使用子查询与左连接优化 MySQL 索引

Question

我已经创建了 2 个查询，我可以使用它们来执行相同的功能。它们都包含我想合并到单个查询中但无法合并的属性。

查询 1 - 给我我想要的结果。慢(~0.700 秒)

查询 2 - 给我很多我忽略并跳过的行。快(~0.005 秒)

我的目标是修改 QUERY 2 以删除除每个项目的 1 行之外的所有空价格行。如果不影响性能，我似乎无法做到这一点。这是由于我对MySQL中索引的使用缺乏经验和理解所致。

查询 1

使用设计不佳的子查询，该子查询不允许在包含 10k 行的 tbl_sale (e) 中使用索引。

SELECT b.id, b.sv, b.description, der.store_id, f.name, der.price
FROM tbl_watch AS a
    LEFT JOIN tbl_item AS b ON a.item_id = b.id
LEFT JOIN (
    SELECT c.store_id, d.flyer_id, e.item_id, e.price
    FROM tbl_storewatch AS c, tbl_storeflyer AS d
    FORCE INDEX ( storebeg_ndx ) , tbl_sale AS e
    WHERE c.user_id = '$user_id'
    AND (
        d.store_id = c.store_id
        AND d.date_beg = '20121206'
        )
    AND e.flyer_id = d.flyer_id
        ) AS der ON a.item_id = der.item_id
LEFT JOIN tbl_store as f ON der.store_id = f.id
WHERE a.user_id = '$user_id'
ORDER BY b.description ASC

这是查询 1 的解释

id  select_type table       type    possible_keys   key             key_len     ref     rows    Extra
1   PRIMARY     a           ref     user_item_ndx   user_item_ndx   4           const   30  Using index; Using temporary; Using filesort
1   PRIMARY     b           eq_ref  PRIMARY         PRIMARY         4           a.item_id   1   
1   PRIMARY     <derived2>  ALL     NULL            NULL            NULL        NULL    300     
1   PRIMARY     f           eq_ref  PRIMARY         PRIMARY         4           der.store_id    1   
2   DERIVED     c           ref     user_ndx        user_ndx        4                   6   
2   DERIVED     e           ALL     NULL            NULL    NULL    NULL                9473    Using join buffer
2   DERIVED     d           eq_ref  storebeg_ndx    storebeg_ndx    8           c.store_id  1   Using where

查询 2

使用非常高效的所有左连接(ORDER BY 除外)。索引用于每个连接。此查询返回 tbl_watch 中每个项目的所有可能匹配项。这是查询:

SELECT b.id, b.sv, b.description, c.store_id, f.name, e.price
FROM tbl_watch AS a
LEFT JOIN tbl_item AS b ON a.item_id = b.id
LEFT JOIN tbl_storewatch AS c ON c.user_id = '$user_id'
LEFT JOIN tbl_storeflyer AS d ON d.store_id = c.store_id
    AND d.date_beg = '$s_date'
LEFT JOIN tbl_sale AS e ON e.item_id = a.item_id
    AND e.flyer_id = d.flyer_id 
LEFT JOIN tbl_store as f ON d.store_id = f.id
WHERE a.user_id = '$user_id'
ORDER BY b.description ASC

这是查询的解释:

id  select_type     table   type    possible_keys           key             key_len     ref                     rows    Extra
1   SIMPLE          a       ref     user_item_ndx           user_item_ndx   4           const                   6       Using index; Using temporary; Using filesort
1   SIMPLE          b       eq_ref  PRIMARY                 PRIMARY         4           a.item_id               1   
1   SIMPLE          c       ref     user_ndx                user_ndx        4           const                   2   
1   SIMPLE          d       eq_ref  storebeg_ndx,storendx   storebeg_ndx    8           c.store_id,const        1   
1   SIMPLE          e       eq_ref  itemflyer_ndx           itemflyer_ndx   8           a.item_id,d.flyer_id    1   
1   SIMPLE          f       eq_ref  PRIMARY                 PRIMARY         4           d.store_id              1   

我如何修改 QUERY 2(更高效)以像 QUERY 1 一样只提供我需要的行？

谢谢迈克

Answer 1

我认为这个查询会给你你想要的:

select a.id, a.sv, a.description, c.id, c.name, b.price
  from 
    tbl_item a left outer join tbl_sale b on (a.id=b.item_id)
      left outer join tbl_storeflyer d on (b.flyer_id=d.flyer_id and d.date_beg = '20120801')
      left outer join tbl_store c on (d.store_id = c.id)
      left outer join tbl_storewatch x on (c.id = x.store_id)
      left outer join tbl_watch y on (a.id = y.item_id);

如果涉及 NULL，您可能会有一些左连接。另一种方法是使用联合，对于 MySQL 可能更快:

 select a.id, a.sv, a.description, c.id as store_id, c.name, b.price
  from
    tbl_item a,
    tbl_sale b,
    tbl_storeflyer d,
    tbl_store c,
    tbl_storewatch x,
    tbl_watch y
  where
    a.id = b.item_id and
    b.flyer_id = d.flyer_id and
    d.store_id = c.id and
    c.id = x.store_id and
    a.id = y.item_id and
    d.date_beg = '20120801'
union
 select a.id, a.sv, a.description, null as store_id, null as name, null as price
  from
    tbl_item a
  where
    a.id not in (select b.item_id from tbl_sale b);

您可以将并集的后半部分作为左外连接而不是“不在”子查询来使用 - 取决于您的 MySQL 版本如何优化。