c - 如何在 GCM 模式下使用 AES 链接 BCryptEncrypt 和 BCryptDecrypt 调用？

Question

使用 Windows CNG API，我能够在 GCM 模式下使用 AES，通过身份验证加密和解密各个数据 block 。我现在想连续加密和解密多个缓冲区。

根据 documentation for CNG , 支持以下场景:

If the input to encryption or decryption is scattered across multiple buffers, then you must chain calls to the BCryptEncrypt and BCryptDecrypt functions. Chaining is indicated by setting the BCRYPT_AUTH_MODE_IN_PROGRESS_FLAG flag in the dwFlags member.

如果我理解正确，这意味着我可以在多个缓冲区上顺序调用 BCryptEncrypt，最后获取组合缓冲区的身份验证标记。同样，我可以在多个缓冲区上顺序调用 BCryptDecrypt，同时将实际的身份验证检查推迟到最后。虽然我无法让它工作，但它看起来像 dwFlags 的值被忽略了。每当我使用 BCRYPT_AUTH_MODE_IN_PROGRESS_FLAG 时，我都会得到 0xc000a002 的返回值，这等于 ntstatus.h 中定义的 STATUS_AUTH_TAG_MISMATCH.

即使参数 pbIV 被标记为 in/out，参数 pbIV 指向的元素不会被 BCryptEncrypt() 。这是预期的吗？我还查看了 BCRYPT_AUTHENTICATED_CIPHER_MODE_INFO 结构中的字段 pbNonce，由 pPaddingInfo 指针指向，但该字段也没有被修改。我也尝试过“手动”推进IV，根据计数器方案自己修改内容，但这也没有帮助。

成功链接 BCryptEncrypt 和/或 BCryptDecrypt 函数的正确过程是什么？

Answer 1

我设法让它工作。看来问题出在 MSDN 中，它应该提到设置 BCRYPT_AUTH_MODE_CHAIN_CALLS_FLAG 而不是 BCRYPT_AUTH_MODE_IN_PROGRESS_FLAG。

#include <windows.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <vector>
#include <Bcrypt.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "bcrypt.lib")

std::vector<BYTE> MakePatternBytes(size_t a_Length)
{
    std::vector<BYTE> result(a_Length);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < result.size(); i++)
    {
        result[i] = (BYTE)i;
    }

    return result;
}

std::vector<BYTE> MakeRandomBytes(size_t a_Length)
{
    std::vector<BYTE> result(a_Length);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < result.size(); i++)
    {
        result[i] = (BYTE)rand();
    }

    return result;
}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    NTSTATUS bcryptResult = 0;
    DWORD bytesDone = 0;

    BCRYPT_ALG_HANDLE algHandle = 0;
    bcryptResult = BCryptOpenAlgorithmProvider(&algHandle, BCRYPT_AES_ALGORITHM, 0, 0);
    assert(BCRYPT_SUCCESS(bcryptResult) || !"BCryptOpenAlgorithmProvider");

    bcryptResult = BCryptSetProperty(algHandle, BCRYPT_CHAINING_MODE, (BYTE*)BCRYPT_CHAIN_MODE_GCM, sizeof(BCRYPT_CHAIN_MODE_GCM), 0);
    assert(BCRYPT_SUCCESS(bcryptResult) || !"BCryptSetProperty(BCRYPT_CHAINING_MODE)");

    BCRYPT_AUTH_TAG_LENGTHS_STRUCT authTagLengths;
    bcryptResult = BCryptGetProperty(algHandle, BCRYPT_AUTH_TAG_LENGTH, (BYTE*)&authTagLengths, sizeof(authTagLengths), &bytesDone, 0);
    assert(BCRYPT_SUCCESS(bcryptResult) || !"BCryptGetProperty(BCRYPT_AUTH_TAG_LENGTH)");

