C++:STL multimap.equal_range()

Question

我有这段代码，但我无法理解 equal_range 方法返回迭代器的部分。我知道范围是 pair 对象，里面有两个 multimap 对象，但我不明白的是为什么有 'for (it = range.first; it != range.second;++it)' - 这到底是什么意思？

// multmap.cpp -- use a multimap
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <algorithm>

typedef int KeyType;
typedef std::pair<const KeyType, std::string> Pair;
typedef std::multimap<KeyType, std::string> MapCode;

int main()
{
using namespace std;
MapCode codes;
codes.insert(Pair(415, "San Francisco"));
codes.insert(Pair(510, "Oakland"));
codes.insert(Pair(718, "Brooklyn"));
 codes.insert(Pair(718, "Staten Island"));
  codes.insert(Pair(415, "San Rafael"));
  codes.insert(Pair(510, "Berkeley"));

  cout << "Number of cities with area code 415: "
    << codes.count(415) << endl;
  cout << "Number of cities with area code 718: "
    << codes.count(718) << endl;
  cout << "Number of cities with area code 510: "
    << codes.count(510) << endl;
  cout << "Area Code City\n";

  MapCode::iterator it;
  for (it = codes.begin(); it != codes.end(); ++it)
  cout << " " << (*it).first << " "
  << (*it).second << endl;

  pair<MapCode::iterator, MapCode::iterator> range
        = codes.equal_range(718);

  cout << "Cities with area code 718:\n";
  for (it = range.first; it != range.second; ++it) //<------------------ here
  cout << (*it).second << endl;
    return 0;
}

Answer 1

equal_range 的结果，即您的 range 对象，是两个迭代器 [beginning-of-range,范围结束)。所以你想迭代 [range.first, range.second):

auto range = m.equal_range(4);

+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 |    =:   m
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
            ^               ^
            |               |
       range.first    range.second