php cookie 和 session 变量和 ip 地址

Question

我之前发布过类似的问题，但从未真正得到对我有帮助的答案，所以我想再试一次。作为免责声明，我知道此处的许多信息并未遵循完美的编码实践，但仅供练习之用。我已经尝试了一百万件事，但似乎没有任何效果，因为我不确定一切应该去哪里!我迫切需要一些(任何!)帮助，如果您能提供任何帮助，请提前致谢!

我正在尝试创建一个简单的表单/页面，它使用一些基本的 cookie 和 session 内容来生成一些特定于用户的数据。在遇到一些我无法解决的问题之前，我进展顺利。在我的第一页上，一切都很好，除了我只想要用户正在使用的浏览器的名称。 (例如，我只想要简单的标题:Firefox 而不是整个长版本的浏览器。)我已经看到这样做了，所以我认为这是可能的，我只是不知道该怎么做!

我真正的问题就在这里出现，因为我不确定如何将 IP 地址、浏览器信息和当前日期/时间(我希望在第 2 页上显示)存储为 session 变量。尝试了一些我发现的东西，但我认为我做的不对。

我还不断尝试将用户名和密码分别存储为两个单独的 cookie...有什么建议吗？最后，我需要做什么才能使位置 header (用于调用 form_data.php)具有输出缓冲？

(不确定这是否有帮助，考虑到我可能做错了一切!大声笑)这是我的代码的完全精简版。试图发布我最干净的版本，即使它没有太多信息，以便您可以轻松地看到我正在尝试做什么。

主文件代码:

<?php 
header('Location: form_data.php'); 


 setcookie('username', $_POST['username']); 
 setcookie('password', $_POST['password']); 
 //I know this isn't working.   
 //honestly I just left this in here as to show where I had been 
 //trying to save the cookie data. Pretty obvious how bad my 
 //trial and error with this went! 

 } 
?> 


<?php 

 $_SESSION['ip'] = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']; 
echo " By the way, your IP address is: </b>".$_SESSION['ip']."<br />"; 
 echo " You already know this, but the browser you are currently using 
 to view this page is:<br/>";  //What is the correct function that I should be using here? 
 echo "<form action=\"form_data.php\" method=\"post\">"; 
 echo "username:<input type=\"text\" name=\"username\" size=\"20\" value=\"\"><br/>"; 
 echo "password:<input type=\"password\" name=\"password\" size=\"20\" value=\"\"><br/>"; 
 echo "<input type=\"submit\" value=\"Submit, please\" />"; 
 echo "<br /><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"submitted\" value=\"true\" />"; 
 ?> 

表单数据.php

  <?php 

   echo "Hello, ".$username;//I'm trying to get the cookie data for the username 
   echo "Your password is ".$password; //Samething here (want cookie data) 
   echo "The date and time you entered this form is: ".date("F j, Y")." -- ".date("g:i a"); 
   echo "<br/>Your IP:".$_SESSION['ip'] = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']; 
   echo "<br/>Your broswer:".;//I want full broswer data here...dont know how to do it. 
   //Overall, was this the way to get the session variables for IP, date/time and browser? 
   echo  "Thank you for filling out this form!"; 
   ?> 

Answer 1

要获取浏览器，请使用 get_browser()功能:

$browserinfo = get_browser($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']);
$browsername = $browserinfo['browser'];

您的 session 和 cookie 存储永远不会工作，因为您在尝试设置 cookie 之前进行了 header("Location"); 调用。在设置 cookie 或建立 session 之前，您不能发送任何输出。

在任何输出到屏幕之前，调用session_start();

// attach to your session (or create if it doesn't exist)
// You must call session_start() on every page where you intend to access or set session vars
// and it must be called before any output (including whitespace at the top)
session_start();

// Store some stuff...
$_SESSION['ip'] = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];

// Store user info in session, not cookie
$_SESSION['username'] = $_POST['username'];

// Set a cookie
// Not a super secure token, but better than user/pass in cookies.
// Point here is just to show that it must be done before any output or before the redirection header.
$_SESSION['token'] = sha1(time() . rand() . $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']);
setcookie('token', $_SESSION['token']);
// In practice, you'd want to store this token in a database with the username so it's persistent.

// Now do the redirection:
// Supposed to be an absolute URL by the HTTP spec
header("Location: http://example.com/form_data.php");

// exit right after the redirection to prevent further processing.
exit();

---

评论后的附录

在您工作时，确保 PHP 在屏幕上显示所有错误。当您的代码进入实时公共(public)服务器时，请务必关闭 display_errors。

error_reporting(E_ALL);
ini_set('display_errors', 1);

如您在问题中所说您不知道如何从 cookie 中检索值，请使用 $_COOKIE 超全局:

// On the page that sets it...
setcookie('somename', 'somevalue', expiry, domain);

// On the page that retrieves it...
echo $_COOKIE['somename'];