windows - 奇怪的错误，我无法在 Windows 上构建 OCaml 程序

Question

我最近一直在尝试让 OCaml 工作，并且解释器工作正常，我只是无法用它构建 native 可执行文件。这是我的程序:

let () = print_endline "Hello, World!"

现在如果我运行 ocaml program.ml我得到了 Hello, World! 的预期输出.但是，如果我运行 ocamlbuild program.native我得到:

mkdir 'C:\Users\User\_build'
'''C:\Program Files\OCaml\bin/ocamldep.opt' -modules program.ml > program.ml.depends
Exception Sys_error("program.ml.depends: No such file or directory").

然而，如果我查看目录 C:\Users\User\我可以看到 program.ml.depends存在。再次运行它我得到:

SANITIZE: a total of 1 file that should probably not be in your source tree
  has been found. A script shell file "C:\\Users\\User\\_build/sanitize.sh"
  is being created. Check this script and run it to remove unwanted files or
  use other options (such as defining hygiene exceptions or using the
  -no-hygiene option).
IMPORTANT: I cannot work with leftover compiled files.
ERROR: Leftover dependency files:
  File program.ml.depends in . has suffix .ml.depends
Exiting due to hygiene violations.

所以它确实存在!？!？!？!内容是my_prog.ml: .旁注，_build目录包含文件:_digests、_log、program.ml 和 sanatize.sh。以下是我使用 -verbose 10 运行命令时的输出:

mkdir 'C:\Users\User\_build'
Doing sanity checks
include directories are: [ "." ]
==> program.native
====> program.cmx
======> program.mlpack
======> program.ml
program.ml exists in source dir -> import it
======> program.ml.depends
========> program.ml
program.ml already built
start rule ocaml dependencies ml (%=program )
dyndeps: {.  .}
mid rule ocaml dependencies ml (%=program ): cache miss: a product is not in build dir (program.ml.depends)
'''C:\Program Files\OCaml\bin/ocamldep.opt' -modules program.ml > program.ml.depends
resource_changed: program.ml.depends
end rule ocaml dependencies ml (%=program )
======> program.cmi
========> program.mli
==========> program.mly
========> program.mlpack
program.mlpack already failed
========> program.ml
program.ml already built
========> program.ml.depends
program.ml.depends already built
start rule ocaml: ml -> cmo & cmi (%=program )
Exception Sys_error("program.ml.depends: No such file or directory").

如果我强制它:

include directories are: [ "." ]
==> program.native
====> program.cmx
======> program.mlpack
======> program.ml
program.ml exists and up to date
======> program.ml.depends
program.ml.depends exists in source dir -> import it
======> program.cmi
========> program.mli
==========> program.mly
========> program.mlpack
program.mlpack already failed
========> program.ml
program.ml already built
========> program.ml.depends
program.ml.depends already built
start rule ocaml: ml -> cmo & cmi (%=program )
dyndeps: {.  .}
mid rule ocaml: ml -> cmo & cmi (%=program ): cache miss: a product is not in build dir (program.cmo)
'''C:\Program Files\OCaml\bin/ocamlc.opt' -c -o program.cmo program.ml
resource_changed: program.cmo
resource_changed: program.cmi
end rule ocaml: ml -> cmo & cmi (%=program )
start rule ocaml: ml & cmi -> cmx & o (%=program )
dyndeps: {.  .}
mid rule ocaml: ml & cmi -> cmx & o (%=program ): cache miss: a product is not in build dir (program.cmx)
'''C:\Program Files\OCaml\bin/ocamlopt.opt' -c -o program.cmx program.ml
resource_changed: program.cmx
resource_changed: program.o
end rule ocaml: ml & cmi -> cmx & o (%=program )
====> program.o
program.o already built
start rule ocaml: cmx* & o* -> native (%=program )
prepare_libs: "program.native" -> [  ]
caml_transitive_closure ~caml_obj_ext:"cmx" ~pack_mode:false
  ~used_libraries:[  ] [ "program.cmx" ]
packages: {.  .}
dependency_map: {::}
used_files: {. program.cmx .}
open_packages: [  ]
lib_index: {::}
dependencies: {::}
caml_transitive_closure: [ "program.cmx" ] -> [  ]
Failure: Link list cannot be empty.

我再次运行相同的命令:

include directories are: [ "." ]
==> program.native
====> program.cmx
program.cmx exists in source dir -> import it
====> program.o
program.o exists in source dir -> import it
start rule ocaml: cmx* & o* -> native (%=program )
prepare_libs: "program.native" -> [  ]
caml_transitive_closure ~caml_obj_ext:"cmx" ~pack_mode:false
  ~used_libraries:[  ] [ "program.cmx" ]
packages: {.  .}
dependency_map: {::}
used_files: {. program.cmx .}
open_packages: [  ]
lib_index: {::}
dependencies: {::}
caml_transitive_closure: [ "program.cmx" ] -> [ "program.cmx" ]
link: [ "program.cmx" ] -o program.native
dyndeps: {.  .}
mid rule ocaml: cmx* & o* -> native (%=program ): cache miss: a product is not in build dir (program.native)
'''C:\Program Files\OCaml\bin/ocamlopt.opt' program.cmx -o program.native
resource_changed: program.native
end rule ocaml: cmx* & o* -> native (%=program )

此时我确实得到了一个 program.native 文件，但是它不起作用，当我在文本编辑器中打开它时，它以 !<symlink> 开头.使用后readlink它指向 _build/program.native这是不存在的。在这一点上，我很困惑，不知道下一步该去哪里。令人遗憾的是，让这种编程语言发挥作用是如此困难。

我宁愿不必为了编译 OCaml 而必须双启动/安装虚拟机。

最后一件事，我将如何安装 OPAM？

Answer 1

1) 不要将 OCaml 安装到包含空白字符(如“C:\Program Files...”)、非 ASCII 字符或其他特殊字符(如“~#?...”)的路径).您的构建路径也不应包含此类字符。它迟早会导致问题，因为所有常见的构建工具要么依赖于 cygwin(因此依赖 unix 约定)，要么太愚蠢而无法正确引用。 (此外，您的构建路径看起来可疑。“C:\Users\User”通常包含许多与您的项目无关的其他文件。将您的文件放在专用文件夹中。)

2) 如果要编译为 native 代码，$PATH 中必须存在 C 工具链(mingw-w64 或 msvc)。

3) 您可以使用我为 cygwin 和 mingw-w64 编译器定制的 opam 和 OCaml 构建:https://github.com/fdopen/opam-repository-mingw .如果满足要求(所有必要的 cygwin 包都已安装，用户名/构建路径中没有空格，$PATH 中没有其他 OCaml 安装)