php - iconv 在使用 libiconv 时将重音符号与字母分开

Question

我正在尝试创建一个函数来返回不带重音符号的给定字符串，但是 iconv 的 //TRANSLIT 选项似乎只是在不删除重音符号的情况下将重音符号和字母分开。

这是我的功能:

<?php
function strRemoveAccents($str)
{
    return iconv(mb_detect_encoding($str), 'us-ascii//TRANSLIT', $str);
}

这是我的结果:

• 测试 1

  • 输入:Athènes
  • 预期输出:Athenes
  • 当前输出:Ath`enes

• 测试 2

  • 输入:格但斯克
  • 预期产出:格但斯克
  • 当前输出:Gda'nsk

• 测试 3

  • 输入:niño
  • 预期输出:nino
  • 当前输出:ni~no

一些精度:

• mb_detect_encoding 为我的所有测试返回“UTF-8”，用它的返回值替换函数不会改变任何东西。
• 我的语言环境当前设置为 LC_COLLATE=C;LC_CTYPE=French_France.1252;LC_MONETARY=C;LC_NUMERIC=C;LC_TIME=C
• 我还尝试将语言环境更改为 en_US.UTF-8(我检查过:语言环境已成功更新)，但函数的返回值仍然相同
• 在默认区域设置为 c/fr_FR.UTF-8/c/c/c/c 的 Macbook 上进行测试，问题仍然相同。
• 我可以删除重音符号，但由于我将在整个句子中使用该方法，所以我不想删除不需要的撇号。
• 编辑:使用 this sandbox 进行测试时, 我得到了我想要的结果。

我可能遗漏了什么，但我没看到什么。

编辑:正如@jasonwubz 在他的回答中提到的，问题仅在使用 libinconv 时出现，而在使用 glibc 时不出现。在使用这些实现中的任何一个时，有没有办法让它工作？

Answer 1

变音符号的问题在于它们根据语言进行不同的处理，例如在阿拉伯语中，变音符号被认为是一个具有自己的 Unicode 代码点的字符，当它们加入阿拉伯字母时它们仍然是一个不同的字符父字母，例如，这是一个 Meem 字母 "م"，这是一个 Dammah Diacritic "ُ" 当 Dammah 加入 Meem 时，它们将是 2字符串中的字符。 That is why you can post nearly empty posts on SE network with these types of diacritics

因此从字符串中删除这些变音符号就像搜索这些 ~8 变音符号并将它们替换为空字符串一样简单，同时保持父字母不变。

$withoutDiacritic = str_replace(['ٌ','ُ','ً','َ','ٍ'], "", $string);

拉丁字符的问题是不同的，当一个变音符号加入一个字母时，它们会产生一个带有它自己的 Unicode 代码点的字母字符。例如，当您将变音符号加入字母 "e" 时，它将被转换为另一个 Unicode 字符 "è"，因此您不能应用我们在阿拉伯变音符号中所做的事情通过搜索变音符号并将其删除，您必须搜索 "è" 字符并将其替换为 "e"，这就是 node diacritics

我做了一个 PHP 版本的 node diacritics ，不要忘记为这些人加注星标，因为他们完成了所有繁重的工作。

<?php

namespace PHPDiacritics;

