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c# - 使用 JSON Patch 向字典添加值

转载 作者:可可西里 更新时间:2023-11-01 08:29:24 25 4
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概览

我正在尝试使用 ASP.NET Core 编写 Web 服务,允许客户端查询和修改微 Controller 的状态。该微 Controller 包含许多我在我的应用程序中建模的系统 - 例如,PWM 系统、执行器输入系统等。

这些系统的组件都有特定的属性,可以使用JSON patch 查询或修改这些属性。要求。例如,可以使用携带 {"op":"replace", "path":"/pwms/3/enabled", "value":true} 的 HTTP 请求启用微型上的第 4 个 PWM。 .为了支持这一点,我使用了 AspNetCore.JsonPatch 图书馆。

我的问题是我正在尝试为新的“CAN 数据库”系统实现 JSON 补丁支持,该系统在逻辑上应该将定义名称映射到特定的 CAN 消息定义,但我没有确定如何解决这个问题。

详情

下图模拟了 CAN 数据库系统。 CanDatabase实例在逻辑上应该包含 IDictionary<string, CanMessageDefinition> 形式的字典.

CAN Database system model

为了支持创建新的消息定义,我的应用程序应该允许用户像这样发送 JSON 补丁请求:

{
"op": "add",
"path": "/candb/my_new_definition",
"value": {
"template": ["...", "..."],
"repeatRate": "...",
"...": "...",
}
}

在这里,my_new_definition将定义定义 name,以及与 value 关联的对象应该反序列化为 CanMessageDefinition 对象。这应该作为一个新的键值对存储在 CanDatabase 中。词典。

问题是 path应该指定一个属性路径,对于静态类型的对象来说,这将是......好吧,静态的(一个异常(exception)是它允许引用数组元素,例如/pwms/3如上)。

我尝试过的

A. Leeroy Jenkins 方法

忘记我知道它不会工作的事实 - 我尝试了下面的实现(尽管我需要支持动态 JSON 补丁路径,但它只使用静态类型)只是为了看看什么发生了。

实现

internal sealed class CanDatabaseModel : DeviceComponentModel<CanDatabaseModel>
{
public CanDatabaseModel()
{
this.Definitions = new Dictionary<string, CanMessageDefinition>();
}

[JsonProperty(PropertyName = "candb")]
public IDictionary<string, CanMessageDefinition> Definitions { get; }

...
}

测试

{
"op": "add",
"path": "/candb/foo",
"value": {
"messageId": 171,
"template": [17, 34],
"repeatRate": 100,
"canPort": 0
}
}

结果

InvalidCastException在我尝试将指定更改应用到 JsonPatchDocument 的网站上被抛出.

网站:

var currentModelSnapshot = this.currentModelFilter(this.currentModel.Copy());
var snapshotWithChangesApplied = currentModelSnapshot.Copy();
diffDocument.ApplyTo(snapshotWithChangesApplied);

异常(exception):

Unable to cast object of type 'Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.JsonDictionaryContract' to type 'Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.JsonObjectContract'.

B.依赖动态 JSON 修补

一个更有希望的攻击计划似乎依赖于dynamic JSON patching ,这涉及对 ExpandoObject 的实例执行补丁操作.这允许您使用 JSON 补丁文档来添加、删除或替换属性,因为您正在处理动态类型的对象。

实现

internal sealed class CanDatabaseModel : DeviceComponentModel<CanDatabaseModel>
{
public CanDatabaseModel()
{
this.Definitions = new ExpandoObject();
}

[JsonProperty(PropertyName = "candb")]
public IDictionary<string, object> Definitions { get; }

...
}

测试

{
"op": "add",
"path": "/candb/foo",
"value": {
"messageId": 171,
"template": [17, 34],
"repeatRate": 100,
"canPort": 0
}
}

结果

进行此更改允许我的这部分测试运行而不会引发异常,但 JSON Patch 不知道要反序列化什么 value as,导致数据作为 JObject 存储在字典中而不是 CanMessageDefinition :

Outcome of attempt B

是否有可能“告诉”JSON Patch 如何反序列化信息?也许类似于使用 JsonConverter Definitions 上的属性?

[JsonProperty(PropertyName = "candb")]
[JsonConverter(...)]
public IDictionary<string, object> Definitions { get; }

总结

  • 我需要支持向字典添加值的 JSON 补丁请求
  • 我试过走纯静态路线,但失败了
  • 我试过使用动态 JSON 修补
    • 这部分有效,但我的数据存储为 JObject键入而不是预期的类型
    • 是否有一个属性(或其他一些技术)可以应用于我的属性,让它反序列化为正确的类型(而不是匿名类型)?

