vb.net - Application1 已停止工作

Question

我开发了一个包含键盘钩子(Hook)的程序(在这个 webpage 中)，当用户按下一个键时它会播放声音。

当我调试它时，它工作得很好，除了有时会出现这个错误:

No se controló System.InvalidOperationException
HResult=-2146233079
Message=Error al crear el formulario. Consulte Exception.InnerException para obtener más detalles. Error: Could not set keyboard hook
Source=CBAS
StackTrace:
en CBAS.My.MyProject.MyForms.Create__Instance__[T](T Instance) en 17d14f5c-a337-4978-8281-53493378c1071.vb:línea 190
en CBAS.My.MyProject.MyForms.get_Form1()
en CBAS.My.MyApplication.OnCreateMainForm() en C:\Users\win8\Desktop\CBAS\CBAS\My Project\Application.Designer.vb:línea 35
en Microsoft.VisualBasic.ApplicationServices.WindowsF ormsApplicationBase.OnRun()
en Microsoft.VisualBasic.ApplicationServices.WindowsF ormsApplicationBase.DoApplicationModel()
en Microsoft.VisualBasic.ApplicationServices.WindowsF ormsApplicationBase.Run(String[] commandLine)
en CBAS.My.MyApplication.Main(String[] Args) en 17d14f5c-a337-4978-8281-53493378c1071.vb:línea 81
en System.AppDomain._nExecuteAssembly(RuntimeAssembly assembly, String[] args)
en System.AppDomain.ExecuteAssembly(String assemblyFile, Evidence assemblySecurity, String[] args)
en Microsoft.VisualStudio.HostingProcess.HostProc.Run UsersAssembly()
en System.Threading.ThreadHelper.ThreadStart_Context( Object state)
en System.Threading.ExecutionContext.RunInternal(Exec utionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean preserveSyncCtx)
en System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionCon text executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean preserveSyncCtx)
en System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionCon text executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state)
en System.Threading.ThreadHelper.ThreadStart()
InnerException: 
HResult=-2146233088
Message=Could not set keyboard hook
Source=CBAS
StackTrace:
en CBAS.KeyboardHook..ctor() en C:\Users\win8\Desktop\CBAS\CBAS\KeyboardHook.vb:lí nea 57
en CBAS.Form1..ctor() en C:\Users\win8\Desktop\CBAS\CBAS\Form1.vb:línea 8
InnerException: )

但是当我发布它，执行它并按下一个键时，这个错误总是出现:

"Application1 has stopped working, Windows is collecting more information about the problem..."

我不知道为什么。

我该如何解决？

在 WER(windows 错误报告)文件中，出现了这个(它是西类牙语，因为我是西类牙语)

