windows - 在 Windows 7 上安装 Haskell 模块

Question

昨天我尝试通过 cabal 安装 Haskell 模块，以便熟悉 Haskell 中模块的安装。我必须先安装 cabal。

我的系统:Windows 7

Haskell 编译器版本:GHC 7.0.2(链接 http://www.haskell.org/ghc/download)

cabal :http://haskell.org/cabal/download.html

我会一步一步描述这个过程，希望你能指出我在cabal和用cabal安装包时的错误行为。

过程:

1. 已安装 Haskell 编译器 GHC 7.0.2

   从 Windows 7 开始菜单启动 GHCi，在 DOS 窗口中提供以下输出:

   GHCi, version 7.0.2: Website  :? for help .
   Loading package ghc-prim ... linking ... done.
   Loading package integer-gmp ... linking ... done.
   Loading package base ... linking ... done.
   Loading package ffi-1.0 ... linking ... done.
   Prelude>                                                 
   

   到目前为止一切顺利:基础包中的每个函数都可以访问，并且按照预期的方式运行。

   结论:GHCi安装没有错误步骤。

2. 从源代码下载 cabal.exe(见介绍)，将其复制到 C:\ghc\ghc-7.0.2\bin(添加到 %Path%-variables 中)

3. 已下载 cabal-install-0.8.2.tar.gz，因为该站点建议用户需要该软件包才能进行全新安装。
4. 打开新的dos提示窗口
5. 键入 cabal update(根据站点建议)，它确实更新了列表并返回到用户提示模式
6. 输入cd C:\pathwhere\cabal-install-0.8.2.tar.gz(切换到cabal-install文件所在目录)

7. 键入 cabal install cabal-install-0.8.2，此后安装开始在 dos 框中创建以下输出:

