c# - 证书库中证书的私钥不可读

Question

我想我也遇到了同样的问题 like this guy ，但我没有他/她那么幸运，因为提供的解决方案对我不起作用。

提供的解决方案在 C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA\MachineKeys(不 子目录)和 C:\Users\[用户名]\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA(和子目录)但是，由于我希望安装程序将应用程序安装给所有用户，因此自定义操作在 SYSTEM-User 下运行，这导致在 C:\ProgramData\Application Data 中实际创建的文件\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA\S-1-5-18。

当以管理员身份运行“正常”应用程序(右键单击 -> 以管理员身份运行)执行完全相同的代码时，将在 C:\Users\[Username]\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\创建一个文件加密\RSA\S-1-5-21-1154405193-2177794320-4133247715-1000。

使用 WIX 自定义操作生成的证书似乎没有私钥(“ key 集不存在”)，而“普通”应用程序生成的证书有。

当查看文件的权限时，它们似乎没问题，即使它们不同(工作的确实包括 SYSTEM 用户)，即使在添加 SYSTEM 一个到(“非工作”)文件我无法读取私钥，这里有同样的错误。

然后我用了FindPrivateKey util 找到相应的文件，但我得到的只是 "Unable to obtain private key file name"。

好的，这里发生了什么？ Windows 在哪里存储由 SYSTEM 用户存储的证书的私钥？也许没有创建任何私钥文件？为什么？

Answer 1

我通过谷歌搜索了几乎所有的东西得到了一个解决方案......据我所知，有一些事情要做:

1. 生成一个X509Certificate2
2. Make sure the private key container is persistent (not temporary)
3. Make sure to have acccess rules for authenticated users , 这样他们就可以看到私钥

所以a想出的最终代码如下:

X509Certificate2 nonPersistentCert = CreateACertSomehow();

// this is only required since there's no constructor for X509Certificate2 that uses X509KeyStorageFlags but a password
// so we create a tmp password, which is not reqired to be secure since it's only used in memory
// and the private key will be included (plain) in the final cert anyway
const string TMP_PFX_PASSWORD = "password";

// create a pfx in memory ...
byte[] nonPersistentCertPfxBytes = nonPersistentCert.Export(X509ContentType.Pfx, TMP_PFX_PASSWORD);

// ... to get an X509Certificate2 object with the X509KeyStorageFlags.PersistKeySet flag set
X509Certificate2 serverCert = new X509Certificate2(nonPersistentCertPfxBytes, TMP_PFX_PASSWORD,
    X509KeyStorageFlags.PersistKeySet | X509KeyStorageFlags.MachineKeySet | X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable); // use X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable only if you want the private key to tbe exportable

// get the private key, which currently only the SYSTEM-User has access to
RSACryptoServiceProvider systemUserOnlyReadablePrivateKey = serverCert.PrivateKey as RSACryptoServiceProvider;

// create cspParameters
CspParameters cspParameters = new CspParameters(systemUserOnlyReadablePrivateKey.CspKeyContainerInfo.ProviderType, 
    systemUserOnlyReadablePrivateKey.CspKeyContainerInfo.ProviderName, 
    systemUserOnlyReadablePrivateKey.CspKeyContainerInfo.KeyContainerName)
{
    // CspProviderFlags.UseArchivableKey means the key is exportable, if you don't want that use CspProviderFlags.UseExistingKey instead
    Flags = CspProviderFlags.UseMachineKeyStore | CspProviderFlags.UseArchivableKey,
    CryptoKeySecurity = systemUserOnlyReadablePrivateKey.CspKeyContainerInfo.CryptoKeySecurity
};

// add the access rules
cspParameters.CryptoKeySecurity.AddAccessRule(new CryptoKeyAccessRule(new SecurityIdentifier(WellKnownSidType.AuthenticatedUserSid, null), CryptoKeyRights.GenericRead, AccessControlType.Allow));

// create a new RSACryptoServiceProvider from the cspParameters and assign that as the private key
RSACryptoServiceProvider allUsersReadablePrivateKey = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(cspParameters);
serverCert.PrivateKey = allUsersReadablePrivateKey;

// finally place it into the cert store
X509Store rootStore = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.LocalMachine);
rootStore.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);
rootStore.Add(serverCert);
rootStore.Close();

// :)