Version=1
EventType=CLR20r3
EventTime=130379893951236939
ReportType=2
Consent=1
UploadTime=130379893952509742
ReportIdentifier=de74a3fd-9fc5-11e3-bf5a-2016d88a811a
IntegratorReportIdentifier=de74a3fc-9fc5-11e3-bf5a-2016d88a811a
WOW64=1
NsAppName=Application1.exe
Response.BucketId=40a1e70aa352cd3ac6cc9fb760f9bba0
Response.BucketTable=5
Response.LegacyBucketId=94505433654
Response.type=4
Response.CabId=94493168456
Sig[0].Name=Firma del problema 01
Sig[0].Value=application1.exe
Sig[1].Name=Firma del problema 02
Sig[1].Value=1.0.0.0
Sig[2].Name=Firma del problema 03
Sig[2].Value=530f5ce4
Sig[3].Name=Firma del problema 04
Sig[3].Value=System
Sig[4].Name=Firma del problema 05
Sig[4].Value=4.0.30319.18045
Sig[5].Name=Firma del problema 06
Sig[5].Value=5126f9e5
Sig[6].Name=Firma del problema 07
Sig[6].Value=1312
Sig[7].Name=Firma del problema 08
Sig[7].Value=43
Sig[8].Name=Firma del problema 09
Sig[8].Value=System.IO.FileNotFoundException
DynamicSig[1].Name=Versión del sistema operativo
DynamicSig[1].Value=6.2.9200.2.0.0.768.101
DynamicSig[2].Name=Id. de configuración regional
DynamicSig[2].Value=3082
DynamicSig[22].Name=Información adicional 1
DynamicSig[22].Value=ad52
DynamicSig[23].Name=Información adicional 2
DynamicSig[23].Value=ad5243c3e40479b968754b46da71fc1d
DynamicSig[24].Name=Información adicional 3
DynamicSig[24].Value=cb3a
DynamicSig[25].Name=Información adicional 4
DynamicSig[25].Value=cb3ad7e6b5724be9ade53a06384fee8d
UI[2]=C:\Users\yo\Desktop\publish\Application Files\Application1_1_0_0_12\Application1.exe
UI[3]=Application1 dejó de funcionar
UI[4]=Windows puede buscar una solución en línea al problema.
UI[5]=Buscar una solución en línea y cerrar el programa
UI[6]=Buscar una solución en línea más tarde y cerrar el programa
UI[7]=Cerrar el programa
LoadedModule[0]=C:\Users\yo\Desktop\publish\Application Files\Application1_1_0_0_12\Application1.exe
LoadedModule[1]=C:\windows\SYSTEM32\ntdll.dll
LoadedModule[2]=C:\windows\SYSTEM32\MSCOREE.DLL
LoadedModule[3]=C:\windows\SYSTEM32\KERNEL32.dll
LoadedModule[4]=C:\windows\SYSTEM32\KERNELBASE.dll
LoadedModule[5]=C:\windows\system32\apphelp.dll
LoadedModule[6]=C:\windows\SYSTEM32\ADVAPI32.dll
LoadedModule[7]=C:\windows\SYSTEM32\msvcrt.dll
LoadedModule[8]=C:\windows\SYSTEM32\sechost.dll
LoadedModule[9]=C:\windows\SYSTEM32\RPCRT4.dll
LoadedModule[10]=C:\windows\SYSTEM32\SspiCli.dll
LoadedModule[11]=C:\windows\SYSTEM32\CRYPTBASE.dll
LoadedModule[12]=C:\windows\SYSTEM32\bcryptPrimitives.dll
LoadedModule[13]=C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\msc oreei.dll
LoadedModule[14]=C:\windows\SYSTEM32\SHLWAPI.dll
LoadedModule[15]=C:\windows\SYSTEM32\USER32.dll
LoadedModule[16]=C:\windows\SYSTEM32\GDI32.dll
LoadedModule[17]=C:\windows\system32\IMM32.DLL
LoadedModule[18]=C:\windows\SYSTEM32\MSCTF.dll
LoadedModule[19]=C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\clr .dll
LoadedModule[20]=C:\windows\SYSTEM32\MSVCR110_CLR0400.dll