   Resolving dependencies...
   Downloading containers-0.3.0.0...
   Configuring containers-0.3.0.0...
   Preprocessing library containers-0.3.0.0...
   Building containers-0.3.0.0...
   [1 of 7] Compiling Data.Sequence    ( Data\Sequence.hs, dist\build\Data\Sequence.o )
   [2 of 7] Compiling Data.Set         ( Data\Set.hs, dist\build\Data\Set.o )
   [3 of 7] Compiling Data.Map         ( Data\Map.hs, dist\build\Data\Map.o )
   [4 of 7] Compiling Data.IntSet      ( Data\IntSet.hs, dist\build\Data\IntSet.o )
   [5 of 7] Compiling Data.IntMap      ( Data\IntMap.hs, dist\build\Data\IntMap.o )
   [6 of 7] Compiling Data.Tree        ( Data\Tree.hs, dist\build\Data\Tree.o )
   [7 of 7] Compiling Data.Graph       ( Data\Graph.hs, dist\build\Data\Graph.o )
   cabal: ar is required but it could not be found.
   Downloading filepath-1.1.0.4...
   Configuring filepath-1.1.0.4...
   Preprocessing library filepath-1.1.0.4...
   Building filepath-1.1.0.4...
   [1 of 3] Compiling System.FilePath.Posix ( System\FilePath\Posix.hs, dist\build\System\FilePath\Posix.o )
   [2 of 3] Compiling System.FilePath.Windows ( System\FilePath\Windows.hs, dist\build\System\FilePath\Windows.o )
   [3 of 3] Compiling System.FilePath  ( System\FilePath.hs, dist\build\System\FilePath.o )
   cabal: ar is required but it could not be found.
   Downloading parsec-2.1.0.1...
   Configuring parsec-2.1.0.1...
   Preprocessing library parsec-2.1.0.1...
   Building parsec-2.1.0.1...
   [ 1 of 10] Compiling Text.ParserCombinators.Parsec.Pos ( Text\ParserCombinators\Parsec\Pos.hs, dist\build\Text\ParserCombinators\Parsec\Pos.o )
   [ 2 of 10] Compiling Text.ParserCombinators.Parsec.Error ( Text\ParserCombinators\Parsec\Error.hs, dist\build\Text\ParserCombinators\Parsec\Error.o )
   [ 3 of 10] Compiling Text.ParserCombinators.Parsec.Prim ( Text\ParserCombinators\Parsec\Prim.hs, dist\build\Text\ParserCombinators\Parsec\Prim.o )
   [ 4 of 10] Compiling Text.ParserCombinators.Parsec.Char ( Text\ParserCombinators\Parsec\Char.hs, dist\build\Text\ParserCombinators\Parsec\Char.o )
   [ 5 of 10] Compiling Text.ParserCombinators.Parsec.Combinator ( Text\ParserCombinators\Parsec\Combinator.hs, dist\build\Text\ParserCombinators\Parsec\Combinator.o )
   [ 6 of 10] Compiling Text.ParserCombinators.Parsec.Expr ( Text\ParserCombinators\Parsec\Expr.hs, dist\build\Text\ParserCombinators\Parsec\Expr.o )
   [ 7 of 10] Compiling Text.ParserCombinators.Parsec ( Text\ParserCombinators\Parsec.hs, dist\build\Text\ParserCombinators\Parsec.o )
   [ 8 of 10] Compiling Text.ParserCombinators.Parsec.Token ( Text\ParserCombinators\Parsec\Token.hs, dist\build\Text\ParserCombinators\Parsec\Token.o )
   [ 9 of 10] Compiling Text.ParserCombinators.Parsec.Perm ( Text\ParserCombinators\Parsec\Perm.hs, dist\build\Text\ParserCombinators\Parsec\Perm.o )
   [10 of 10] Compiling Text.ParserCombinators.Parsec.Language ( Text\ParserCombinators\Parsec\Language.hs, dist\build\Text\ParserCombinators\Parsec\Language.o )
   cabal: ar is required but it could not be found.
   Downloading time-1.1.4...
   [1 of 1] Compiling Main             ( C:\Users\altug\AppData\Local\Temp\time-1.1.43528time-1.1.4\Setup.hs, C:\Users\altug\AppData\Local\Temp\time-1.1.43528\time-1.1.4\dist\setup\Main.o )
   C:\Users\altug\AppData\Local\Temp\time-1.1.43528\time-1.1.4\Setup.hs:5:1:
       Warning: In the use of `runTests'
                (imported from Distribution.Simple, but defined in Distribution.Simple.UserHooks):
                Deprecated: "Please use the new testing interface instead!"
   Linking C:\Users\altug\AppData\Local\Temp\time-1.1.43528\time-1.1.4\dist\setup\setup.exe ...
   Configuring time-1.1.4...
   Preprocessing library time-1.1.4...
   Building time-1.1.4...
   [ 1 of 24] Compiling Data.Time.Clock.CTimeval ( Data\Time\Clock\CTimeval.hs, dist\build\Data\Time\Clock\CTimeval.o )
