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PHP PDO MySQL 以及它如何真正处理 MySQL 事务?

转载 作者:可可西里 更新时间:2023-11-01 07:08:41 27 4
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我正在努力克服它,但我就是无法理解使用 PDO 和 MySQL 在 PHP 中处理事务背后的逻辑。

我知道这个问题会很长,但我认为这是值得的。

考虑到我阅读了很多关于 MySQL 事务的文章,服务器如何处理它们,它们与锁和其他隐式提交语句的关系等等,不仅在 SO 上,而且在 MySQL 和 PHP 手册上:

给出这段代码:

架构:

CREATE TABLE table_name (
id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
table_col VARCHAR(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci;

CREATE TABLE `another_table` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`another_col` varchar(100) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci;

test1.php(使用 PDO::setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT, 0)):

<?php

// PDO
define('DB_HOST', 'localhost');
define('DB_USER', 'user');
define('DB_PASS', 'password');
define('DB_NAME', 'db_name');

/**
* Uses `$this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT,0);`
*/
class Database {

private $host = DB_HOST;
private $user = DB_USER;
private $pass = DB_PASS;
private $dbname = DB_NAME;

private $pdo;

public $error;

private $stmt;


public function __construct($host=NULL,$user=NULL,$pass=NULL,$dbname=NULL) {

if ($host!==NULL)
$this->host=$host;

if ($user!==NULL)
$this->user=$user;

if ($pass!==NULL)
$this->pass=$pass;

if ($dbname!==NULL)
$this->dbname=$dbname;

// Set DSN
$dsn = 'mysql:host=' . $this->host . ';dbname=' . $this->dbname;

// Set options
$options = array(
PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => false,
PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION
);

// Create a new PDO instanace
$this->pdo = new PDO($dsn, $this->user, $this->pass, $options);
$this->pdo->exec("SET NAMES 'utf8'");

}

public function cursorClose() {
$this->stmt->closeCursor();
}

public function close() {
$this->pdo = null;
$this->stmt = null;
return true;
}

public function beginTransaction() {
$this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT,0);
return $this->pdo->beginTransaction();
}

public function commit() {
$ok = $this->pdo->commit();
$this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT,1);
return $ok;
}

public function rollback() {
$ok = $this->pdo->rollback();
$this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT,1);
return $ok;
}

public function bind($param, $value, $type = null){
if (is_null($type)) {
switch (true) {
case is_int($value):
$type = PDO::PARAM_INT;
break;
case is_bool($value):
$type = PDO::PARAM_BOOL;
break;
case is_null($value):
$type = PDO::PARAM_NULL;
break;
default:
$type = PDO::PARAM_STR;
}
}
$this->stmt->bindValue($param, $value, $type);
}

public function runquery() {
$this->stmt->execute();
}

public function execute($nameValuePairArray = NULL) {
try {
if (is_array($nameValuePairArray) && !empty($nameValuePairArray))
return $this->stmt->execute($nameValuePairArray);
else
return $this->stmt->execute();
}
catch(PDOException $e) {
$this->error = $e->getMessage();
}
return FALSE;
}

public function lastInsertId() {
return $this->pdo->lastInsertId();
}

public function insert($table, $data) {

if (!empty($data)){

$fields = "";

$values = "";

foreach($data as $field => $value) {

if ($fields==""){
$fields = "$field";
$values = ":$field";
}
else {
$fields .= ",$field";
$values .= ",:$field";
}
}

$query = "INSERT INTO $table ($fields) VALUES ($values) ";

$this->query($query);

foreach($data as $field => $value){
$this->bind(":$field",$value);
}

if ($this->execute()===FALSE)
return FALSE;
else
return $this->lastInsertId();
}

$this->error = "No fields during insert";

return FALSE;
}

public function query($query) {
$this->stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($query);
}

public function setBuffered($isBuffered=false){
$this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_USE_BUFFERED_QUERY, $isBuffered);
}

public function lockTables($tables){
$query = "LOCK TABLES ";
foreach($tables as $table=>$lockType){
$query .= "{$table} {$lockType}, ";
}
$query = substr($query,0, strlen($query)-2);
$this->query($query);
return $this->execute();
}

public function unlockTables(){
$query = "UNLOCK TABLES";
$this->query($query);
return $this->execute();
}
}

$db = NULL;
try {
$db = new Database();
$db->beginTransaction();

// If I call `LOCK TABLES` here... No implicit commit. Why?
// Does `$this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT,0);` prevent it?
$db->lockTables(array('another_table' => 'WRITE'));

