scala - Casbah & Rogue for MongoDB - 查询功能

Question

我目前正在使用 Casbah 和 MongoDB 来实现网络服务。到目前为止，我没有遇到任何问题。我也在使用 Scala。

但是，我只是想知道是否有比 Casbah 更好的东西来执行大量 find/findOne 类型的查询。

我遇到了 Rogue，这是一种基于 Scala 的类型安全 DSL，据说可以使查询更容易、更具可读性。

所以，我想知道转向 Rogue 是否有用，以便随着 Web 服务项目变得越来越大和越来越复杂，让 Rogue 支持查询可能会有所帮助？

只是想知道我是否应该继续或转向更好的东西。

Answer 1

目前，Rogue 仅适用于 Lift's MongoDB-Record系统。

它提供完全类型安全的部分原因是它为 Lift-Record 使用了一个强大的、定义良好的对象结构。由于您拥有完整的结构，因此您进行“自由形式”查询的能力要差得多。这就是我在最近的 Scala 网络研讨会上所做的 Lift-Record + Rogue 演示的意思。自从我这样做以来，Lift & Rogue 中的一些内容发生了变化，因此代码可能略微过时但仍然具有代表性。这是 MongoDB 的提升记录模型:

object LiftRecordDemo extends Application {
  // We'll use enums for Type and Subtype
  object EventType extends Enumeration {
    type EventType = Value
    val Conference, Webinar = Value
  }

  object EventSubType extends Enumeration {
    type EventSubType = Value
    val FullDay = Value("Full Day")
    val HalfDay = Value("Half Day")
  }



  class MongoEvent extends MongoRecord[MongoEvent] with MongoId[MongoEvent] {
    def meta = MongoEvent

    object name extends StringField(this, 255)
    object eventType extends EnumField(this, EventType) 
    object eventSubType extends OptionalEnumField(this, EventSubType)
    object location extends JsonObjectField[MongoEvent, EventLocation](this, EventLocation)  {
      def defaultValue = EventLocation(None, None, None, None, None, None, None)
    }

    object hashtag extends OptionalStringField(this, 32)
    object language extends OptionalStringField(this, 32)
    object date extends JsonObjectField[MongoEvent, EventDate](this, EventDate) {
      def defaultValue = EventDate(new DateTime, None)
    }

    object url extends OptionalStringField(this, 255)
    object presenter extends OptionalStringField(this, 255)

  }

  object MongoEvent extends MongoEvent with MongoMetaRecord[MongoEvent] {
    override def collectionName = "mongoEvents"
    override def formats = super.formats + new EnumSerializer(EventType) + new EnumSerializer(EventSubType)
  }


  case class EventLocation(val venueName: Option[String], val url: Option[String], val address: Option[String], val city: Option[String], val state: Option[String], val zip: Option[String], val country: Option[String]) extends JsonObject[EventLocation] {
    def meta = EventLocation
  }

  object EventLocation extends JsonObjectMeta[EventLocation]

  case class EventDate(start: DateTime, end: Option[DateTime]) extends JsonObject[EventDate] {
    def meta = EventDate
  }

  object EventDate extends JsonObjectMeta[EventDate]
}

如您所见，您需要提前定义您的 MongoDB 数据模型，以便获得强类型、安全查询的好处……Rogue 在编译时强制执行其中的大部分。以下是针对此模型的一些 Rogue 示例:

  // Tell Lift about our DB
  val mongoAddr = MongoAddress(MongoHost("127.0.0.1", 27017), "scalaWebinar")

  MongoDB.defineDb(DefaultMongoIdentifier, mongoAddr)

  // Rogue gives us a saner approach, although still hobbled by some
  // of Lift-MongoDB-Record's limits on embedded docs

  val q = MongoEvent where (_.eventType eqs EventType.Webinar)

  println("Rogue created a Query '%s'\n\n".format(q))

  for (x <- MongoEvent where (_.eventType eqs EventType.Webinar)) {
    println("Name: %s Presenter: %s\n".format(x.name, x.presenter))
  }

  // Rogue can also do sorting for you, which is useful

  println("\n\n\n")

  for (x <- MongoEvent where (_.eventType eqs EventType.Conference) 
                       orderAsc(_.language) andDesc(_.name)) { 
    println("Name: %s Language: %s\n".format(x.name, x.language))
  }
  val start = new DateTime(2011, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0)
  val end = new DateTime(2011, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0)

    /** The following would be nice but unfortunately, 
      doesn't work because of lift's current embedded doc
      implementation
    */
  //val dateQ = MongoEvent where (_.date.start after start) 
                           //and (_.date.end before end)