   [ 2 of 24] Compiling Data.Time.Clock.Scale ( Data\Time\Clock\Scale.hs, dist\build\Data\Time\Clock\Scale.o )
   [ 3 of 24] Compiling Data.Time.Calendar.Private ( Data\Time\Calendar\Private.hs, dist\build\Data\Time\Calendar\Private.o )
   [ 4 of 24] Compiling Data.Time.Calendar.MonthDay ( Data\Time\Calendar\MonthDay.hs, dist\build\Data\Time\Calendar\MonthDay.o )
   [ 5 of 24] Compiling Data.Time.Calendar.Days ( Data\Time\Calendar\Days.hs, dist\build\Data\Time\Calendar\Days.o )
   [ 6 of 24] Compiling Data.Time.Calendar.OrdinalDate ( Data\Time\Calendar\OrdinalDate.hs, dist\build\Data\Time\Calendar\OrdinalDate.o )
   [ 7 of 24] Compiling Data.Time.Calendar.Gregorian ( Data\Time\Calendar\Gregorian.hs, dist\build\Data\Time\Calendar\Gregorian.o )
   [ 8 of 24] Compiling Data.Time.Calendar.WeekDate ( Data\Time\Calendar\WeekDate.hs, dist\build\Data\Time\Calendar\WeekDate.o )
   [ 9 of 24] Compiling Data.Time.Calendar.JulianYearDay ( Data\Time\Calendar\JulianYearDay.hs, dist\build\Data\Time\Calendar\JulianYearDay.o )
   [10 of 24] Compiling Data.Time.Calendar.Julian ( Data\Time\Calendar\Julian.hs, dist\build\Data\Time\Calendar\Julian.o )
   [11 of 24] Compiling Data.Time.Clock.UTC ( Data\Time\Clock\UTC.hs, dist\build\Data\Time\Clock\UTC.o )
   [12 of 24] Compiling Data.Time.Clock.POSIX ( Data\Time\Clock\POSIX.hs, dist\build\Data\Time\Clock\POSIX.o )
   [13 of 24] Compiling Data.Time.Clock.UTCDiff ( Data\Time\Clock\UTCDiff.hs, dist\build\Data\Time\Clock\UTCDiff.o )
   [14 of 24] Compiling Data.Time.Clock  ( Data\Time\Clock.hs, dist\build\Data\Time\Clock.o )
   [15 of 24] Compiling Data.Time.LocalTime.TimeZone ( Data\Time\LocalTime\TimeZone.hs, dist\build\Data\Time\LocalTime\TimeZone.o )
   [16 of 24] Compiling Data.Time.LocalTime.TimeOfDay ( Data\Time\LocalTime\TimeOfDay.hs, dist\build\Data\Time\LocalTime\TimeOfDay.o )
   [17 of 24] Compiling Data.Time.Calendar ( Data\Time\Calendar.hs, dist\build\Data\Time\Calendar.o )
   [18 of 24] Compiling Data.Time.Calendar.Easter ( Data\Time\Calendar\Easter.hs, dist\build\Data\Time\Calendar\Easter.o )
   [19 of 24] Compiling Data.Time.LocalTime.LocalTime ( Data\Time\LocalTime\LocalTime.hs, dist\build\Data\Time\LocalTime\LocalTime.o )
   [20 of 24] Compiling Data.Time.LocalTime ( Data\Time\LocalTime.hs, dist\build\Data\Time\LocalTime.o )
   [21 of 24] Compiling Data.Time.Clock.TAI ( Data\Time\Clock\TAI.hs, dist\build\Data\Time\Clock\TAI.o )
   [22 of 24] Compiling Data.Time.Format.Parse ( Data\Time\Format\Parse.hs, dist\build\Data\Time\Format\Parse.o )
   [23 of 24] Compiling Data.Time.Format ( Data\Time\Format.hs, dist\build\Data\Time\Format.o )
   [24 of 24] Compiling Data.Time        ( Data\Time.hs, dist\build\Data\Time.o )
   Registering time-1.1.4...
   Installing library in
   C:\Users\altug\AppData\Roaming\cabal\time-1.1.4\ghc-7.0.2
   Registering time-1.1.4...
   Downloading random-1.0.0.3...
   Configuring random-1.0.0.3...
   Preprocessing library random-1.0.0.3...
   Building random-1.0.0.3...
   [1 of 1] Compiling System.Random    ( System\Random.hs, dist\build\System\Random.o )
   cabal: ar is required but it could not be found.
   Downloading transformers-0.2.2.0...
   Configuring transformers-0.2.2.0...
   Preprocessing library transformers-0.2.2.0...
   Building transformers-0.2.2.0...
   [ 1 of 21] Compiling Data.Functor.Product ( Data\Functor\Product.hs, dist\buildData\Functor\Product.o )
   [ 2 of 21] Compiling Data.Functor.Constant ( Data\Functor\Constant.hs, dist\build\Data\Functor\Constant.o )
   [ 3 of 21] Compiling Data.Functor.Compose ( Data\Functor\Compose.hs, dist\build\Data\Functor\Compose.o )
   [ 4 of 21] Compiling Data.Functor.Identity ( Data\Functor\Identity.hs, dist\build\Data\Functor\Identity.o )
   [ 5 of 21] Compiling Control.Monad.Trans.Class ( Control\Monad\Trans\Class.hs, dist\build\Control\Monad\Trans\Class.o )
   [ 6 of 21] Compiling Control.Monad.IO.Class ( Control\Monad\IO\Class.hs, dist\build\Control\Monad\IO\Class.o )