LoadedModule[21]=C:\windows\assembly\NativeImages_v4.0.30319_32\ms corlib\391541c89ed7585fc7e8936c43cee387\mscorlib.n i.dll
LoadedModule[22]=C:\windows\SYSTEM32\ole32.dll
LoadedModule[23]=C:\windows\SYSTEM32\combase.dll
LoadedModule[24]=C:\windows\system32\uxtheme.dll
LoadedModule[25]=C:\windows\assembly\NativeImages_v4.0.30319_32\Sy stem\f0602360211041a6be208f0b4138dddd\System.ni.dl l
LoadedModule[26]=C:\windows\assembly\NativeImages_v4.0.30319_32\Sy stem.Core\bca236f576ea12db3a9191f4586a445a\System. Core.ni.dll
LoadedModule[27]=C:\windows\assembly\NativeImages_v4.0.30319_32\Mi crosoft.V9921e851#\544c2dc6a8eccbe94917fa495786d22 8\Microsoft.VisualBasic.ni.dll
LoadedModule[28]=C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\clr jit.dll
LoadedModule[29]=C:\windows\SYSTEM32\OLEAUT32.dll
LoadedModule[30]=C:\windows\assembly\NativeImages_v4.0.30319_32\Sy stem.Drawing\61be23d6a688188e3419a1eb46fc9d9d\Syst em.Drawing.ni.dll
LoadedModule[31]=C:\windows\assembly\NativeImages_v4.0.30319_32\Sy stem.Windows.Forms\11b4af16e791a6b0ada4a97d3e64e27 a\System.Windows.Forms.ni.dll
LoadedModule[32]=C:\windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.windows.common-controls_6595b64144ccf1df_5.82.9200.16658_none_bf1 359a245f1cd12\comctl32.dll
LoadedModule[33]=C:\windows\SYSTEM32\dwmapi.dll
LoadedModule[34]=C:\windows\assembly\NativeImages_v4.0.30319_32\Sy stem.Runt73a1fc9d#\3ca3214971476bd8dfa50fb1ad771f6 9\System.Runtime.Remoting.ni.dll
LoadedModule[35]=C:\windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.windows.gdiplus_6 595b64144ccf1df_1.1.9200.16518_none_ba1cf6b7e09f19 18\gdiplus.dll
LoadedModule[36]=C:\windows\SYSTEM32\DWrite.dll
LoadedModule[37]=C:\windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.windows.common-controls_6595b64144ccf1df_6.0.9200.16579_none_8937 eec6860750f5\comctl32.dll
LoadedModule[38]=C:\windows\SYSTEM32\winmm.dll
LoadedModule[39]=C:\windows\SYSTEM32\WINMMBASE.dll
LoadedModule[40]=C:\windows\SYSTEM32\cfgmgr32.dll
LoadedModule[41]=C:\windows\SYSTEM32\DEVOBJ.dll
LoadedModule[42]=C:\windows\SYSTEM32\CRYPTSP.dll
LoadedModule[43]=C:\windows\system32\rsaenh.dll
LoadedModule[44]=C:\windows\SYSTEM32\VERSION.dll
LoadedModule[45]=C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\dia symreader.dll
State[0].Key=Transport.DoneStage1
State[0].Value=1
File[0].CabName=WERInternalMetadata.xml
File[0].Path=WER3909.tmp.WERInternalMetadata.xml
File[0].Flags=851971
File[0].Type=5
File[0].Original.Path=C:\Users\win8\AppData\Local\temp\WE R3909.tmp.WERInternalMetadata.xml
File[1].CabName=triagedump.dmp
File[1].Path=WER44E2.tmp.dmp
File[1].Flags=2949123
File[1].Type=6
File[1].Original.Path=C:\Users\win8\AppData\Local\temp\WE R44E2.tmp.dmp
File[2].CabName=Report.cab
File[2].Path=Report.cab
File[2].Flags=196608
File[2].Type=9
File[2].Original.Path=Report.cab
FriendlyEventName=Dejó de funcionar
ConsentKey=CLR20r3
AppName=Application1
AppPath=C:\Users\yo\Desktop\publish\Application Files\Application1_1_0_0_12\Application1.exe
NsPartner=windows
NsGroup=windows8

