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c++ - 有人可以解释关于异常的右值引用吗?

转载 作者:可可西里 更新时间:2023-11-01 16:39:04 25 4
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假设我有这个异常类:

struct MyException : public std::exception
{
MyException(const std::exception &exc) : std::exception(exc)
{
cout << "lval\n";
}
MyException(std::exception &&exc) : std::exception(std::forward<std::exception>(exc))
{
cout << "rval\n";
}
};

...
...

try
{
throw std::exception("Oh no!");
// above is rvalue since it's got no name, what if the throw is made as
// std::exception lvalExc("Oh wierd!");
// throw lvalExc;
// if the throw is made thus, how can it be caught by catch(std::exception &&exc)?
}
catch(std::exception &&rValRef)
{
cout << "rValRef!\n";
throw MyException(std::forward<std::exception>(rValRef));
}

当我尝试按值或 (const) 左值引用进行捕获时。编译器说这些情况已经由右值 ref catch 子句处理,这是可以理解的,因为一个异常(exception)是 xvalue也许捕获 xvalue 的最佳方法是右值引用(如果我错了请纠正我)。但是有人可以解释一下perfect forwarding吗?在上述异常创建的情况下?这是对的吗?即使它编译了,它是否有意义或有用?我使用的 C++ 库是否应该为它的 std::exception 实现移动构造函数以使这种用法真正有意义?我尝试搜索有关异常右值引用的文章和 SO 问题,但找不到任何内容。

最佳答案

实际上,异常处理对于左值和右值有特殊的规则。临时异常对象是一个左值,见当前草案的15.1/3:

A throw-expression initializes a temporary object, called the exception object, the type of which is determined by removing any top-level cv-qualifiers from the static type of the operand of throw and adjusting the type from “array of T” or “function returning T” to “pointer to T” or “pointer to function returning T”, respectively. The temporary is an lvalue and is used to initialize the variable named in the matching handler (15.3). If the type of the exception object would be an incomplete type or a pointer to an incomplete type other than (possibly cv-qualified) void the program is ill-formed. Except for these restrictions and the restrictions on type matching mentioned in 15.3, the operand of throw is treated exactly as a function argument in a call (5.2.2) or the operand of a return statement.

通过右值引用捕获也是非法的,参见 15.3/1:

The exception-declaration in a handler describes the type(s) of exceptions that can cause that handler to be entered. The exception-declaration shall not denote an incomplete type or an rvalue reference type. The exception-declaration shall not denote a pointer or reference to an incomplete type, other than void*, const void*, volatile void*, or const volatile void*.

还有,你好像不太懂完美转发。您的前向调用不比移动更好。完美转发的思想是将参数的值类别编码为类型的一部分,然后让模板参数推导来计算。但是您的异常处理程序不是也不可能是函数模板。

基本上,完美转发依赖于模板参数推导和右值引用:

void inner(const int&);  // #1 takes only lvalues or const rvalues
void inner(int&&); // #2 takes non-const rvalues only

template<class T>
void outer(T && x) {
inner(forward<T>(x));
}

int main() {
int k = 23;
outer(k); // outer<T=int&> --> forward<int&> --> #1
outer(k+2); // outer<T=int> --> forward<int> --> #2
}

根据参数的值类别,模板参数推导将 T 推导为左值引用或普通值类型。由于引用折叠,T&& 在第一种情况下也是一个左值 引用,在第二种情况下也是一个右值 引用。如果你看到 T&& 并且 T 是一个可以推导的模板参数,它基本上是一个“捕获一切”。 std::forward 恢复原始值类别(在 T 中编码),因此我们可以完美地将参数转发给重载的内部函数并选择正确的。但这仅适用于 outer 是一个模板,并且因为根据其值类别确定 T 有特殊规则。如果您使用不带模板/模板参数推导的右值引用(如#2 中所示),该函数将只接受右值。

关于c++ - 有人可以解释关于异常的右值引用吗?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3856445/

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