   [ 7 of 21] Compiling Control.Monad.Trans.Cont ( Control\Monad\Trans\Cont.hs, dist\build\Control\Monad\Trans\Cont.o )
   [ 8 of 21] Compiling Control.Monad.Trans.Error ( Control\Monad\Trans\Error.hs, dist\build\Control\Monad\Trans\Error.o )
   [ 9 of 21] Compiling Control.Monad.Trans.Identity ( Control\Monad\Trans\Identity.hs, dist\build\Control\Monad\Trans\Identity.o )
   [10 of 21] Compiling Control.Monad.Trans.List ( Control\Monad\Trans\List.hs, dist\build\Control\Monad\Trans\List.o )
   [11 of 21] Compiling Control.Monad.Trans.Maybe ( Control\Monad\Trans\Maybe.hs, dist\build\Control\Monad\Trans\Maybe.o )
   [12 of 21] Compiling Control.Monad.Trans.Reader ( Control\Monad\Trans\Reader.hs, dist\build\Control\Monad\Trans\Reader.o )
   [13 of 21] Compiling Control.Monad.Trans.RWS.Lazy ( Control\Monad\Trans\RWS\Lazy.hs, dist\build\Control\Monad\Trans\RWS\Lazy.o )
   [14 of 21] Compiling Control.Monad.Trans.RWS ( Control\Monad\Trans\RWS.hs, dist\build\Control\Monad\Trans\RWS.o )
   [15 of 21] Compiling Control.Monad.Trans.RWS.Strict ( Control\Monad\Trans\RWS\Strict.hs, dist\build\Control\Monad\Trans\RWS\Strict.o )
   [16 of 21] Compiling Control.Monad.Trans.State.Lazy ( Control\Monad\Trans\State\Lazy.hs, dist\build\Control\Monad\Trans\State\Lazy.o )
   [17 of 21] Compiling Control.Monad.Trans.State ( Control\Monad\Trans\State.hs, dist\build\Control\Monad\Trans\State.o )
   [18 of 21] Compiling Control.Monad.Trans.State.Strict ( Control\Monad\Trans\State\Strict.hs, dist\build\Control\Monad\Trans\State\Strict.o )
   [19 of 21] Compiling Control.Monad.Trans.Writer.Lazy ( Control\Monad\Trans\Writer\Lazy.hs, dist\build\Control\Monad\Trans\Writer\Lazy.o )
   [20 of 21] Compiling Control.Monad.Trans.Writer ( Control\Monad\Trans\Writer.hs, dist\build\Control\Monad\Trans\Writer.o )
   [21 of 21] Compiling Control.Monad.Trans.Writer.Strict ( Control\Monad\Trans\Writer\Strict.hs, dist\build\Control\Monad\Trans\Writer\Strict.o )
   cabal: ar is required but it could not be found.
   Downloading zlib-0.5.3.1...
   Configuring zlib-0.5.3.1...
   Preprocessing library zlib-0.5.3.1...
   Building zlib-0.5.3.1...
   [1 of 5] Compiling Codec.Compression.Zlib.Stream ( dist\build\Codec\Compression\Zlib\Stream.hs, dist\build\Codec\Compression\Zlib\Stream.o )
   [2 of 5] Compiling Codec.Compression.Zlib.Internal ( Codec\Compression\Zlib\Internal.hs, dist\build\Codec\Compression\Zlib\Internal.o )
   [3 of 5] Compiling Codec.Compression.Zlib.Raw ( Codec\Compression\Zlib\Raw.hs, dist\build\Codec\Compression\Zlib\Raw.o )
   [4 of 5] Compiling Codec.Compression.Zlib ( Codec\Compression\Zlib.hs, dist\build\Codec\Compression\Zlib.o )
   [5 of 5] Compiling Codec.Compression.GZip ( Codec\Compression\GZip.hs, dist\build\Codec\Compression\GZip.o )
   cabal: ar is required but it could not be found.
   cabal: Error: some packages failed to install:
   Cabal-1.8.0.6 depends on filepath-1.1.0.4 which failed to install.
   HTTP-4000.1.1 depends on transformers-0.2.2.0 which failed to install.
   cabal-install-0.8.2 depends on zlib-0.5.3.1 which failed to install.
   containers-0.3.0.0 failed during the building phase. The exception was:
   ExitFailure 1
   directory-1.0.1.2 depends on filepath-1.1.0.4 which failed to install.
   filepath-1.1.0.4 failed during the building phase. The exception was:
   ExitFailure 1
   mtl-2.0.1.0 depends on transformers-0.2.2.0 which failed to install.
   network-2.3.0.2 depends on parsec-2.1.0.1 which failed to install.
   parsec-2.1.0.1 failed during the building phase. The exception was:
   ExitFailure 1
   process-1.0.1.5 depends on filepath-1.1.0.4 which failed to install.
   random-1.0.0.3 failed during the building phase. The exception was:
   ExitFailure 1
   transformers-0.2.2.0 failed during the building phase. The exception was:
   ExitFailure 1
   zlib-0.5.3.1 failed during the building phase. The exception was:
   ExitFailure 1
   