在 form1 中我有这段代码:

Imports System.Threading

Public Class Form1
    Dim iresult As Long
    Dim ResourceFilePathPrefix As String
    Private Declare Function mciSendString Lib "winmm.dll" Alias "mciSendStringA" (ByVal lpstrCommand As String, ByVal lpstrReturnString As String, ByVal uReturnLength As Long, ByVal hwndCallback As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function mciExecute Lib "winmm.dll" (ByVal lpstrCommand As String) As Long
    Private WithEvents kbHook As New KeyboardHook
    Private Declare Function GetAsyncKeyState Lib "user32" (ByVal vKey As Long) As Integer

    Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
        If System.Diagnostics.Debugger.IsAttached() Then
            ResourceFilePathPrefix = System.IO.Path.GetFullPath(Application.StartupPath & "\..\..\resources\")
        Else
            ResourceFilePathPrefix = Application.StartupPath & "\resources\"
        End If

    End Sub
    Private Sub kbHook_KeyDown(ByVal Key As System.Windows.Forms.Keys) Handles kbHook.KeyDown


        Select Case Key
            Case Keys.A
                My.Computer.Audio.Play(ResourceFilePathPrefix & "Sound1.wav")
            Case Keys.B
                My.Computer.Audio.Play(ResourceFilePathPrefix & "Sound2.wav")
            Case Keys.C
                My.Computer.Audio.Play(ResourceFilePathPrefix & "Sound3.wav")

        End Select
    End Sub

End Class

这是来自网络的代码:

Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

Public Class KeyboardHook

    <DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet:=CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention:=CallingConvention.StdCall)> _
    Private Overloads Shared Function SetWindowsHookEx(ByVal idHook As Integer, ByVal HookProc As KBDLLHookProc, ByVal hInstance As IntPtr, ByVal wParam As Integer) As Integer
    End Function
    <DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet:=CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention:=CallingConvention.StdCall)> _
    Private Overloads Shared Function CallNextHookEx(ByVal idHook As Integer, ByVal nCode As Integer, ByVal wParam As IntPtr, ByVal lParam As IntPtr) As Integer
    End Function
    <DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet:=CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention:=CallingConvention.StdCall)> _
    Private Overloads Shared Function UnhookWindowsHookEx(ByVal idHook As Integer) As Boolean
    End Function

    <StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)> _
    Private Structure KBDLLHOOKSTRUCT
        Public vkCode As UInt32
        Public scanCode As UInt32
        Public flags As KBDLLHOOKSTRUCTFlags
        Public time As UInt32
        Public dwExtraInfo As UIntPtr
    End Structure

    <Flags()> _
    Private Enum KBDLLHOOKSTRUCTFlags As UInt32
        LLKHF_EXTENDED = &H1
        LLKHF_INJECTED = &H10
        LLKHF_ALTDOWN = &H20
        LLKHF_UP = &H80
    End Enum

    Public Shared Event KeyDown(ByVal Key As Keys)
    Public Shared Event KeyUp(ByVal Key As Keys)

    Private Const WH_KEYBOARD_LL As Integer = 13
    Private Const HC_ACTION As Integer = 0
    Private Const WM_KEYDOWN = &H100
    Private Const WM_KEYUP = &H101
    Private Const WM_SYSKEYDOWN = &H104
    Private Const WM_SYSKEYUP = &H105

    Private Delegate Function KBDLLHookProc(ByVal nCode As Integer, ByVal wParam As IntPtr, ByVal lParam As IntPtr) As Integer

    Private KBDLLHookProcDelegate As KBDLLHookProc = New KBDLLHookProc(AddressOf KeyboardProc)
    Private HHookID As IntPtr = IntPtr.Zero

    Private Function KeyboardProc(ByVal nCode As Integer, ByVal wParam As IntPtr, ByVal lParam As IntPtr) As Integer
        If (nCode = HC_ACTION) Then
            Dim struct As KBDLLHOOKSTRUCT
            Select Case wParam
                Case WM_KEYDOWN, WM_SYSKEYDOWN
                    RaiseEvent KeyDown(CType(CType(Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, struct.GetType()), KBDLLHOOKSTRUCT).vkCode, Keys))
                Case WM_KEYUP, WM_SYSKEYUP
                    RaiseEvent KeyUp(CType(CType(Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, struct.GetType()), KBDLLHOOKSTRUCT).vkCode, Keys))
            End Select
        End If
        Return CallNextHookEx(IntPtr.Zero, nCode, wParam, lParam)
    End Function

    Public Sub New()
        HHookID = SetWindowsHookEx(WH_KEYBOARD_LL, KBDLLHookProcDelegate, System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.GetHINSTANCE(System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly.GetModules()(0)).ToInt32, 0)
        If HHookID = IntPtr.Zero Then
            Throw New Exception("Could not set keyboard hook")
        End If
    End Sub

    Protected Overrides Sub Finalize()
        If Not HHookID = IntPtr.Zero Then
            UnhookWindowsHookEx(HHookID)
        End If
        MyBase.Finalize()
    End Sub