最佳答案

由于似乎没有任何正式的方法可以做到这一点,我想出了一个临时解决方案™(阅读:一个工作得很好的解决方案,所以我可能会永远保留它)。

为了让它看起来像 JSON Patch 处理类似字典的操作,我创建了一个名为 DynamicDeserialisationStore 的类继承自 DynamicObject 并利用 JSON Patch 对动态对象的支持。

更具体地说,这个类重写了像TrySetMember这样的方法。 , TrySetIndex , TryGetMember等本质上就像一个字典,只是它将所有这些操作委托(delegate)给提供给其构造函数的回调。

实现

下面的代码提供了 DynamicDeserialisationStore 的实现。 .它实现了 IDictionary<string, object> (这是处理动态对象所需的签名 JSON 补丁)但我只实现了我需要的最少方法。

JSON Patch 对动态对象的支持的问题在于它将属性设置为JObject。实例,即它不会像设置静态属性时那样自动执行反序列化,因为它无法推断类型。 DynamicDeserialisationStore在对象类型上进行参数化,它将尝试自动尝试反序列化这些 JObject设置时的实例。

该类接受回调来处理基本的字典操作,而不是维护内部字典本身,因为在我的“真实”系统模型代码中我实际上并没有使用字典(出于各种原因)——我只是让它看起来那样给客户。

internal sealed class DynamicDeserialisationStore<T> : DynamicObject, IDictionary<string, object> where T : class
{
private readonly Action<string, T> storeValue;
private readonly Func<string, bool> removeValue;
private readonly Func<string, T> retrieveValue;
private readonly Func<IEnumerable<string>> retrieveKeys;

public DynamicDeserialisationStore(
Action<string, T> storeValue,
Func<string, bool> removeValue,
Func<string, T> retrieveValue,
Func<IEnumerable<string>> retrieveKeys)
{
this.storeValue = storeValue;
this.removeValue = removeValue;
this.retrieveValue = retrieveValue;
this.retrieveKeys = retrieveKeys;
}

public int Count
{
get
{
return this.retrieveKeys().Count();
}
}

private IReadOnlyDictionary<string, T> AsDict
{
get
{
return (from key in this.retrieveKeys()
let value = this.retrieveValue(key)
select new { key, value })
.ToDictionary(it => it.key, it => it.value);
}
}

public override bool TrySetIndex(SetIndexBinder binder, object[] indexes, object value)
{
if (indexes.Length == 1 && indexes[0] is string && value is JObject)
{
return this.TryUpdateValue(indexes[0] as string, value);
}

return base.TrySetIndex(binder, indexes, value);
}

public override bool TryGetIndex(GetIndexBinder binder, object[] indexes, out object result)
{
if (indexes.Length == 1 && indexes[0] is string)
{
try
{
result = this.retrieveValue(indexes[0] as string);
return true;
}
catch (KeyNotFoundException)
{
// Pass through.
}
}

return base.TryGetIndex(binder, indexes, out result);
}

public override bool TrySetMember(SetMemberBinder binder, object value)
{
return this.TryUpdateValue(binder.Name, value);
}

public override bool TryGetMember(GetMemberBinder binder, out object result)
{
try
{
result = this.retrieveValue(binder.Name);
return true;
}
catch (KeyNotFoundException)
{
return base.TryGetMember(binder, out result);
}
}

private bool TryUpdateValue(string name, object value)
{
JObject jObject = value as JObject;
T tObject = value as T;

if (jObject != null)
{
this.storeValue(name, jObject.ToObject<T>());
return true;
}
else if (tObject != null)
{
this.storeValue(name, tObject);
return true;
}

return false;
}

object IDictionary<string, object>.this[string key]
{
get
{
return this.retrieveValue(key);
}

set
{
this.TryUpdateValue(key, value);
}
}

public IEnumerator<KeyValuePair<string, object>> GetEnumerator()
{
return this.AsDict.ToDictionary(it => it.Key, it => it.Value as object).GetEnumerator();
}

public void Add(string key, object value)
{
this.TryUpdateValue(key, value);
}

public bool Remove(string key)
{
return this.removeValue(key);
}

#region Unused methods
bool ICollection<KeyValuePair<string, object>>.IsReadOnly
{
get
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
}

ICollection<string> IDictionary<string, object>.Keys
{
get
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
}

