php - 我应该使用数组还是对象

Question

首先我会说，是的，我搜索过这个...我正在阅读有关编程的书籍以增加我的知识。目前我还没有找到这个问题的答案。我的应用程序有一个可行的解决方案，但它看起来一团糟。这是 PHP。

情况:我正在创建一个应用程序，其中包含一个从数据库中的 3 个表中提取的动态菜单(食物):

menu_types:
id name
1  Bar
2  Kitchen
menu_categories:
id  name      type_id
1   Salads    2
2   Teas      1
3   Pastries  2

menu_items
id  name           cat_id  description     price   image
1   Caesar         1       'hail Caesar'   $5.00   'image location'
2   Greek          1       'Plato's fav'   $3.00   'image location'
3   Cinnamon Roll  3       'lots-o-sugar'  $2.50   'image location'

还有更多数据，但我认为您在表格中明白了。

我的菜单看起来像这样:(HTML 页面)茶、沙拉和糕点将是单击时仅显示其项目的链接。下面是一个粗略的例子，假设沙拉是当前页面。

**Bar**           'Caesar image', Caesar, hail Caesar, $5.00
Teas              'Greek image', Greek, Plato's fav, $3.00
**Kitchen**
Salads
Pastries

目前，我在一个类中构建了这一切。一个对象。我最终构建了三个阵列

$this->types      = array(
                    [0] => array(
                           'id' => 1,
                           'name' => 'Bar'
                           ),
                    [1] => array(
                           'id' => 2,
                           'name' => 'Kitchen'
                           )
                    );

$this->categories = array(
                    [Bar]     => array(
                                 'id'      => 2,
                                 'name'    => 'Teas',
                                 'type_id' => 1
                                 )
                    ),
                    [Kitchen] => array(
                                 'id'      => 1,
                                 'name'    => 'Salads',
                                 'type_id' => 2
                                 ),
                                 array(
                                 'id'      => 3,
                                 'name'    => 'Patries',
                                 'type_id' => 2
                                 )
                    );

$this->items 有自己的数组，$this->category[id] 作为主键。

虽然这一切都变得非常困惑。尝试针对菜单的不同部分遍历这些数组是很糟糕的。我没有包括代码，因为我觉得整个思考过程从根本上是错误的。我不是在找人给我一个完整的代码示例，只是帮助我思考过程。我认为这是编码中最难的部分，即思考问题的解决方案。

总而言之，我希望创建一个动态菜单，该菜单既可以根据类别过滤项目，也可以根据类型过滤项目

为了好玩，这是我使用的代码:

菜单.php

    <?php

class menu{

  private $category;
  private $size;
  private $types;
  private $categories;
  private $items = array();

  public function __construct(){
    $this->setTypes();
    $this->setCategories();
    $this->setItems();
  }

  private function setTypes(){
    $sql = "SELECT * FROM bbc_menu_types";
    $this->types = db::rowAsAssocArray($sql);
  }

  public function getTypes(){
      return $this->types;
  }

  private function setCategories(){

    for ($i = 0; $i < count($this->types); $i++){
      $typeId = $this->types[$i]['id'];
      $sql = "SELECT * FROM bbc_menu_categories WHERE type_id = $typeId";
      $this->categories[$this->types[$i]['name']] = db::rowAsAssocArray($sql);
    }
  }

  public function getCategories(){
      return $this->categories;
  }

  public function setItems(){
    foreach ($this->categories as $key => $value){
      for ($i = 0; $i < count($value); $i++){
        $catId = $value[$i]['id'] . '<br />';
        settype($catId, 'integer');
        $sql = "SELECT * FROM bbc_menu_items WHERE category_id = $catId";
        $this->items[$this->categories[$key][$i]['name']] = db::rowAsAssocArray($sql);
      }
    }
  }

  public function getItems(){
    return $this->items;
  }
}


?>

db.pgp(摘录)

public static function rowAsAssocArray($sql){
    try{
      //do not touch
      $data=null;
      $stmt = self::$link->prepare($sql);
      $stmt->execute();
      while ($result = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)){
        foreach ($result as $key => $value){
          $data[] = $value;
        }
      }
      return $data;
    }
    catch (PDOException $e){
      print $e->getMessage();
    }
  }

html(专家)