$db->insert('another_table', array('another_col' => 'TEST1_ANOTHER_TABLE'));

$db->unlockTables();


// If I insert a row, other MySQL clients do not see it. Why?
// I called `LOCK TABLES` above and as the MySQL manual says:
//
// LOCK TABLES is not transaction-safe and implicitly commits any active transaction before attempting to lock the tables.
//
$db->insert('table_name', array('table_col' => 'TEST1_TABLE_NAME'));

//...
// If I rollback for some reason, everything rolls back, but shouldn't the transaction
// be already committed with the initial `LOCK TABLES`?
// So I should expect to get a PDOException like "There's no active transaction" or something similar, shouldn't I?
//$db->rollback();

// If I commit instead of the above `$db->rollback()` line, everything is committed, but only now other clients see the new row in `table_name`,
// not straightforward as soon I called `$db->insert()`, whereas I guess they should have seen the change
// even before the following line because I am using `LOCK TABLES` before (see `test2.php`).
$db->commit();
}
catch (PDOException $e) {
echo $e->getMessage();
}

if (!is_null($db)) {
$db->close();
}

test2.php(没有 PDO::setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT, 0) 行的数据库(已注释掉)):

<?php

// PDO
define('DB_HOST', 'localhost');
define('DB_USER', 'user');
define('DB_PASS', 'password');
define('DB_NAME', 'db_name');

/**
* Does not use `$this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT,0);`
*/
class Database {

private $host = DB_HOST;
private $user = DB_USER;
private $pass = DB_PASS;
private $dbname = DB_NAME;

private $pdo;

public $error;

private $stmt;


public function __construct($host=NULL,$user=NULL,$pass=NULL,$dbname=NULL) {

if ($host!==NULL)
$this->host=$host;

if ($user!==NULL)
$this->user=$user;

if ($pass!==NULL)
$this->pass=$pass;

if ($dbname!==NULL)
$this->dbname=$dbname;

// Set DSN
$dsn = 'mysql:host=' . $this->host . ';dbname=' . $this->dbname;

// Set options
$options = array(
PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => false,
PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION
);

// Create a new PDO instanace
$this->pdo = new PDO($dsn, $this->user, $this->pass, $options);
$this->pdo->exec("SET NAMES 'utf8'");

}

public function cursorClose() {
$this->stmt->closeCursor();
}

public function close() {
$this->pdo = null;
$this->stmt = null;
return true;
}

public function beginTransaction() {
//$this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT,0);
return $this->pdo->beginTransaction();
}

public function commit() {
$ok = $this->pdo->commit();
//$this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT,1);
return $ok;
}

public function rollback() {
$ok = $this->pdo->rollback();
//$this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT,1);
return $ok;
}

public function bind($param, $value, $type = null){
if (is_null($type)) {
switch (true) {
case is_int($value):
$type = PDO::PARAM_INT;
break;
case is_bool($value):
$type = PDO::PARAM_BOOL;
break;
case is_null($value):
$type = PDO::PARAM_NULL;
break;
default:
$type = PDO::PARAM_STR;
}
}
$this->stmt->bindValue($param, $value, $type);
}

public function runquery() {
$this->stmt->execute();
}

public function execute($nameValuePairArray = NULL) {
try {
if (is_array($nameValuePairArray) && !empty($nameValuePairArray))
return $this->stmt->execute($nameValuePairArray);
else
return $this->stmt->execute();
}
catch(PDOException $e) {
$this->error = $e->getMessage();
}
return FALSE;
}

public function lastInsertId() {
return $this->pdo->lastInsertId();
}

public function insert($table, $data) {

if (!empty($data)){

$fields = "";

$values = "";

foreach($data as $field => $value) {

if ($fields==""){
$fields = "$field";
$values = ":$field";
}
else {
$fields .= ",$field";
$values .= ",:$field";
}
}

$query = "INSERT INTO $table ($fields) VALUES ($values) ";

$this->query($query);

foreach($data as $field => $value){
$this->bind(":$field",$value);
}

if ($this->execute()===FALSE)
return FALSE;
else
return $this->lastInsertId();
}

$this->error = "No fields during insert";

return FALSE;
}

public function query($query) {
$this->stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($query);
}

public function setBuffered($isBuffered=false){
$this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_USE_BUFFERED_QUERY, $isBuffered);
}

public function lockTables($tables){
$query = "LOCK TABLES ";
foreach($tables as $table=>$lockType){
$query .= "{$table} {$lockType}, ";
}
$query = substr($query,0, strlen($query)-2);
$this->query($query);
return $this->execute();
}

public function unlockTables(){
$query = "UNLOCK TABLES";
$this->query($query);
return $this->execute();
}
}

