python - cvxopt 构建轮失败 - 无法找到 vcvarsall.bat

Question

我正在尝试用 Python 创建一个投资组合优化应用程序以供工作。所需模块之一是 CVXOPT。当我尝试安装该模块时，出现系统无法找到 vcvarsall.bat 的错误。我发现有几个人遇到了同样的问题，并且我已经尝试了我看到的其他帖子中的所有可能的解决方案。我安装了最新版本的 Microsoft Visual C++，我已经升级了 setuptools...似乎没有任何效果。谁能提供任何见解？这是我尝试运行命令“pip install cvxopt:”时命令行的输出

Microsoft Windows [Version 6.1.7601]
Copyright (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

C:\Windows\System32>pip install cvxopt
Collecting cvxopt
  Using cached cvxopt-1.1.8.tar.gz
Building wheels for collected packages: cvxopt
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for cvxopt ... error
  Complete output from command z:\users\mtlagrone\appdata\local\programs\python\
python35\python.exe -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='Z:\\Users\\MTLA
GR~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-85pwcjv8\\cvxopt\\setup.py';exec(compile(g
etattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__,
 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d Z:\Users\MTLAGR~1\AppData\Local\Temp\tmp02__bk90pip-wh
eel- --python-tag cp35:
  running bdist_wheel
  running build
  running build_py
  creating build
  creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.5
  creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\cvxopt
  copying src\python\coneprog.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\cvxopt
  copying src\python\cvxprog.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\cvxopt
  copying src\python\info.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\cvxopt
  copying src\python\misc.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\cvxopt
  copying src\python\modeling.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\cvxopt
  copying src\python\msk.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\cvxopt
  copying src\python\printing.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\cvxopt
  copying src\python\solvers.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\cvxopt
  copying src\python\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\cvxopt
  running build_ext
  building 'base' extension
  error: Unable to find vcvarsall.bat

  ----------------------------------------
  Failed building wheel for cvxopt
  Running setup.py clean for cvxopt
Failed to build cvxopt
Installing collected packages: cvxopt
  Running setup.py install for cvxopt ... error
    Complete output from command z:\users\mtlagrone\appdata\local\programs\pytho
n\python35\python.exe -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='Z:\\Users\\MT
LAGR~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-85pwcjv8\\cvxopt\\setup.py';exec(compile
(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file_
_, 'exec'))" install --record Z:\Users\MTLAGR~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-yr46es6u-
record\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.5
    creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\cvxopt
    copying src\python\coneprog.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\cvxopt
    copying src\python\cvxprog.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\cvxopt
    copying src\python\info.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\cvxopt
    copying src\python\misc.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\cvxopt
    copying src\python\modeling.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\cvxopt
    copying src\python\msk.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\cvxopt
    copying src\python\printing.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\cvxopt
    copying src\python\solvers.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\cvxopt
    copying src\python\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\cvxopt
    running build_ext
    building 'base' extension
    error: Unable to find vcvarsall.bat

    ----------------------------------------
Command "z:\users\mtlagrone\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\python.exe -u
 -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='Z:\\Users\\MTLAGR~1\\AppData\\Local\\
Temp\\pip-build-85pwcjv8\\cvxopt\\setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open
', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --r
ecord Z:\Users\MTLAGR~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-yr46es6u-record\install-record.tx
t --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in Z:\
Users\MTLAGR~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-85pwcjv8\cvxopt\

C:\Windows\System32>

Answer 1

看起来 Python 库有一个 native 组件，需要使用 Visual Studio 构建工具进行编译。

根据Python documentation ，对于 Python 3.5(使用 CPython)，您需要安装 build tools适用于 Visual Studio 2015。

您需要检查 Windows 8.1 和 Windows 10 SDK 选项。再次尝试运行 pip install 时，note that :

You have to run your commands from Visual C++ Build Tools Command Prompt (C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual C++ Build Tools) each time you want compile with Python.