<?php
                      $i=0;
                      foreach ($types as $value){
                        echo "<li><h3>" . $types[$i]['name'] . "</h3></li>";
                        $i2 = 0;
                        while ($i2 <count($categories[$types[$i]['name']])){
                          if ($_GET['cat'] === strtolower($categories[$types[$i]['name']][$i2]['name'])){
                            echo "<li class='active'><a href='?rt=menu&amp;cat=";
                          } else {
                            echo "<li><a href='?rt=menu&amp;cat=";
                          }
                          echo strtolower($categories[$types[$i]['name']][$i2]['name']) . "'>" . $categories[$types[$i]['name']][$i2]['name'] . "</a></li>";
                          $i2++;
                        }
                        $i++;
                      }
                      ?>
                      </ul>
                    </nav>
                </div><!-- end menu-links -->
            </div><!-- end col -->

            <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-9">
                <div class="menu-links-big">
                    <?php
                    $i = 0;
                    while ($i < count($items[ucfirst($_GET['cat'])])){
                    ?>
                    <div class="menu-item">
                        <img src="<?php echo $items[ucfirst($_GET['cat'])][$i]['image']; ?>" alt="" class="img-thumbnail shadow alignleft">
                        <h3><?php echo $items[ucfirst($_GET['cat'])][$i]['name']; ?></h3>
                        <p><?php echo $items[ucfirst($_GET['cat'])][$i]['description']; ?></p>
                        <div class="price"><?php echo '$' . $items[ucfirst($_GET['cat'])][$i]['price']; ?></div>
                    </div><!-- end item -->
                    <?php
                    $i++;
                    }
                    ?>

就像我说的......一团糟......显然可以进行清洁。除此之外还有清理和重构。我意识到。在我决定询问之前，我刚刚完成工作。

Answer 1

我觉得这样一个结构良好的问题应该得到更长的答案。

对于这种情况，我强烈建议使用 Doctrine .

然后您可以简单地编写您的 3 个实体，例如:

类型.php

<?php
// src/Type.php

use Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection;

/** @Entity */
class Type
{
    /**
      * @Id
      * @Column(type="integer")
      * @GeneratedValue
      **/
    protected $id;

    /** @Column(type="string") **/
    protected $name;

    /** @OneToMany(targetEntity="Category", mappedBy="type") **/
    protected $categories;

    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->categories = new ArrayCollection();
    }

    public function getId()
    {
        return $this->id;
    }

    public function getName()
    {
        return $this->name;
    }

    public function setName($name)
    {
        $this->name = $name;

        return $this;
    }

    public function addCategory($category)
    {
        $category->setType($this);
        $this->categories->add($category);

        return $this;
    }

    public function removeCategory($category)
    {
        $category->setType(null);
        $this->categories->remove($category);

        return $this;
    }

    public function getCategories()
    {
        return $this->categories;
    }
}

分类.php

<?php
// src/Category.php

use Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection;

/** @Entity */
class Category
{
    /**
      * @Id
      * @Column(type="integer")
      * @GeneratedValue
      **/
    protected $id;

    /** @Column(type="string") **/
    protected $name;

    /**
     * @ManyToOne(targetEntity="Type", inversedBy="categories")
     * @JoinColumn(name="type_id", referencedColumnName="id")
     */
    protected $type;

    /** @OneToMany(targetEntity="Item", mappedBy="category") **/
    protected $items;