End Class

Windbg出现了这段代码(只有错误部分):

(17cc.1810): CLR exception - code e0434352 (first chance)
(17cc.1810): Unknown exception - code c000041d (!!! second chance !!!)
eax=0118ed58 ebx=00000005 ecx=00000005 edx=00000000 esi=0118ee24 edi=00000001
eip=77504b32 esp=0118ed58 ebp=0118edb4 iopl=0         nv up ei pl nz ac po nc
cs=0023  ss=002b  ds=002b  es=002b  fs=0053  gs=002b             efl=00000212
KERNELBASE!RaiseException+0x6c:
77504b32 8b4c2454        mov     ecx,dword ptr [esp+54h] ss:002b:0118edac=d57192f5
*** WARNING: Unable to verify checksum for C:\windows\assembly\NativeImages_v4.0.30319_32\System\f0602360211041a6be208f0b4138dddd\System.ni.dll
*** WARNING: Unable to verify checksum for C:\windows\assembly\NativeImages_v4.0.30319_32\Microsoft.V9921e851#\544c2dc6a8eccbe94917fa495786d228\Microsoft.VisualBasic.ni.dll
*** WARNING: Unable to verify checksum for C:\windows\assembly\NativeImages_v4.0.30319_32\System.Windows.Forms\11b4af16e791a6b0ada4a97d3e64e27a\System.Windows.Forms.ni.dll
0:000> gn
eax=00000000 ebx=00000000 ecx=00000000 edx=00000000 esi=00000002 edi=0143a8f8
eip=77e2f6b4 esp=054af7f8 ebp=054af990 iopl=0         nv up ei pl nz na po nc
cs=0023  ss=002b  ds=002b  es=002b  fs=0053  gs=002b             efl=00000202
ntdll!NtWaitForWorkViaWorkerFactory+0xc:
77e2f6b4 c21000          ret     10h

Answer 1

这是两个截然不同的错误，它们的共同点是草率的错误处理，这将它们从常见的事故变成了神秘的、无法诊断的崩溃。

您在网页上找到的键盘钩子(Hook)代码对 winapi 错误的处理非常草率，会抛出带有“无法执行”错误消息的普通异常。当然非常无益。你没有编写代码来处理设置 Hook 可能失败的可能性，这让情况变得更糟，这反过来又使你的 Form 类的构造函数失败。

SetWindowsHookEx() 的 DllImport 声明很乏味，它缺少 SetLastError 属性。需要告诉 .NET 这是一个通过 Marshal.GetLastWin32Error() 报告错误代码的 winapi 函数。没有这个属性，就没有办法找出函数失败的原因。它不应抛出异常，而应抛出 System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception。现在包含对函数失败原因的恰当描述。您当然需要捕获此异常并显示它，然后终止您的程序，因为没有理由继续运行。使用 Environment.Exit()。我不想猜测失败的原因，除了它使用过时的方式来传递模块句柄，即第三个参数，这在 .NET 4.0 及更高版本上不再可靠。相反，调用 LoadLibrary("user32.dll") 以获得可用的模块句柄。

第二次崩溃是一个普通的“找不到文件”异常，由 Play() 方法无法找到 .wav 文件引起。仅仅忘记复制 .wav 文件就足以让您的程序像这样崩溃。

当然，这是非常常见的事故，您永远不希望这样一个普通的事故导致您的程序以如此无法诊断的方式失败。您必须为记录或显示 e.ExceptionObject.ToString() 值的 AppDomain.CurrentDomain.UnhandledException 事件编写一个事件处理程序，然后终止您的程序。这为您提供了一个不错的异常消息和神圣的堆栈跟踪，以向您展示程序失败的位置和原因。使用 Application.Startup 事件订阅事件。

在您还测试了程序的特殊行为方式之前，程序还没有真正经过测试并准备好发布。很难做，经常被跳过。您需要使用“假设”场景，故意抛出异常来练习它是查看您的程序是否仍能正常恢复的好方法。将这样的 throw 语句放在哪里是需要经验的，就像你通过像这样解决故障所获得的经验。