mysql - 在三个不同的列上使用 MAX、WHERE 和 GROUP BY 提高 SQL 查询的速度

Question

我正在尝试加快在约 2000 万行的表上完成大约需要 60 秒的查询。

对于这个例子，表格有三列(id、dateAdded、name)。id 是主键。我添加到表中的索引是:

(dateAdded)
(name)
(id, name)
(id, name, dateAdded)

我尝试运行的查询是:

SELECT MAX(id) as id, name 
FROM exampletable 
WHERE dateAdded <= '2014-01-20 12:00:00' 
GROUP BY name 
ORDER BY NULL;

日期因查询而异。

这样做的目的是在添加日期或之前获取每个名称的最新条目。

当我在查询中使用 explain 时，它告诉我它正在使用 (id, name, dateAdded) 索引。

+----+-------------+------------------+-------+------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------+------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table            | type  | possible_keys    | key                                          | key_len | ref  | rows     | Extra                                                     |
+----+-------------+------------------+-------+------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------+------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | exampletable     | index | date_added_index | id_element_name_date_added_index             | 162     | NULL | 22016957 | Using where; Using index; Using temporary; Using filesort |
+----+-------------+------------------+-------+------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------+------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

编辑:从评论中添加了两个新索引:

(dateAdded, name, id)
(name, id)

+----+-------------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------+------+----------+-------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table            | type  | possible_keys                                                 | key                                          | key_len | ref  | rows     | Extra                                     |
+----+-------------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------+------+----------+-------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | exampletable     | index | date_added_index,date_added_name_id_index                     | id__name_date_added_index                    | 162     | NULL | 22040469 | Using where; Using index; Using temporary |
+----+-------------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------+------+----------+-------------------------------------------+

编辑:添加了创建表脚本。

CREATE TABLE `exampletable` (
  `id` int(10) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `dateAdded` timestamp NULL default CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  `name` varchar(50) character set utf8 default '',
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`),
  KEY `date_added_index` (`dateAdded`),
  KEY `name_index` USING BTREE (`name`),
  KEY `id_name_index` USING BTREE (`id`,`name`),
  KEY `id_name_date_added_index` USING BTREE (`id`,`dateAdded`,`name`),
  KEY `date_added_name_id_index` USING BTREE (`dateAdded`,`name`,`id`),
  KEY `name_id_index` USING BTREE (`name`,`id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=22046064 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1

编辑:这是 HeavyE 提供的答案中的解释。

+----+-------------+--------------+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+---------+--------------------------------------------------+------+---------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table        | type  | possible_k                                                                               | key                      | key_len | ref                                              | rows | Extra                                 |
+----+-------------+--------------+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+---------+--------------------------------------------------+------+---------------------------------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY     | <derived2>   | ALL   | NULL                                                                                     | NULL                     | NULL    | NULL                                             | 1732 | Using temporary; Using filesort       |
|  1 | PRIMARY     | example1     | ref   | date_added_index,name_index,date_added_name_id_index,name_id_index,name_date_added_index | date_added_name_id_index | 158     | maxDateByElement.dateAdded,maxDateByElement.name |    1 | Using where; Using index              |
|  2 | DERIVED     | exampletable | range | date_added_index,date_added_name_id_index                                                | name_date_added_index    | 158     | NULL                                             | 1743 | Using where; Using index for group-by |
+----+-------------+--------------+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+---------+--------------------------------------------------+------+---------------------------------------+

Answer 1

Stack Overflow 上有一篇关于优化选择列中最大值的行的很棒的帖子:https://stackoverflow.com/a/7745635/633063

这看起来有点乱，但效果很好:

SELECT example1.name, MAX(example1.id)
FROM exampletable example1
INNER JOIN (
select name, max(dateAdded) dateAdded
from exampletable
where dateAdded  <= '2014-01-20 12:00:00' 
group by name
) maxDateByElement on example1.name = maxDateByElement.name AND example1.dateAdded = maxDateByElement.dateAdded
GROUP BY name;