    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->items = new ArrayCollection();
    }

    public function getId()
    {
        return $this->id;
    }

    public function getName()
    {
        return $this->name;
    }

    public function setName($name)
    {
        $this->name = $name;

        return $this;
    }

    public function getType()
    {
        return $this->type;
    }

    public function setType($type)
    {
        $this->type = $type;
    }

    public function addItem($item)
    {
        $item->setCategory($this);
        $this->items->add($item);

        return $this;
    }

    public function removeItem($item)
    {
        $item->setCategory(null);
        $this->items->remove($item);

        return $this;
    }

    public function getItems()
    {
        return $this->items;
    }
}

项目.php

<?php
// src/Item.php

use Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection;

/** @Entity */
class Item
{
    /**
      * @Id
      * @Column(type="integer")
      * @GeneratedValue
      **/
    protected $id;

    /** @Column(type="string") **/
    protected $name;

    /**
     * @ManyToOne(targetEntity="Category", inversedBy="items")
     * @JoinColumn(name="category_id", referencedColumnName="id")
     */
    protected $category;

    public function getId()
    {
        return $this->id;
    }

    public function getName()
    {
        return $this->name;
    }

    public function setName($name)
    {
        $this->name = $name;

        return $this;
    }

    public function getCategory()
    {
        return $this->category;
    }

    public function setCategory($category)
    {
        $this->category = $category;

        return $this;
    }
}

设置完所有这些后，Doctrine 将生成您的表格，您可以像这样简单地查询您的信息:

$repo = $entityManager->getRepository("Type");
$kitchen = $repo->findOneBy(array("name" => "Kitchen"));

echo "Fetching 'Kitchen'-Categories...<br/>";
$categories = $kitchen->getCategories();
foreach($categories as $category)
{
    $itemsInCategory = $category->getItems();

    echo "Category: ".$category->getName().", Items:<br/>";
    foreach($itemsInCategory as $item)
    {
        echo $item->getName()."<br/>";"
    }
}

如您所见，此时只需调用 getter 来查询整个树即可。

这里有两个示例文件来向您展示用法:

创建/存储对象:

<?php
// createTest.php
require_once "bootstrap.php";

// Create 'Bar' Type
$bar = new Type();
$bar->setName("Bar");
$entityManager->persist($bar);

// Create 'Kitchen' Type
$kitchen= new Type();
$kitchen->setName("Kitchen");
$entityManager->persist($kitchen);


// Create 'Salads' Category...
$salads = new Category();
$salads->setName("Salads");
$entityManager->persist($salads);

// ... and add it to the kitchen
$kitchen->addCategory($salads);

// Create Teas and add to Bar
$teas = new Category();
$teas->setName("Teas");
$entityManager->persist($teas);

$bar->addCategory($teas);

// Create Pastries and add to Kitchen
$pastries = new Category();
$pastries->setName("Pastries");
$entityManager->persist($pastries);

$kitchen->addCategory($pastries);

// Add some Items
$caesar = new Item();
$caesar->setName("Caesar Salad");
$entityManager->persist($caesar);

$salads->addItem($caesar);


$entityManager->flush();

查询对象:

<?php
// queryTest.php
require_once "bootstrap.php";

$typeRepo = $entityManager->getRepository("Type");

$types = $typeRepo->findAll();

echo "Found ".count($types)." types:\n";
foreach($types as $type)
{
    echo $type->getName()."\n";

    foreach($type->getCategories() as $category)
    {
        echo " - ".$category->getName()."\n";

        foreach($category->getItems() as $item)
        {
            echo "   - ".$item->getName()."\n";
        }
    }
}

输出:

Found 2 types:
Bar
 - Teas
Kitchen
 - Salads
   - Caesar Salad
 - Pastries

此时您可以玩各种恶作剧，向您的类添加更多属性/方法只是声明它们、提供可靠的原则注释和更新数据库的问题。

额外的好处是您独立于数据库，该示例使用 sqlite，因为它易于设置，但您也可以使用 mysql 或任何其他 PDO 支持的数据库。 Doctrine 还关注 SQL 注入(inject)，因为它使用准备好的语句。

有关更详细的示例，请查看顶部链接的文档!