MySQL:groupby 如何在没有聚合函数的列上工作？

Question

我对 group by 命令在 mysql 中的工作方式有些困惑。

假设我有一张 table :

mysql> select recordID, IPAddress, date, httpMethod from Log_Analysis_Records_dalhousieShort;                   
+----------+-----------------+---------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| recordID | IPAddress       | date                | httpMethod                                      |
+----------+-----------------+---------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
|        1 | 64.68.88.22     | 2003-07-09 00:00:21 | GET /news/science/cancer.shtml HTTP/1.0         | 
|        2 | 64.68.88.166    | 2003-07-09 00:00:55 | GET /news/internet/xml.shtml HTTP/1.0           | 
|        3 | 129.173.177.214 | 2003-07-09 00:01:23 | GET / HTTP/1.1                                  | 
|        4 | 129.173.177.214 | 2003-07-09 00:01:23 | GET /include/fcs_style.css HTTP/1.1             | 
|        5 | 129.173.177.214 | 2003-07-09 00:01:23 | GET /include/main_page.css HTTP/1.1             | 
|        6 | 129.173.177.214 | 2003-07-09 00:01:23 | GET /images/bigportaltopbanner.gif HTTP/1.1     | 
|        7 | 129.173.177.214 | 2003-07-09 00:01:23 | GET /images/right_1.jpg HTTP/1.1                | 
|        8 | 64.68.88.165    | 2003-07-09 00:02:43 | GET /studentservices/responsible.shtml HTTP/1.0 | 
|        9 | 64.68.88.165    | 2003-07-09 00:02:44 | GET /news/sports/basketball.shtml HTTP/1.0      | 
|       10 | 64.68.88.34     | 2003-07-09 00:02:46 | GET /news/science/space.shtml HTTP/1.0          | 
|       11 | 129.173.159.98  | 2003-07-09 00:03:46 | GET / HTTP/1.1                                  | 
|       12 | 129.173.159.98  | 2003-07-09 00:03:46 | GET /include/fcs_style.css HTTP/1.1             | 
|       13 | 129.173.159.98  | 2003-07-09 00:03:46 | GET /include/main_page.css HTTP/1.1             | 
|       14 | 129.173.159.98  | 2003-07-09 00:03:48 | GET /images/bigportaltopbanner.gif HTTP/1.1     | 
|       15 | 129.173.159.98  | 2003-07-09 00:03:48 | GET /images/left_1g.jpg HTTP/1.1                | 
|       16 | 129.173.159.98  | 2003-07-09 00:03:48 | GET /images/webcam.gif HTTP/1.1                 | 
+----------+-----------------+---------------------+-------------------------------------------------+

---

当我执行此语句时，它如何选择包含哪个 recordID，因为存在一系列正确的 recordID？它只选择第一个匹配的吗？

mysql> select recordID, IPAddress, date, httpMethod from Log_Analysis_Records_dalhousieShort GROUP BY IPADDRESS;
+----------+-----------------+---------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| recordID | IPAddress       | date                | httpMethod                                      |
+----------+-----------------+---------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
|       11 | 129.173.159.98  | 2003-07-09 00:03:46 | GET / HTTP/1.1                                  | 
|        3 | 129.173.177.214 | 2003-07-09 00:01:23 | GET / HTTP/1.1                                  | 
|        8 | 64.68.88.165    | 2003-07-09 00:02:43 | GET /studentservices/responsible.shtml HTTP/1.0 | 
|        2 | 64.68.88.166    | 2003-07-09 00:00:55 | GET /news/internet/xml.shtml HTTP/1.0           | 
|        1 | 64.68.88.22     | 2003-07-09 00:00:21 | GET /news/science/cancer.shtml HTTP/1.0         | 
|       10 | 64.68.88.34     | 2003-07-09 00:02:46 | GET /news/science/space.shtml HTTP/1.0          | 
+----------+-----------------+---------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

---

对于此表，max(date) 和 min(date) 值对我来说似乎合乎逻辑，但我对 recordID 的方式感到困惑和选择的 httpMethod。

在一个命令中使用两个聚合函数安全吗？

mysql> select recordID, IPAddress, min(date), max(date), httpMethod from Log_Analysis_Records_dalhousieShort GROUP BY IPADDRESS;
+----------+-----------------+---------------------+---------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| recordID | IPAddress       | min(date)           | max(date)           | httpMethod                                      |
+----------+-----------------+---------------------+---------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
|       11 | 129.173.159.98  | 2003-07-09 00:03:46 | 2003-07-09 00:03:48 | GET / HTTP/1.1                                  | 
|        3 | 129.173.177.214 | 2003-07-09 00:01:23 | 2003-07-09 00:01:23 | GET / HTTP/1.1                                  | 
|        8 | 64.68.88.165    | 2003-07-09 00:02:43 | 2003-07-09 00:02:44 | GET /studentservices/responsible.shtml HTTP/1.0 | 
|        2 | 64.68.88.166    | 2003-07-09 00:00:55 | 2003-07-09 00:00:55 | GET /news/internet/xml.shtml HTTP/1.0           | 
|        1 | 64.68.88.22     | 2003-07-09 00:00:21 | 2003-07-09 00:00:21 | GET /news/science/cancer.shtml HTTP/1.0         | 
|       10 | 64.68.88.34     | 2003-07-09 00:02:46 | 2003-07-09 00:02:46 | GET /news/science/space.shtml HTTP/1.0          | 
+----------+-----------------+---------------------+---------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Answer 1

通常在没有聚合函数的情况下在选择表达式中列出字段时使用 GROUP BY 是无效的 SQL，应该抛出错误。

然而，MySQL 允许这样做并简单地随机选择一个值。尽量避免它，因为它令人困惑。

要禁止这样做，您可以在运行时说:

SET sql_mode := CONCAT('ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,',@@sql_mode);

或使用配置值和/或命令行选项sql-mode。

是的，列出两个聚合函数是完全有效的。