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windows - 使用 DrawText 或类似函数渲染下标

转载 作者:可可西里 更新时间:2023-11-01 14:37:04 25 4
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问题很简单。如何将以下文本绘制到 TStringGrid 单元格中?

enter image description here

操作系统是 Windows XP(或 Windows Vista 或 Windows 7)。首选开发环境是 C++ Builder 6,但我也接受 Delphi 的 C++ Builder XE 解决方案。首选的 API 函数是 DrawText,但如果存在比这更好的函数也没问题。字体名称是Times New Roman,字体大小是11。目前我正在使用这种方法来呈现单元格内容(简体):

void __fastcall TForm_Main::StringGrid_DrawCell(TObject *Sender,
int ACol, int ARow, TRect &Rect, TGridDrawState State)
{
TStringGrid *grid = (TStringGrid*)Sender;
if (grid == NULL) return;

// 1. BACKGROUND
grid->Canvas->Brush->Color = grid->Color;
grid->Canvas->FillRect(Rect);

// 2. TEXT
grid->Canvas->Font->Assign(grid->Font); // Times New Roman, 11pt

// horizontal centering
RECT RText = static_cast<RECT>(Rect);
AnsiString text = grid->Cells[ACol][ARow];
if (!text.IsEmpty()) {
int text_len = strlen(text.c_str());
SIZE size;
memset(&size, 0, sizeof(SIZE));
GetTextExtentPoint32(grid->Canvas->Handle, text.c_str(), text_len, &size);
int offset_x = (Rect.Width() - size.cx) >> 1;
RText.left += offset_x; RText.right += offset_x;

// rendering
DrawText(grid->Canvas->Handle, text.c_str(), text_len, &RText, DT_LEFT | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE);
}
}

一些字符具有下标字形作为特殊的 unicode 字符(例如,代码 0x2081 被分配给下标 1)但不幸的是,大写字母 U 不是这种情况。此外,并非所有字体都支持这些字符(例如 Times New Roman 字体)不支持代码范围 0x2070 - 209F),请参阅 this维基百科文章。我正在寻找更通用的解决方案,例如 Microsoft Word 实现的解决方案。 MS Word 使用 Times New Roman 字体将大写字母 U 呈现为下标没有问题。

最佳答案

如果你想让一些字符呈现为上标,你必须在它前面加上 ^。同样,下标字符必须以 _ 为前缀。

void __fastcall TForm_Main::StringGrid_DrawCell(TObject *Sender, int ACol, int ARow, TRect &Rect, TGridDrawState State)
{
TStringGrid *grid = (TStringGrid*)Sender;
if (grid == NULL)
{
return;
}
WideString wtext = L"φ_U = 120";
if (wtext.IsEmpty()) return;

// layout
SIZE size;
memset(&size, 0, sizeof(SIZE));
SSGetTextExtentPoint(grid->Canvas, wtext, size);
int offset_x = (Rect.Width() - size.cx + 1) >> 1; // horizontal centering
RECT RText = static_cast<RECT>(Rect);
RText.left += offset_x;
RText.right += offset_x;

// rendering
SetBkMode(grid->Canvas->Handle, TRANSPARENT);
SSDrawText(grid->Canvas, wtext, RText, DT_LEFT);
}

int TForm_Main::SSGetTextExtentPoint(TCanvas *canvas, WideString text, SIZE &size)
{
// Source: http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/12660/Using-Subscripts-and-Superscripts-When-Showing-Tex
SaveDC(canvas->Handle);

SIZE sz;
RECT outRect =
{0, 0, 0, 0};

HFONT oldFont;

LOGFONT lf;
GetObject(canvas->Font->Handle, sizeof(LOGFONT), &lf);

POINT sub, sup, subofs, supofs;

// Calculate subscript/superscript size and offsets
bool use_pixel_unit = false;
if (lf.lfHeight < 0)
{
lf.lfHeight = MulDiv(-lf.lfHeight, 72, GetDeviceCaps(canvas->Handle, LOGPIXELSY));
use_pixel_unit = true;
}
sub.x = lf.lfWidth / 2;
sup.x = lf.lfWidth / 2;
sub.y = lf.lfHeight / 3 * 2;
sup.y = lf.lfHeight / 3 * 2;

subofs.x = lf.lfWidth / 2;
supofs.x = lf.lfWidth / 2;
subofs.y = lf.lfHeight / 6;
supofs.y = lf.lfHeight / 3;

lf.lfWidth = sub.x;
lf.lfHeight = sub.y;
if (use_pixel_unit)
{
lf.lfHeight = -MulDiv(lf.lfHeight, GetDeviceCaps(canvas->Handle, LOGPIXELSY), 72);
}
HFONT SubFont;
SubFont = CreateFontIndirect(&lf);

lf.lfWidth = sup.x;
lf.lfHeight = sup.y;
HFONT SupFont;
if (use_pixel_unit)
{
lf.lfHeight = -MulDiv(lf.lfHeight, GetDeviceCaps(canvas->Handle, LOGPIXELSY), 72);
}
SupFont = CreateFontIndirect(&lf);