class PHPDiacritics
{

    protected $replacementList = [
        ["base" => " ", "chars" => '"\u00A0"'],
        ["base" => "0", "chars" => '"\u07C0"'],
        ["base" => "A", "chars" => '"\u24B6\uFF21\u00C0\u00C1\u00C2\u1EA6\u1EA4\u1EAA\u1EA8\u00C3\u0100\u0102\u1EB0\u1EAE\u1EB4\u1EB2\u0226\u01E0\u00C4\u01DE\u1EA2\u00C5\u01FA\u01CD\u0200\u0202\u1EA0\u1EAC\u1EB6\u1E00\u0104\u023A\u2C6F"'],
        ["base" => "AA", "chars" => '"\uA732"'],
        ["base" => "AE", "chars" => '"\u00C6\u01FC\u01E2"'],
        ["base" => "AO", "chars" => '"\uA734"'],
        ["base" => "AU", "chars" => '"\uA736"'],
        ["base" => "AV", "chars" => '"\uA738\uA73A"'],
        ["base" => "AY", "chars" => '"\uA73C"'],
        ["base" => "B", "chars" => '"\u24B7\uFF22\u1E02\u1E04\u1E06\u0243\u0181"'],
        ["base" => "C", "chars" => '"\u24b8\uff23\uA73E\u1E08\u0106\u0043\u0108\u010A\u010C\u00C7\u0187\u023B"'],
        ["base" => "D", "chars" => '"\u24B9\uFF24\u1E0A\u010E\u1E0C\u1E10\u1E12\u1E0E\u0110\u018A\u0189\u1D05\uA779"'],
        ["base" => "Dh", "chars" => '"\u00D0"'],
        ["base" => "DZ", "chars" => '"\u01F1\u01C4"'],
        ["base" => "Dz", "chars" => '"\u01F2\u01C5"'],
        ["base" => "E", "chars" => '"\u025B\u24BA\uFF25\u00C8\u00C9\u00CA\u1EC0\u1EBE\u1EC4\u1EC2\u1EBC\u0112\u1E14\u1E16\u0114\u0116\u00CB\u1EBA\u011A\u0204\u0206\u1EB8\u1EC6\u0228\u1E1C\u0118\u1E18\u1E1A\u0190\u018E\u1D07"'],
        ["base" => "F", "chars" => '"\uA77C\u24BB\uFF26\u1E1E\u0191\uA77B"'],
        ["base" => "G", "chars" => '"\u24BC\uFF27\u01F4\u011C\u1E20\u011E\u0120\u01E6\u0122\u01E4\u0193\uA7A0\uA77D\uA77E\u0262"'],
        ["base" => "H", "chars" => '"\u24BD\uFF28\u0124\u1E22\u1E26\u021E\u1E24\u1E28\u1E2A\u0126\u2C67\u2C75\uA78D"'],
        ["base" => "I", "chars" => '"\u24BE\uFF29\u00CC\u00CD\u00CE\u0128\u012A\u012C\u0130\u00CF\u1E2E\u1EC8\u01CF\u0208\u020A\u1ECA\u012E\u1E2C\u0197"'],
        ["base" => "J", "chars" => '"\u24BF\uFF2A\u0134\u0248\u0237"'],
        ["base" => "K", "chars" => '"\u24C0\uFF2B\u1E30\u01E8\u1E32\u0136\u1E34\u0198\u2C69\uA740\uA742\uA744\uA7A2"'],
        ["base" => "L", "chars" => '"\u24C1\uFF2C\u013F\u0139\u013D\u1E36\u1E38\u013B\u1E3C\u1E3A\u0141\u023D\u2C62\u2C60\uA748\uA746\uA780"'],
        ["base" => "LJ", "chars" => '"\u01C7"'],
        ["base" => "Lj", "chars" => '"\u01C8"'],
        ["base" => "M", "chars" => '"\u24C2\uFF2D\u1E3E\u1E40\u1E42\u2C6E\u019C\u03FB"'],
        ["base" => "N", "chars" => '"\uA7A4\u0220\u24C3\uFF2E\u01F8\u0143\u00D1\u1E44\u0147\u1E46\u0145\u1E4A\u1E48\u019D\uA790\u1D0E"'],
        ["base" => "NJ", "chars" => '"\u01CA"'],
        ["base" => "Nj", "chars" => '"\u01CB"'],
        ["base" => "O", "chars" => '"\u24C4\uFF2F\u00D2\u00D3\u00D4\u1ED2\u1ED0\u1ED6\u1ED4\u00D5\u1E4C\u022C\u1E4E\u014C\u1E50\u1E52\u014E\u022E\u0230\u00D6\u022A\u1ECE\u0150\u01D1\u020C\u020E\u01A0\u1EDC\u1EDA\u1EE0\u1EDE\u1EE2\u1ECC\u1ED8\u01EA\u01EC\u00D8\u01FE\u0186\u019F\uA74A\uA74C"'],
        ["base" => "OE", "chars" => '"\u0152"'],
        ["base" => "OI", "chars" => '"\u01A2"'],
        ["base" => "OO", "chars" => '"\uA74E"'],
