MySQL select specific cols 比 select * 慢

Question

本人MySQL不强，有菜鸟错误请见谅。简短版本:

SELECT locId,count,avg FROM destAgg_geo 比 SELECT * from destAgg_geo 显着慢

prtt.destAgg 是一个以 dst_ip (PRIMARY) 为键的表

mysql> describe prtt.destAgg;
+---------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field   | Type             | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| dst_ip  | int(10) unsigned | NO   | PRI | 0       |       |
| total   | float unsigned   | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| avg     | float unsigned   | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sqtotal | float unsigned   | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sqavg   | float unsigned   | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| count   | int(10) unsigned | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+---------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

geoip.blocks 是一个以 startIpNum 和 endIpNum (PRIMARY) 为键的表

mysql> describe geoip.blocks;
+------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field      | Type             | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| startIpNum | int(10) unsigned | NO   | MUL | NULL    |       |
| endIpNum   | int(10) unsigned | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| locId      | int(10) unsigned | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
+------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

destAgg_geo 是一个 View :

CREATE VIEW destAgg_geo AS SELECT * FROM destAgg JOIN geoip.blocks 
  ON destAgg.dst_ip BETWEEN geoip.blocks.startIpNum AND geoip.blocks.endIpNum;

这里是select *的优化方案:

mysql> explain select * from destAgg_geo;
+----+-------------+---------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+------------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table   | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows    | Extra                                          |
+----+-------------+---------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | blocks  | ALL  | start_end     | NULL | NULL    | NULL | 3486646 |                                                |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | destAgg | ALL  | PRIMARY       | NULL | NULL    | NULL |  101893 | Range checked for each record (index map: 0x1) |
+----+-------------+---------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+------------------------------------------------+

针对特定列的select优化方案如下:

mysql> explain select locId,count,avg from destAgg_geo;
+----+-------------+---------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+------------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table   | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows    | Extra                                          |
+----+-------------+---------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | destAgg | ALL  | PRIMARY       | NULL | NULL    | NULL |  101893 |                                                |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | blocks  | ALL  | start_end     | NULL | NULL    | NULL | 3486646 | Range checked for each record (index map: 0x1) |
+----+-------------+---------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+------------------------------------------------+

下面是 destAgg 中每一列的优化计划以及 geoip.blocks 中的 locId 列:

mysql> explain select dst_ip,total,avg,sqtotal,sqavg,count,locId from destAgg_geo;
+----+-------------+---------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+------------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table   | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows    | Extra                                          |
+----+-------------+---------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | blocks  | ALL  | start_end     | NULL | NULL    | NULL | 3486646 |                                                |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | destAgg | ALL  | PRIMARY       | NULL | NULL    | NULL |  101893 | Range checked for each record (index map: 0x1) |
+----+-------------+---------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+------------------------------------------------+

删除除 dst_ip 之外的任何列，范围检查 翻转到 block :

mysql> explain select dst_ip,avg,sqtotal,sqavg,count,locId from destAgg_geo;
+----+-------------+---------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+------------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table   | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows    | Extra                                          |
+----+-------------+---------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | destAgg | ALL  | PRIMARY       | NULL | NULL    | NULL |  101893 |                                                |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | blocks  | ALL  | start_end     | NULL | NULL    | NULL | 3486646 | Range checked for each record (index map: 0x1) |
+----+-------------+---------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+------------------------------------------------+

这样会慢很多。这是怎么回事？

(是的，我可以只使用 * 查询结果并从那里处理，但我想知道发生了什么以及为什么)

编辑——对 VIEW 查询进行解释:

mysql> explain SELECT * FROM destAgg JOIN geoip.blocks ON destAgg.dst_ip BETWEEN geoip.blocks.startIpNum AND geoip.blocks.endIpNum;
+----+-------------+---------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+------------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table   | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows    | Extra                                          |
+----+-------------+---------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | blocks  | ALL  | start_end     | NULL | NULL    | NULL | 3486646 |                                                |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | destAgg | ALL  | PRIMARY       | NULL | NULL    | NULL |  101893 | Range checked for each record (index map: 0x1) |
+----+-------------+---------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+------------------------------------------------+

Answer 1

如果您对两个查询都运行 EXPLAIN PLAN，MySQL 会告诉您。

第一个包含列的查询不包含任何键列，所以我猜它必须执行 TABLE SCAN。

带有“SELECT *”的第二个查询包括主键，因此它可以使用索引。