WideString temp = text;
TCHAR c;

// Calculate the size of the text that needs to be displayed
do
{
int x1 = 1, x2 = 1, x = 1;
WideString s = "";
c = ' ';
bool bFind = true;

// Find the first "^" or "_", indicating the sub- or superscript
while (bFind)
{
x1 = text.Pos(L"^");
x2 = text.Pos(L"_");
if ((x1 == 0) && (x2 == 0))
{
x = 0;
}
else if ((x1 > 0) && (x2 > 0))
{
x = min(x1, x2);
}
else if (x1 > 0)
{
x = x1;
}
else
{
x = x2;
}
if (x == 0)
{
bFind = false;
x = text.Length() + 1;
}
else if (x == text.Length())
{
bFind = false;
}
else if (text[x] != text[x + 1])
{
bFind = false;
c = text[x];
}
else
{
x++;
}
s = s + text.SubString(1, x - 1);
text.Delete(1, min(x, text.Length()));
}
sz = canvas->TextExtent(s);
outRect.right += sz.cx;
if ((outRect.bottom - outRect.top) < sz.cy)
{
outRect.top = outRect.bottom - sz.cy;
}

switch (c)
{
case '^':
oldFont = (HFONT)SelectObject(canvas->Handle, SupFont);
GetTextExtentPoint32W(canvas->Handle, text.c_bstr(), 1, &sz);
outRect.right += sz.cx + supofs.x;
text.Delete(1, 1);
SelectObject(canvas->Handle, oldFont);
break;
case '_':
oldFont = (HFONT)SelectObject(canvas->Handle, SubFont);
GetTextExtentPoint32W(canvas->Handle, text.c_bstr(), 1, &sz);
outRect.right += sz.cx + subofs.x;
text.Delete(1, 1);
SelectObject(canvas->Handle, oldFont);
break;
}
}
while (c != ' ');

// Adjust text position
outRect.bottom += subofs.y;
outRect.top -= subofs.x;

size.cx = outRect.right - outRect.left;
size.cy = outRect.bottom - outRect.top;

DeleteObject(SubFont);
DeleteObject(SupFont);
// Done, restoring the device context
RestoreDC(canvas->Handle, -1);
return 0;
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
int TForm_Main::SSDrawText(TCanvas *canvas, WideString text, RECT &drawRect, int justification)
{
// Source: http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/12660/Using-Subscripts-and-Superscripts-When-Showing-Tex
SaveDC(canvas->Handle);

SIZE sz;
RECT outRect =
{0, 0, 0, 0};

HFONT oldFont;
LOGFONT lf;
GetObject(canvas->Font->Handle, sizeof(LOGFONT), &lf);

POINT sub, sup, subofs, supofs;
bool contains_subscript = false;
bool contains_superscript = false;

// Calculate subscript/superscript size and offsets
bool use_pixel_unit = false;
if (lf.lfHeight < 0)
{
lf.lfHeight = MulDiv(-lf.lfHeight, 72, GetDeviceCaps(canvas->Handle, LOGPIXELSY));
use_pixel_unit = true;
}

sub.x = (lf.lfWidth + 1) >> 1;
sup.x = (lf.lfWidth + 1) >> 1;
sub.y = (lf.lfHeight << 1) / 3;
sup.y = (lf.lfHeight << 1) / 3;
if (lf.lfHeight == 10)
{
sub.y++; // make subscript a little larger
}

subofs.x = (lf.lfWidth + 1) >> 1;
supofs.x = (lf.lfWidth + 1) >> 1;
subofs.y = (lf.lfHeight + 3) / 6;
supofs.y = (lf.lfHeight) / 3;

long sub_shift_down = lf.lfHeight - sub.y;

lf.lfWidth = sub.x;
lf.lfHeight = sub.y;
if (use_pixel_unit)
{
lf.lfHeight = -MulDiv(lf.lfHeight, GetDeviceCaps(canvas->Handle, LOGPIXELSY), 72);
}
HFONT SubFont;
SubFont = CreateFontIndirect(&lf);

lf.lfWidth = sup.x;
lf.lfHeight = sup.y;
if (use_pixel_unit)
{
lf.lfHeight = -MulDiv(lf.lfHeight, GetDeviceCaps(canvas->Handle, LOGPIXELSY), 72);
}
HFONT SupFont;
SupFont = CreateFontIndirect(&lf);

WideString temp = text;
TCHAR c;

// Calculate the size of the text that needs to be displayed
do
{
int x1 = 1, x2 = 1, x = 1;
WideString s = "";
c = ' ';
bool bFind = true;