        ["base" => "OU", "chars" => '"\u0222"'],
        ["base" => "P", "chars" => '"\u24C5\uFF30\u1E54\u1E56\u01A4\u2C63\uA750\uA752\uA754"'],
        ["base" => "Q", "chars" => '"\u24C6\uFF31\uA756\uA758\u024A"'],
        ["base" => "R", "chars" => '"\u24C7\uFF32\u0154\u1E58\u0158\u0210\u0212\u1E5A\u1E5C\u0156\u1E5E\u024C\u2C64\uA75A\uA7A6\uA782"'],
        ["base" => "S", "chars" => '"\u24C8\uFF33\u1E9E\u015A\u1E64\u015C\u1E60\u0160\u1E66\u1E62\u1E68\u0218\u015E\u2C7E\uA7A8\uA784"'],
        ["base" => "T", "chars" => '"\u24C9\uFF34\u1E6A\u0164\u1E6C\u021A\u0162\u1E70\u1E6E\u0166\u01AC\u01AE\u023E\uA786"'],
        ["base" => "Th", "chars" => '"\u00DE"'],
        ["base" => "TZ", "chars" => '"\uA728"'],
        ["base" => "U", "chars" => '"\u24CA\uFF35\u00D9\u00DA\u00DB\u0168\u1E78\u016A\u1E7A\u016C\u00DC\u01DB\u01D7\u01D5\u01D9\u1EE6\u016E\u0170\u01D3\u0214\u0216\u01AF\u1EEA\u1EE8\u1EEE\u1EEC\u1EF0\u1EE4\u1E72\u0172\u1E76\u1E74\u0244"'],
        ["base" => "V", "chars" => '"\u24CB\uFF36\u1E7C\u1E7E\u01B2\uA75E\u0245"'],
        ["base" => "VY", "chars" => '"\uA760"'],
        ["base" => "W", "chars" => '"\u24CC\uFF37\u1E80\u1E82\u0174\u1E86\u1E84\u1E88\u2C72"'],
        ["base" => "X", "chars" => '"\u24CD\uFF38\u1E8A\u1E8C"'],
        ["base" => "Y", "chars" => '"\u24CE\uFF39\u1EF2\u00DD\u0176\u1EF8\u0232\u1E8E\u0178\u1EF6\u1EF4\u01B3\u024E\u1EFE"'],
        ["base" => "Z", "chars" => '"\u24CF\uFF3A\u0179\u1E90\u017B\u017D\u1E92\u1E94\u01B5\u0224\u2C7F\u2C6B\uA762"'],
        ["base" => "a", "chars" => '"\u24D0\uFF41\u1E9A\u00E0\u00E1\u00E2\u1EA7\u1EA5\u1EAB\u1EA9\u00E3\u0101\u0103\u1EB1\u1EAF\u1EB5\u1EB3\u0227\u01E1\u00E4\u01DF\u1EA3\u00E5\u01FB\u01CE\u0201\u0203\u1EA1\u1EAD\u1EB7\u1E01\u0105\u2C65\u0250\u0251"'],
        ["base" => "aa", "chars" => '"\uA733"'],
        ["base" => "ae", "chars" => '"\u00E6\u01FD\u01E3"'],
        ["base" => "ao", "chars" => '"\uA735"'],
        ["base" => "au", "chars" => '"\uA737"'],
        ["base" => "av", "chars" => '"\uA739\uA73B"'],
        ["base" => "ay", "chars" => '"\uA73D"'],
        ["base" => "b", "chars" => '"\u24D1\uFF42\u1E03\u1E05\u1E07\u0180\u0183\u0253\u0182"'],
        ["base" => "c", "chars" => '"\uFF43\u24D2\u0107\u0109\u010B\u010D\u00E7\u1E09\u0188\u023C\uA73F\u2184"'],
        ["base" => "d", "chars" => '"\u24D3\uFF44\u1E0B\u010F\u1E0D\u1E11\u1E13\u1E0F\u0111\u018C\u0256\u0257\u018B\u13E7\u0501\uA7AA"'],
        ["base" => "dh", "chars" => '"\u00F0"'],
        ["base" => "dz", "chars" => '"\u01F3\u01C6"'],
        ["base" => "e", "chars" => '"\u24D4\uFF45\u00E8\u00E9\u00EA\u1EC1\u1EBF\u1EC5\u1EC3\u1EBD\u0113\u1E15\u1E17\u0115\u0117\u00EB\u1EBB\u011B\u0205\u0207\u1EB9\u1EC7\u0229\u1E1D\u0119\u1E19\u1E1B\u0247\u01DD"'],
        ["base" => "f", "chars" => '"\u24D5\uFF46\u1E1F\u0192"'],
        ["base" => "ff", "chars" => '"\uFB00"'],
        ["base" => "fi", "chars" => '"\uFB01"'],
        ["base" => "fl", "chars" => '"\uFB02"'],
        ["base" => "ffi", "chars" => '"\uFB03"'],
        ["base" => "ffl", "chars" => '"\uFB04"'],
        ["base" => "g", "chars" => '"\u24D6\uFF47\u01F5\u011D\u1E21\u011F\u0121\u01E7\u0123\u01E5\u0260\uA7A1\uA77F\u1D79"'],