请注意，我并不是说 Rogue 和 Lift-Record 不好，只是说它们基于一个强定义的编译时数据模型。

相反，如果您想使用与 Casbah 类似的上下文，我们确实有一个内置 DSL，它旨在尽可能接近地模仿 MongoDB 的内置查询模型。它适用于任何任意底层模型，但在可能的情况下会执行很多类型安全级别。这是 Casbah 查询的一个示例(由于来自同一演示文稿而略有过时):

  // What about querying?  Lets find all the non-US events

  for (x <- mongo.find(MongoDBObject("location.country" -> 
                        MongoDBObject("$ne" -> "USA")))) println(x)

  /* There's a problem here: We got back the Webinars too because 
     They don't have a country at all, so they aren't "USA"
    */
  println("\n\nTesting for existence of Location.Country:")

  for (x <- mongo.find(MongoDBObject("location.country" -> MongoDBObject(
                       "$ne" -> "USA",
                       "$exists" -> true 
                      )))) println(x)

  // This is getting a bit unwieldy.  Thankfully, Casbah offers a DSL
  val q = $or ("location.country" -> "USA", "location.country" -> "Japan")

  println("\n Created a DBObject: %s".format(q))

  println("\n Querying using DSL Object...")

  for (x <- mongo.find(q)) println(x)

  // It's possible to construct more complex queries too.

  // Lets find everything in February

  println("\n February Events...")
  val start = new DateTime(2011, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0)
  val end = new DateTime(2011, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0)
  val dateQ = "date.start" $gte start $lt end 

  println("\n Date Query: %s".format(dateQ))

  for (x <- mongo.find(dateQ, MongoDBObject("name" -> true, "date" -> true))) println(x)

值得注意的是，我们正在查询自由形式模型，但使用 DSL 运算符而不是嵌套的 MongoDB 定义。有很多很棒的运算符映射，一直到 $type 运算符，使用类 list 测试类型以确保编译时安全:

"Casbah's $type operator" should {
  "Accept raw Byte indicators (e.g. from org.bson.BSON)" in {
    // Don't need to test every value here since it's just a byte
    val typeOper = "foo" $type org.bson.BSON.NUMBER_LONG
    typeOper must notBeNull
    typeOper.toString must notBeNull
    typeOper must haveSuperClass[DBObject]
    typeOper must beEqualTo(nonDSL("foo", "$type", org.bson.BSON.NUMBER_LONG))
  }

