windows - 如何以编程方式在 Windows 10 的特定监视器上启动应用程序？

Question

我想编写一个程序，有时需要在 Windows 10 版本 1803(2018 年 4 月更新)上启动另一个应用程序(主要是 Sumatra PDF)的进程。

这些应用程序应该在特定的监视器上启动。我还希望能够在需要时关闭进程。

首选语言是 C# 和 Java，但我们将不胜感激。

编辑

我尝试使用 ShellExecuteExW 函数 suggested by IInspectable直接在 C++ 代码中，但它不起作用，因为应用程序出现在主监视器上。我肯定犯了一个错误，因为我对 WinAPI 完全陌生并且对 C++ 知之甚少。

#include <Windows.h>

HMONITOR monitors[2]; // As it's only a test and I have currently only two monitors.
int monitorsCount = 0;

BOOL CALLBACK Monitorenumproc(HMONITOR hMonitor, HDC hdc, LPRECT lprect, LPARAM lparam)
{
    monitors[monitorsCount] = hMonitor;
    monitorsCount++;

    return TRUE;
}

int main()
{
    EnumDisplayMonitors(NULL, NULL, Monitorenumproc, 0);

    _SHELLEXECUTEINFOW info;
    ZeroMemory(&info, sizeof(info));
    info.cbSize = sizeof(info);
    info.fMask = SEE_MASK_HMONITOR;
    //info.lpVerb = L"open";
    info.lpFile = L"C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe";
    info.nShow = SW_SHOW;
    info.hMonitor = monitors[1]; // Trying to start on the second monitor.

    ShellExecuteExW(&info);

    return 0;
}

Answer 1

正如其他人所建议的那样，这是 Windows 的预期行为并且有充分的理由。

此外，您至少不能依赖 SumatraPDF 的默认窗口放置，因为它肯定不使用 CW_USEDEFAULT，而是将这些值存储在:

%USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\SumatraPDF\SumatraPDF-settings.txt

虽然有多种选择:

1. 使用第三方工具监控顶级窗口，并根据预先配置的规则将它们移动到指定的显示。例如。 DisplayFusion等
2. 使用更轻量级的解决方案，例如 AutoHotkey/AutoIt。
3. 尝试在代码本身中执行此操作。以下是一个有效 解决方案。我在我的盒子上进行了抽烟测试。

免责声明:我并没有编写完整的代码，为了节省时间，我从几个来源中提取了它，对其进行了调整，将其粘合在一起，并使用 SumantraPDF 进行了测试。另请注意，此代码不是最高标准，但可以解决您的问题，并将作为一个可以完成的示例。

C++ 代码:(向下滚动查看 C# 代码)

#include <Windows.h>
#include <vector>

// 0 based index for preferred monitor
static const int PREFERRED_MONITOR = 1;  

struct ProcessWindowsInfo
{
    DWORD ProcessID;
    std::vector<HWND> Windows;

    ProcessWindowsInfo(DWORD const AProcessID)
        : ProcessID(AProcessID)
    {
    }
};

struct MonitorInfo
{
    HMONITOR hMonitor;
    RECT rect;
};


BOOL WINAPI EnumProcessWindowsProc(HWND hwnd, LPARAM lParam)
{
    ProcessWindowsInfo *info = reinterpret_cast<ProcessWindowsInfo*>(lParam);
    DWORD WindowProcessID;

    GetWindowThreadProcessId(hwnd, &WindowProcessID);

    if (WindowProcessID == info->ProcessID)
    {
        if (GetWindow(hwnd, GW_OWNER) == (HWND)0 && IsWindowVisible(hwnd))
        {
            info->Windows.push_back(hwnd);
        }
    }

    return true;
}


BOOL CALLBACK Monitorenumproc(HMONITOR hMonitor, HDC hdc, LPRECT lprect, LPARAM lParam)
{
    std::vector<MonitorInfo> *info = reinterpret_cast<std::vector<MonitorInfo>*>(lParam);

    MonitorInfo monitorInfo = { 0 };

    monitorInfo.hMonitor = hMonitor;
    monitorInfo.rect = *lprect;

    info->push_back(monitorInfo);
    return TRUE;
}


int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{

    // NOTE: for now this code works only when the window is not already visible
    // could be easily modified to terminate existing process as required

    SHELLEXECUTEINFO info = { 0 };
    info.cbSize = sizeof(info);
    info.fMask = SEE_MASK_NOCLOSEPROCESS;
    info.lpFile = L"C:\\Program Files\\SumatraPDF\\SumatraPDF.exe"; 
    info.nShow = SW_SHOW;

    std::vector<MonitorInfo> connectedMonitors;

    // Get all available displays
    EnumDisplayMonitors(NULL, NULL, Monitorenumproc, reinterpret_cast<LPARAM>(&connectedMonitors));

    if (ShellExecuteEx(&info))
    {
        WaitForInputIdle(info.hProcess, INFINITE);

        ProcessWindowsInfo Info(GetProcessId(info.hProcess));

        // Go though all windows from that process
        EnumWindows((WNDENUMPROC)EnumProcessWindowsProc, reinterpret_cast<LPARAM>(&Info.ProcessID));

        if (Info.Windows.size() == 1)
        {
            // only if we got at most 1 window
            // NOTE: applications can have more than 1 top level window. But at least for SumtraPDF this works!

            if (connectedMonitors.size() >= PREFERRED_MONITOR)
            {
                // only move the window if we were able to successfully detect available monitors

                SetWindowPos(Info.Windows.at(0), 0, connectedMonitors.at(PREFERRED_MONITOR).rect.left, connectedMonitors.at(PREFERRED_MONITOR).rect.top, 0, 0, SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOZORDER);
            }
        }

        CloseHandle(info.hProcess);
    }

    return 0;
}

为了强调我在代码中的评论之一。 此代码仅在相关进程尚未运行时才有效。否则，您可以根据您的要求调整代码。

更新:在下面添加了 C# 代码，因为我意识到 OP 更喜欢 C#。此代码还内置了终止逻辑。

C#代码:

[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
private static extern bool SetWindowPos(IntPtr hWnd, IntPtr hWndInsertAfter, int X, int Y, int cx, int cy, int uFlags);

private const int SWP_NOSIZE = 0x0001;
private const int SWP_NOZORDER = 0x0004;

private const int PREFERRED_MONITOR = 1;

static void Main(string[] args)
{

    // NOTE: you will have to reference System.Windows.Forms and System.Drawing (or 
    // equivalent WPF assemblies) for Screen and Rectangle

    // Terminate existing SumatraPDF process, else we will not get the MainWindowHandle by following method.
    List<Process> existingProcesses = Process.GetProcessesByName("SumatraPDF").ToList();

    foreach (var existingProcess in existingProcesses)
    {
        // Ouch! Ruthlessly kill the existing SumatraPDF instances
        existingProcess.Kill();
    }

    // Start the new instance of SumantraPDF

    Process process = Process.Start(@"C:\Program Files\SumatraPDF\SumatraPDF.exe");

    // wait max 5 seconds for process to be active
    process.WaitForInputIdle(5000);


    if (Screen.AllScreens.Length >= PREFERRED_MONITOR)
    {
        SetWindowPos(process.MainWindowHandle,
            IntPtr.Zero,
            Screen.AllScreens[PREFERRED_MONITOR].WorkingArea.Left,
            Screen.AllScreens[PREFERRED_MONITOR].WorkingArea.Top,
            0, 0, SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOZORDER);
    }
}