        ["base" => "h", "chars" => '"\u24D7\uFF48\u0125\u1E23\u1E27\u021F\u1E25\u1E29\u1E2B\u1E96\u0127\u2C68\u2C76\u0265"'],
        ["base" => "hv", "chars" => '"\u0195"'],
        ["base" => "i", "chars" => '"\u24D8\uFF49\u00EC\u00ED\u00EE\u0129\u012B\u012D\u00EF\u1E2F\u1EC9\u01D0\u0209\u020B\u1ECB\u012F\u1E2D\u0268\u0131"'],
        ["base" => "j", "chars" => '"\u24D9\uFF4A\u0135\u01F0\u0249"'],
        ["base" => "k", "chars" => '"\u24DA\uFF4B\u1E31\u01E9\u1E33\u0137\u1E35\u0199\u2C6A\uA741\uA743\uA745\uA7A3"'],
        ["base" => "l", "chars" => '"\u24DB\uFF4C\u0140\u013A\u013E\u1E37\u1E39\u013C\u1E3D\u1E3B\u017F\u0142\u019A\u026B\u2C61\uA749\uA781\uA747\u026D"'],
        ["base" => "lj", "chars" => '"\u01C9"'],
        ["base" => "m", "chars" => '"\u24DC\uFF4D\u1E3F\u1E41\u1E43\u0271\u026F"'],
        ["base" => "n", "chars" => '"\u24DD\uFF4E\u01F9\u0144\u00F1\u1E45\u0148\u1E47\u0146\u1E4B\u1E49\u019E\u0272\u0149\uA791\uA7A5\u043B\u0509"'],
        ["base" => "nj", "chars" => '"\u01CC"'],
        ["base" => "o", "chars" => '"\u24DE\uFF4F\u00F2\u00F3\u00F4\u1ED3\u1ED1\u1ED7\u1ED5\u00F5\u1E4D\u022D\u1E4F\u014D\u1E51\u1E53\u014F\u022F\u0231\u00F6\u022B\u1ECF\u0151\u01D2\u020D\u020F\u01A1\u1EDD\u1EDB\u1EE1\u1EDF\u1EE3\u1ECD\u1ED9\u01EB\u01ED\u00F8\u01FF\uA74B\uA74D\u0275\u0254\u1D11"'],
        ["base" => "oe", "chars" => '"\u0153"'],
        ["base" => "oi", "chars" => '"\u01A3"'],
        ["base" => "oo", "chars" => '"\uA74F"'],
        ["base" => "ou", "chars" => '"\u0223"'],
        ["base" => "p", "chars" => '"\u24DF\uFF50\u1E55\u1E57\u01A5\u1D7D\uA751\uA753\uA755\u03C1"'],
        ["base" => "q", "chars" => '"\u24E0\uFF51\u024B\uA757\uA759"'],
        ["base" => "r", "chars" => '"\u24E1\uFF52\u0155\u1E59\u0159\u0211\u0213\u1E5B\u1E5D\u0157\u1E5F\u024D\u027D\uA75B\uA7A7\uA783"'],
        ["base" => "s", "chars" => '"\u24E2\uFF53\u015B\u1E65\u015D\u1E61\u0161\u1E67\u1E63\u1E69\u0219\u015F\u023F\uA7A9\uA785\u1E9B\u0282"'],
        ["base" => "ss", "chars" => '"\u00DF"'],
        ["base" => "t", "chars" => '"\u24E3\uFF54\u1E6B\u1E97\u0165\u1E6D\u021B\u0163\u1E71\u1E6F\u0167\u01AD\u0288\u2C66\uA787"'],
        ["base" => "th", "chars" => '"\u00FE"'],
        ["base" => "tz", "chars" => '"\uA729"'],
        ["base" => "u", "chars" => '"\u24E4\uFF55\u00F9\u00FA\u00FB\u0169\u1E79\u016B\u1E7B\u016D\u00FC\u01DC\u01D8\u01D6\u01DA\u1EE7\u016F\u0171\u01D4\u0215\u0217\u01B0\u1EEB\u1EE9\u1EEF\u1EED\u1EF1\u1EE5\u1E73\u0173\u1E77\u1E75\u0289"'],
        ["base" => "v", "chars" => '"\u24E5\uFF56\u1E7D\u1E7F\u028B\uA75F\u028C"'],
        ["base" => "vy", "chars" => '"\uA761"'],
        ["base" => "w", "chars" => '"\u24E6\uFF57\u1E81\u1E83\u0175\u1E87\u1E85\u1E98\u1E89\u2C73"'],
        ["base" => "x", "chars" => '"\u24E7\uFF58\u1E8B\u1E8D"'],
        ["base" => "y", "chars" => '"\u24E8\uFF59\u1EF3\u00FD\u0177\u1EF9\u0233\u1E8F\u00FF\u1EF7\u1E99\u1EF5\u01B4\u024F\u1EFF"'],
        ["base" => "z", "chars" => '"\u24E9\uFF5A\u017A\u1E91\u017C\u017E\u1E93\u1E95\u01B6\u0225\u0240\u2C6C\uA763"']
    ];