  "Accept manifested Type arguments" in {
    "Doubles" in {
      val typeOper = "foo".$type[Double]
      typeOper must notBeNull
      typeOper.toString must notBeNull
      typeOper must haveSuperClass[DBObject]
      typeOper must beEqualTo(nonDSL("foo", "$type", org.bson.BSON.NUMBER))
    }
    "Strings" in {
      val typeOper = "foo".$type[String]
      typeOper must notBeNull
      typeOper.toString must notBeNull
      typeOper must haveSuperClass[DBObject]
      typeOper must beEqualTo(nonDSL("foo", "$type", org.bson.BSON.STRING))
    }
    "Object" in {
      "via BSONObject" in {
        val typeOper = "foo".$type[org.bson.BSONObject]
        typeOper must notBeNull
        typeOper.toString must notBeNull
        typeOper must haveSuperClass[DBObject]
        typeOper must beEqualTo(nonDSL("foo", "$type", org.bson.BSON.OBJECT))
      }
      "via DBObject" in {
        val typeOper = "foo".$type[DBObject]
        typeOper must notBeNull
        typeOper.toString must notBeNull
        typeOper must haveSuperClass[DBObject]
        typeOper must beEqualTo(nonDSL("foo", "$type", org.bson.BSON.OBJECT))
      }
    }
    "Array" in {
      "via BasicDBList" in {
        val typeOper = "foo".$type[BasicDBList]
        typeOper must notBeNull
        typeOper.toString must notBeNull
        typeOper must haveSuperClass[DBObject]
        typeOper must beEqualTo(nonDSL("foo", "$type", org.bson.BSON.ARRAY))
      }
      "via BasicBSONList" in {
        val typeOper = "foo".$type[org.bson.types.BasicBSONList]
        typeOper must notBeNull
        typeOper.toString must notBeNull
        typeOper must haveSuperClass[DBObject]
        typeOper must beEqualTo(nonDSL("foo", "$type", org.bson.BSON.ARRAY))
      }
    }
    "OID" in {
      val typeOper = "foo".$type[ObjectId]
      typeOper must notBeNull
      typeOper.toString must notBeNull
      typeOper must haveSuperClass[DBObject]
      typeOper must beEqualTo(nonDSL("foo", "$type", org.bson.BSON.OID))
    }
    "Boolean" in {
      val typeOper = "foo".$type[Boolean]
      typeOper must notBeNull
      typeOper.toString must notBeNull
      typeOper must haveSuperClass[DBObject]
      typeOper must beEqualTo(nonDSL("foo", "$type", org.bson.BSON.BOOLEAN))
    }
    "Date" in {
      "via JDKDate" in {
        val typeOper = "foo".$type[java.util.Date]
        typeOper must notBeNull
        typeOper.toString must notBeNull
        typeOper must haveSuperClass[DBObject]
        typeOper must beEqualTo(nonDSL("foo", "$type", org.bson.BSON.DATE))
      }
      "via Joda DateTime" in {
        val typeOper = "foo".$type[org.joda.time.DateTime]
        typeOper must notBeNull
        typeOper.toString must notBeNull
        typeOper must haveSuperClass[DBObject]
        typeOper must beEqualTo(nonDSL("foo", "$type", org.bson.BSON.DATE))
      }
    }
    "None (null)" in {
      // For some reason you can't use NONE 
      val typeOper = "foo".$type[Option[Nothing]]
      typeOper must notBeNull
      typeOper.toString must notBeNull
      typeOper must haveSuperClass[DBObject]
      typeOper must beEqualTo(nonDSL("foo", "$type", org.bson.BSON.NULL))
    }
    "Regex" in {
      "Scala Regex" in {
        val typeOper = "foo".$type[scala.util.matching.Regex]
        typeOper must notBeNull
        typeOper.toString must notBeNull
        typeOper must haveSuperClass[DBObject]
        typeOper must beEqualTo(nonDSL("foo", "$type", org.bson.BSON.REGEX))
      }
    }
    "Symbol" in {
      val typeOper = "foo".$type[Symbol]
      typeOper must notBeNull
      typeOper.toString must notBeNull
      typeOper must haveSuperClass[DBObject]
      typeOper must beEqualTo(nonDSL("foo", "$type", org.bson.BSON.SYMBOL))
    }
    "Number (integer)" in {
      val typeOper = "foo".$type[Int]
      typeOper must notBeNull
      typeOper.toString must notBeNull
      typeOper must haveSuperClass[DBObject]
      typeOper must beEqualTo(nonDSL("foo", "$type", org.bson.BSON.NUMBER_INT))
    }
    "Number (Long)" in {
      val typeOper = "foo".$type[Long]
      typeOper must notBeNull
      typeOper.toString must notBeNull
      typeOper must haveSuperClass[DBObject]
      typeOper must beEqualTo(nonDSL("foo", "$type", org.bson.BSON.NUMBER_LONG))
    }
    "Timestamp" in {
      val typeOper = "foo".$type[java.sql.Timestamp]
      typeOper must notBeNull
      typeOper.toString must notBeNull
      typeOper must haveSuperClass[DBObject]
      typeOper must beEqualTo(nonDSL("foo", "$type", org.bson.BSON.TIMESTAMP))
    }
    "Binary" in {
      val typeOper = "foo".$type[Array[Byte]]
      typeOper must notBeNull
      typeOper.toString must notBeNull
      typeOper must haveSuperClass[DBObject]
      typeOper must beEqualTo(nonDSL("foo", "$type", org.bson.BSON.BINARY))
    }

  }

(注意:您需要将 casbah-query 包及其相关导入导入到您的代码中，或者使用来自预模块化的默认“casbah”导入)。 Casbah 的规范目前已完全涵盖每个 DSL 运营商；目前文档滞后，但 Specs 很好地介绍了它们的用法。请注意，Casbah 中有两种 运算符，就像在 MongoDB 中一样。

Bareword Operators, in which the leftmost part of the statement is the $ Operator. Examples of this are $set, $rename, etc. See the Specs for Bareword Operators for more.

"Core" Operators, are operators that exist on the right hand side of the statement, such as $type. See the Specs for Core Operators for more.

我知道这是一个相当详细的答案，但我想确保您了解您的选择，以及这两种解决方案的局限性。 Casbah 将为您提供一个与 MongoDB 紧密映射的 DSL，并删除一些语法上的麻烦(请记住，Casbah 在 DBObject 上提供了一个 getAs[T] 方法来请求DBObject 中的值作为特定 类型，人们经常忽略)；许多用户在寻求一些东西来做内置的事情之前并不知道 DSL 的存在。但是，在某些人看来，Casbah 的查询 DSL 也看起来有点“笨拙”......作为它的作者我更喜欢它的简单和优雅，因为我只需要记住用于查询的 **MONGODB* 语法，而不是 MongoDB 和另一个 DSL。它还基于自由形式查询，并且不提供与 Rogue 相同的结构化、编译时类型安全和感知功能。

相比之下，Rogue 还需要针对它的完全定义的 Record 模型，这并不适合每个应用程序。

不过，如果您的需求有一个“中间地带”，而这两种产品都不能很好地满足，我很想知道这两种产品的哪些方面可以改进。