$db = NULL;
try {
$db = new Database();
$db->beginTransaction();

// If I call `LOCK TABLES` here... There's an implicit commit.
$db->lockTables(array('another_table' => 'WRITE'));

$db->insert('another_table', array('another_col' => 'TEST2_ANOTHER_TABLE'));

$db->unlockTables();


// If I insert a row, other MySQL clients see it straightforward (no need to reach `$db->commit()`).
// This is coherent with the MySQL manual:
//
// LOCK TABLES is not transaction-safe and implicitly commits any active transaction before attempting to lock the tables.
//
$db->insert('table_name', array('table_col' => 'TEST2_TABLE_NAME'));

//...
// If I rollback for some reason, the row does not rollback, as the transaction
// was already committed with the initial `LOCK TABLES` statement above.
//
// I cannot rollback the insert into table `table_name`
//
// So I should expect to get a PDOException like "There's no active transaction" or something similar, shouldn't I?
$db->rollback();

// If I commit instead of the above `$db->rollback()` line, I guess nothing happens, because the transaction
// was already committed and as I said above, and clients already saw the changes before this line was reached.
// Again, this is coherent with the MySQL statement:
//
// LOCK TABLES is not transaction-safe and implicitly commits any active transaction before attempting to lock the tables.
//
//$db->commit();
}
catch (PDOException $e) {
echo $e->getMessage();
}

if (!is_null($db)) {
$db->close();
}

我还有以下疑惑和悬而未决的问题:

  • 使用 InnoDB,两者之间有区别吗PDO::beginTransaction()PDO::setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT, 0) 当我们在 PHP 和/或带有普通 MySQL 语句 SET AUTOCOMMIT = 0;START TRANSACTION; 的 MySQL?如果是,那是什么?

    如果您查看我的 PHP 示例,在 Database::beginTransaction() 包装器方法中,我同时使用了 PDO::beginTransaction()PDO::setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT, 0) 在文件 test1.php 并且不要在文件中使用 PDO::setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT, 0) test2.php。 我发现当我使用 PDO::setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT, 0) 时会发生奇怪的事情:

    • PDO::setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT, 0)行在Database(test1.php)里面一个 使用 LOCK TABLES 语句的交易,LOCK TABLES 不 似乎隐式提交事务,因为如果我连接 对于另一个客户端,在代码到达 $db->commit(); 行之前,我看不到插入的行,而 MySQL手册说:

      LOCK TABLES is not transaction-safe and implicitly commits any active transaction before attempting to lock the tables.

      因此我们可以说 PDO::setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT, 0) (在 MySQL 上是SET AUTOCOMMIT = 0;) 事务未隐式提交像 LOCK TABLES 这样的语句?那么我会说有一个MySQL 手册和 PHP PDO 实现之间的不一致(我不是提示,我只是想明白);

    • 没有 Database (test2.php) 中的 PDO::setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT, 0) 行,该代码似乎与 MySQL 的行为一致手动 LOCK TABLES 不是事务安全的并且是隐式的
      在尝试锁定之前提交任何事件事务
      表。
      :一旦它到达 LOCK TABLES 查询,就会有一个隐式提交,所以在 $db->insert('table_name', array('table_col ' => 'TEST2_TABLE_NAME')); 其他客户端甚至在到达 $db->commit();;

    • 之前就可以看到新插入的行

我刚才描述的以下行为的解释是什么?当我们使用 PHP 的 PDO 并在我们的事务中包含 implicit-commit 语句时,事务如何工作?

我的PHP版本是7.0.22,MySQL版本是5.7.20

感谢关注。

最佳答案

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-autocommit-commit-rollback.html说:

If autocommit mode is disabled within a session with SET autocommit = 0, the session always has a transaction open. A COMMIT or ROLLBACK statement ends the current transaction and a new one starts.

因此,当您在一个 session (称之为 session 1)中设置 autocommit=0 时,这将隐式打开一个事务,并使其无限期打开。

默认的事务隔离级别是REPEATABLE-READ。因此,在 session 1 明确提交或回滚之前,您的 session 不会看到来自其他 session 工作的已提交更改的刷新 View 。

您在另一个 session 2 中的 LOCK TABLES 确实导致隐式提交,但 session 1 看不到结果,因为它仍然只能看到数据的孤立 View ,因为它有自己的事务快照。

关于PHP PDO MySQL 以及它如何真正处理 MySQL 事务?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47810114/

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