http - 将 HTTP 重定向到 HTTPS 时如何处理 Nginx 中的 400 错误

Question

我拥有一个网站，例如 HTTP 的 example.com。考虑到安全问题，现在我想将 HTTP 更改为 HTTPS。我希望所有的老客户仍然可以访问我的网站，即使他们使用 example.com 将通过 Nginx 重定向到 https。

当然，我google了很多，然后我的解决方案是:

upstream www {
  server 127.0.0.1:4000;
}
server {
  listen      80;
  listen      443 ssl;
  server_name localhost www example.com;

  ssl on;
  ssl_certificate  /usr/local/etc/docs/example.crt;
  ssl_certificate_key  /usr/local/etc/docs/example.key;

  if ($ssl_protocol = "") {
    rewrite ^ https://$host$request_uri? permanent;
  }

  # below are some other stuff
  # ...
}

但是当我访问 example.com 时，我得到:

400 Bad Request The plain HTTP request was sent to HTTPS port

然后我改变了nginx.conf，看完Redirect in nginx , 并通过 497 配置 error_page:

upstream www {
  server 127.0.0.1:4000;
}
server {
  listen      80;
  listen      443 ssl;
  server_name localhost www example.com;

  ssl on;
  ssl_certificate  /usr/local/etc/docs/example.crt;
  ssl_certificate_key  /usr/local/etc/docs/example.key;

  error_page 497  https://$host$request_uri;

  # below are some other stuff
  # ...
}

然后就可以了，一切正常。但我只是不知道为什么，error_page 的解决方案似乎很奇怪。所以看完Dealing with nginx 400 “The plain HTTP request was sent to HTTPS port” error ，我添加了默认值并删除了 ssl。

upstream www {
  server 127.0.0.1:4000;
}
server {
  listen      80;
  listen      443 default ssl;
  server_name localhost www example.com;

  ssl on;
  ssl_certificate  /usr/local/etc/docs/example.crt;
  ssl_certificate_key  /usr/local/etc/docs/example.key;

  if ($ssl_protocol = "") {
    rewrite ^ https://$host$request_uri? permanent;
  }

  # below are some other stuff
  # ...
}

太棒了!它再次工作。但我不确定:

• 哪个解决方案是正确的？
• 如果两者都正确，哪个对 SEO 更友好？

Answer 1

解决方案 1st 确实有线，来自 http://moz.com/learn/seo/redirection ，可以发现永久重定向更加友好。

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.example.com;
    return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}


server {

  listen      443 default ssl;
  server_name  www example.com;

  ssl on;
  ssl_certificate  /usr/local/etc/docs/example.crt;
  ssl_certificate_key  /usr/local/etc/docs/example.key;



  # below are some other stuff
  # ...
}