="@string/app_name" android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher">
    <activity android:name="MyActivity"
              android:label="@string/app_name">
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/>
        </intent-filter>
    </activity>
</application>
</manifest>

包含服务的 App1 list

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
      package="com.test"
      android:versionCode="1"
      android:versionName="1.0">
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="14"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<application
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name" >
    <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />


        </intent-filter>
    </activity>

    <service android:name="DownloadService" >
    </service>
</application>
</manifest>

Answer 1

该服务对其他应用程序不可用，因为您尚未明确使其可用。您的服务需要这样定义:

<service android:name="DownloadService"
         android:exported="true">
</service>

你不需要任何额外的权限(除非你想使用它们)