c++ - 成员函数实例化

Question

以下在 GCC 4.8.1 上编译(使用 --std=c++11 ):

struct non_default_constructible { non_default_constructible() = delete; };

template<class T>
struct dummy {
    T new_t() { return T(); }
};

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    dummy<non_default_constructible> d;
    return 0;
}

棘手的部分是 dummy<non_default_constructible>::new_t()显然格式不正确，但这不会阻止编译器实例化 dummy<non_default_constructible> .

这是标准规定的行为吗？相关的部分/关键字是什么？

Answer 1

类模板的成员函数仅在上下文需要时才实例化，这意味着在尝试使用 new_t() 之前您不会看到任何错误。 . C++ 标准的相关部分是:

§ 14.7.1 Implicit instantiation [temp.inst]

3. Unless a function template specialization has been explicitly instantiated or explicitly specialized, the function template specialization is implicitly instantiated when the specialization is referenced in a context that requires a function definition to exist. Unless a call is to a function template explicit specialization or to a member function of an explicitly specialized class template, a default argument for a function template or a member function of a class template is implicitly instantiated when the function is called in a context that requires the value of the default argument.

4. [ Example:

   template<class T> struct Z {
     void f();
     void g();
   };
   
   void h() {
     Z<int> a;     // instantiation of class Z<int> required
     Z<char>* p;   // instantiation of class Z<char> not required
     Z<double>* q; // instantiation of class Z<double> not required
     a.f();        // instantiation of Z<int>::f() required
     p->g();       // instantiation of class Z<char> required, and
                   // instantiation of Z<char>::g() required
   }
   

   Nothing in this example requires class Z<double>, Z<int>::g(), or Z<char>::f() to be implicitly instantiated. — end example ]