    protected $chars = [];

    protected $encoding;

    public function __construct($encoding = "")
    {
        if (!$encoding) $encoding = mb_internal_encoding();
        if (!$encoding) $encoding = 'UTF-8';
        /*
         *you can filter the encodings here with the supported encodings of mb_* functions
         *https://www.php.net/manual/en/mbstring.supported-encodings.php
         *but I will leave mb_* functions generate error of level E_WARNING if unsupported encoding is used
         */
        $this->encoding = $encoding;

        //$charsCountTotal = 0; // for debugging
        //build the indexed array chars for better performance
        foreach ($this->replacementList as $replacementList){
            $charsString = json_decode($replacementList["chars"]);
            //if(!$charsString) die('noooooooooooooooooo'); // debugging
            $charsCount = mb_strlen($charsString, $this->encoding);
            //$charsCountTotal += $charsCount; // for debugging
            for($i = 0; $i < $charsCount; $i++){
                $char = mb_substr($charsString, $i, 1, $this->encoding);
                $this->chars[$char] = $replacementList["base"];
            }
        }
        //echo "chars count" . $charsCountTotal . "\n"; // for debugging
        //echo "array count" . count($this->chars) . "\n"; // for debugging

    }

    public function removeDiacritics($string)
    {

        $finalString = "";
        $charsCount = mb_strlen($string, $this->encoding);
        for($i = 0; $i < $charsCount; $i++){
            $char = mb_substr($string, $i, 1, $this->encoding);
            $finalString .= !empty($this->chars[$char]) ? $this->chars[$char] : $char;
        }
        return $finalString;
    }




}

使用类

$phpDiacritics = new PHPDiacritics('UTF-8');

$test1 = "Athènes";
$test2 = "Gdańsk";
$test3 = "niño";

echo $phpDiacritics->removeDiacritics($test1) . "\n";
echo $phpDiacritics->removeDiacritics($test2) . "\n";
echo $phpDiacritics->removeDiacritics($test3) . "\n";

这输出

Athenes
Gdansk
nino