   我的结论:

   很容易看出，输出显示了一些错误，但我不知道它们是什么意思。我继续尝试安装我的代数包，重点是使它从第 1 步开始对 Dos-Interpeter 可用。

8. 再次在 dos-box 输入提示符下，我输入了 cabal install constructive-algebra，这产生了这个输出:

   Resolving dependencies...
   cabal: cannot configure algebra-0.0.0.1. It requires base >=3.0 && <4.1
   For the dependency on base >=3.0 && <4.1 there are these packages:
   base-3.0.3.1, base-3.0.3.2 and base-4.0.0.0. However none of them are available.
   base-3.0.3.1 was excluded because of the top level dependency base -any
   base-3.0.3.2 was excluded because of the top level dependency base -any
   base-4.0.0.0 was excluded because of the top level dependency base -any
   

我想这个包没有安装。我需要有人可以解释我需要执行哪些具体步骤才能使模块正常工作。

感谢您阅读这篇文章并以让我理解它的方式回答以及解释器和编译器的工作。

Answer 1

最简单的方法是像 DasBoot 推荐的那样获得 Haskell 平台，但无论如何我都会尝试回答您的问题:

1) 对于问题的第一部分，您的安装失败是因为您的路径有问题。找不到工具“ar”。 ar 在创建库时使用。如果您在命令窗口中只键入“ar”，它应该返回类似于

Usage: ar [emulation options] [-]{dmpqrstx}[abcfilNoPsSuvV] [member-name] [count ] archive-file file... ar -M [

如果没有，则需要将包含 ar 的文件夹(可能是 C:\ghc\ghc-7.0.2\mingw\bin)添加到 Windows 中的路径环境变量中。

2) 你的代数库不会安装在 7.0.2 下，至少不是开箱即用的。代数有一个依赖项，列为“依赖项:base >=3.0 && <4.1”

但是 ghc 7.0 带有 base 4.3。这就是您收到的原因:

cabal: cannot configure algebra-0.0.0.1. It requires base >=3.0 && <4.1

For the dependency on base >=3.0 && <4.1 there are these packages:

base-3.0.3.1, base-3.0.3.2 and base-4.0.0.0. However none of them are available

幸运的是，对于这个特定的空气包，这个问题可以很容易地解决。就这样

cabal unpack algebra

cd algebra-0.0.0.1

notepad algebra.cabal

change the 4.1 to a 4.4

cabal install

这样就可以了