ICollection<object> IDictionary<string, object>.Values
{
get
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
}

void ICollection<KeyValuePair<string, object>>.Add(KeyValuePair<string, object> item)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}

void ICollection<KeyValuePair<string, object>>.Clear()
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}

bool ICollection<KeyValuePair<string, object>>.Contains(KeyValuePair<string, object> item)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}

bool IDictionary<string, object>.ContainsKey(string key)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}

void ICollection<KeyValuePair<string, object>>.CopyTo(KeyValuePair<string, object>[] array, int arrayIndex)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}

IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}

bool ICollection<KeyValuePair<string, object>>.Remove(KeyValuePair<string, object> item)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}

bool IDictionary<string, object>.TryGetValue(string key, out object value)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
#endregion
}

测试

下面提供了此类的测试。我创建了一个模拟系统模型(见图)并对其执行各种 JSON 补丁操作。

代码如下:

public class DynamicDeserialisationStoreTests
{
private readonly FooSystemModel fooSystem;

public DynamicDeserialisationStoreTests()
{
this.fooSystem = new FooSystemModel();
}

[Fact]
public void Store_Should_Handle_Adding_Keyed_Model()
{
// GIVEN the foo system currently contains no foos.
this.fooSystem.Foos.ShouldBeEmpty();

// GIVEN a patch document to store a foo called "test".
var request = "{\"op\":\"add\",\"path\":\"/foos/test\",\"value\":{\"number\":3,\"bazzed\":true}}";
var operation = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Operation<FooSystemModel>>(request);
var patchDocument = new JsonPatchDocument<FooSystemModel>(
new[] { operation }.ToList(),
new CamelCasePropertyNamesContractResolver());

// WHEN we apply this patch document to the foo system model.
patchDocument.ApplyTo(this.fooSystem);

// THEN the system model should now contain a new foo called "test" with the expected properties.
this.fooSystem.Foos.ShouldHaveSingleItem();
FooModel foo = this.fooSystem.Foos["test"] as FooModel;
foo.Number.ShouldBe(3);
foo.IsBazzed.ShouldBeTrue();
}

[Fact]
public void Store_Should_Handle_Removing_Keyed_Model()
{
// GIVEN the foo system currently contains a foo.
var testFoo = new FooModel { Number = 3, IsBazzed = true };
this.fooSystem.Foos["test"] = testFoo;

// GIVEN a patch document to remove a foo called "test".
var request = "{\"op\":\"remove\",\"path\":\"/foos/test\"}";
var operation = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Operation<FooSystemModel>>(request);
var patchDocument = new JsonPatchDocument<FooSystemModel>(
new[] { operation }.ToList(),
new CamelCasePropertyNamesContractResolver());

// WHEN we apply this patch document to the foo system model.
patchDocument.ApplyTo(this.fooSystem);

// THEN the system model should be empty.
this.fooSystem.Foos.ShouldBeEmpty();
}

[Fact]
public void Store_Should_Handle_Modifying_Keyed_Model()
{
// GIVEN the foo system currently contains a foo.
var originalFoo = new FooModel { Number = 3, IsBazzed = true };
this.fooSystem.Foos["test"] = originalFoo;

// GIVEN a patch document to modify a foo called "test".
var request = "{\"op\":\"replace\",\"path\":\"/foos/test\", \"value\":{\"number\":6,\"bazzed\":false}}";
var operation = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Operation<FooSystemModel>>(request);
var patchDocument = new JsonPatchDocument<FooSystemModel>(
new[] { operation }.ToList(),
new CamelCasePropertyNamesContractResolver());

// WHEN we apply this patch document to the foo system model.
patchDocument.ApplyTo(this.fooSystem);

// THEN the system model should contain a modified "test" foo.
this.fooSystem.Foos.ShouldHaveSingleItem();
FooModel foo = this.fooSystem.Foos["test"] as FooModel;
foo.Number.ShouldBe(6);
foo.IsBazzed.ShouldBeFalse();
}

#region Mock Models
private class FooModel
{
[JsonProperty(PropertyName = "number")]
public int Number { get; set; }

[JsonProperty(PropertyName = "bazzed")]
public bool IsBazzed { get; set; }
}

private class FooSystemModel
{
private readonly IDictionary<string, FooModel> foos;

public FooSystemModel()
{
this.foos = new Dictionary<string, FooModel>();
this.Foos = new DynamicDeserialisationStore<FooModel>(
storeValue: (name, foo) => this.foos[name] = foo,
removeValue: name => this.foos.Remove(name),
retrieveValue: name => this.foos[name],
retrieveKeys: () => this.foos.Keys);
}

[JsonProperty(PropertyName = "foos")]
public IDictionary<string, object> Foos { get; }
}
#endregion
}

关于c# - 使用 JSON Patch 向字典添加值,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41679681/

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