// Find the first "^" or "_", indicating the sub- or superscript
while (bFind)
{
x1 = text.Pos(L"^");
x2 = text.Pos(L"_");
if ((x1 == 0) && (x2 == 0))
{
x = 0;
}
else if ((x1 > 0) && (x2 > 0))
{
x = min(x1, x2);
}
else if (x1 > 0)
{
x = x1;
}
else
{
x = x2;
}
if (x == 0)
{
bFind = false;
x = text.Length() + 1;
}
else if (x == text.Length())
{
bFind = false;
}
else if (text[x] != text[x + 1])
{
bFind = false;
c = text[x];
}
else
{
x++;
}
s = s + text.SubString(1, x - 1);
text.Delete(1, min(x, text.Length()));
}
sz = canvas->TextExtent(s);
outRect.right += sz.cx;
if ((outRect.bottom - outRect.top) < sz.cy)
{
outRect.top = outRect.bottom - sz.cy;
}

switch (c)
{
case '^':
oldFont = (HFONT)SelectObject(canvas->Handle, SupFont);
GetTextExtentPoint32W(canvas->Handle, text.c_bstr(), 1, &sz);
outRect.right += sz.cx + supofs.x;
text.Delete(1, 1);
SelectObject(canvas->Handle, oldFont);
contains_superscript = true;
break;
case '_':
oldFont = (HFONT)SelectObject(canvas->Handle, SubFont);
GetTextExtentPoint32W(canvas->Handle, text.c_bstr(), 1, &sz);
outRect.right += sz.cx + subofs.x;
text.Delete(1, 1);
SelectObject(canvas->Handle, oldFont);
contains_subscript = true;
break;
}
}
while (c != ' ');

// Adjust text position
if (contains_subscript)
{
outRect.bottom += subofs.y;
}
if (contains_superscript)
{
outRect.top -= supofs.y;
}
POINT Origin;
Origin.y = drawRect.top + (((drawRect.bottom - drawRect.top) - (outRect.bottom - outRect.top) + 1) >> 1);

switch (justification)
{
case DT_CENTER:
Origin.x = (drawRect.right - drawRect.left) / 2 - (outRect.right - outRect.left) / 2 + drawRect.left;
break;
case DT_LEFT:
Origin.x = drawRect.left;
break;
case DT_RIGHT:
Origin.x = drawRect.right - (outRect.right - outRect.left);
}

POINT pnt = Origin;

text = temp;

// Draw text
do
{
int x1 = 1, x2 = 1, x = 1;
WideString s = "";
c = ' ';
bool bFind = true;

// Find the first "^" or "_", indicating the sub- or superscript
while (bFind)
{
x = text.Pos(L"^_");
x1 = text.Pos(L"^");
x2 = text.Pos(L"_");
if ((x1 == 0) && (x2 == 0))
{
x = 0;
}
else if ((x1 > 0) && (x2 > 0))
{
x = min(x1, x2);
}
else if (x1 > 0)
{
x = x1;
}
else
{
x = x2;
}
if (x == 0)
{
bFind = false;
x = text.Length() + 1;
}
else if (x == text.Length())
{
bFind = false;
}
else if (text[x] != text[x + 1])
{
bFind = false;
c = text[x];
}
else
{
x++;
}
s = s + text.SubString(1, x - 1);
text.Delete(1, min(x, text.Length()));
}
// Draw main text
ExtTextOutW(canvas->Handle, pnt.x, pnt.y, 0, &drawRect, s.c_bstr(), s.Length(), NULL);
GetTextExtentPoint32W(canvas->Handle, s.c_bstr(), s.Length(), &sz);
pnt.x += sz.cx;

// Draw subscript or superscript
switch (c)
{
case '^':
oldFont = (HFONT)SelectObject(canvas->Handle, SupFont);
ExtTextOutW(canvas->Handle, pnt.x + supofs.x, pnt.y - supofs.y, 0, &drawRect, text.c_bstr(), 1, NULL);
GetTextExtentPoint32W(canvas->Handle, text.c_bstr(), 1, &sz);
pnt.x += sz.cx + supofs.x;
text.Delete(1, 1);
SelectObject(canvas->Handle, oldFont);
break;
case '_':
oldFont = (HFONT)SelectObject(canvas->Handle, SubFont);
ExtTextOutW(canvas->Handle, pnt.x + subofs.x, pnt.y + subofs.y + sub_shift_down, 0, &drawRect, text.c_bstr(), 1, NULL);
GetTextExtentPoint32W(canvas->Handle, text.c_bstr(), 1, &sz);
pnt.x += sz.cx + subofs.x;
text.Delete(1, 1);
SelectObject(canvas->Handle, oldFont);
break;
}
}
while (c != ' ');

DeleteObject(SubFont);
DeleteObject(SupFont);
// Done, restoring the device context
RestoreDC(canvas->Handle, -1);
return 0;
}

关于windows - 使用 DrawText 或类似函数渲染下标,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9361313/

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