    DWORD blockLength = 0;
    bcryptResult = BCryptGetProperty(algHandle, BCRYPT_BLOCK_LENGTH, (BYTE*)&blockLength, sizeof(blockLength), &bytesDone, 0);
    assert(BCRYPT_SUCCESS(bcryptResult) || !"BCryptGetProperty(BCRYPT_BLOCK_LENGTH)");

    BCRYPT_KEY_HANDLE keyHandle = 0;
    {
        const std::vector<BYTE> key = MakeRandomBytes(blockLength);
        bcryptResult = BCryptGenerateSymmetricKey(algHandle, &keyHandle, 0, 0, (PUCHAR)&key[0], key.size(), 0);
        assert(BCRYPT_SUCCESS(bcryptResult) || !"BCryptGenerateSymmetricKey");
    }

    const size_t GCM_NONCE_SIZE = 12;
    const std::vector<BYTE> origNonce = MakeRandomBytes(GCM_NONCE_SIZE);
    const std::vector<BYTE> origData  = MakePatternBytes(256);

    // Encrypt data as a whole
    std::vector<BYTE> encrypted = origData;
    std::vector<BYTE> authTag(authTagLengths.dwMinLength);
    {
        BCRYPT_AUTHENTICATED_CIPHER_MODE_INFO authInfo;
        BCRYPT_INIT_AUTH_MODE_INFO(authInfo);
        authInfo.pbNonce = (PUCHAR)&origNonce[0];
        authInfo.cbNonce = origNonce.size();
        authInfo.pbTag   = &authTag[0];
        authInfo.cbTag   = authTag.size();

        bcryptResult = BCryptEncrypt
            (
            keyHandle,
            &encrypted[0], encrypted.size(),
            &authInfo,
            0, 0,
            &encrypted[0], encrypted.size(),
            &bytesDone, 0
            );

        assert(BCRYPT_SUCCESS(bcryptResult) || !"BCryptEncrypt");
        assert(bytesDone == encrypted.size());
    }

    // Decrypt data in two parts
    std::vector<BYTE> decrypted = encrypted;
    {
        DWORD partSize = decrypted.size() / 2;

        std::vector<BYTE> macContext(authTagLengths.dwMaxLength);

        BCRYPT_AUTHENTICATED_CIPHER_MODE_INFO authInfo;
        BCRYPT_INIT_AUTH_MODE_INFO(authInfo);
        authInfo.pbNonce = (PUCHAR)&origNonce[0];
        authInfo.cbNonce = origNonce.size();
        authInfo.pbTag   = &authTag[0];
        authInfo.cbTag   = authTag.size();
        authInfo.pbMacContext = &macContext[0];
        authInfo.cbMacContext = macContext.size();

        // IV value is ignored on first call to BCryptDecrypt.
        // This buffer will be used to keep internal IV used for chaining.
        std::vector<BYTE> contextIV(blockLength);

        // First part
        authInfo.dwFlags = BCRYPT_AUTH_MODE_CHAIN_CALLS_FLAG;
        bcryptResult = BCryptDecrypt
            (
            keyHandle,
            &decrypted[0*partSize], partSize,
            &authInfo,
            &contextIV[0], contextIV.size(),
            &decrypted[0*partSize], partSize,
            &bytesDone, 0
            );

        assert(BCRYPT_SUCCESS(bcryptResult) || !"BCryptDecrypt");
        assert(bytesDone == partSize);

        // Second part
        authInfo.dwFlags &= ~BCRYPT_AUTH_MODE_CHAIN_CALLS_FLAG;
        bcryptResult = BCryptDecrypt
            (
            keyHandle,
            &decrypted[1*partSize], partSize,
            &authInfo,
            &contextIV[0], contextIV.size(),
            &decrypted[1*partSize], partSize,
            &bytesDone, 0
            );

        assert(BCRYPT_SUCCESS(bcryptResult) || !"BCryptDecrypt");
        assert(bytesDone == partSize);
    }

    // Check decryption
    assert(decrypted == origData);

    // Cleanup
    BCryptDestroyKey(keyHandle);
    BCryptCloseAlgorithmProvider(algHandle, 0);

    return 0;
}