c# - 将 XML 加载到 XDocument 中的最快方法是什么？

Question

当您使用 XDocument.Load 创建新的 XDocument 时，它是打开 XML 文件并保留本地副本，还是连续从硬盘读取文档驾驶？如果它连续读取，是否有更快的解析 XML 的方法？

XDocument x = XDocument.Load("file.xml");

Answer 1

有几个测量值需要考虑:

1. 线性遍历速度(例如读取/加载)
2. 按需查询速度

要回答直接的问题: XDocument 使用 XmlReader 通过读取每个元素并创建相应的 将文档加载到内存中XElement 实例(参见下面的代码)。因此，它应该非常快(对于大多数用途来说足够快)，但在解析大型文档时可能会消耗大量内存。

如果您的需求仅限于无需将文档保留在内存中即可完成的操作，则原始 XmlReader 是遍历的绝佳选择。它将优于其他方法，因为没有创建重要的结构，也没有解决与其他节点的关系(例如链接父节点和子节点)。而按需查询能力几乎没有；您可以对每个节点中找到的值使用react，但不能查询整个文档。如果您需要第二次查看文档，则必须再次遍历整个内容。

相比之下，XDocument 将需要更长的遍历时间，因为它会实例化新对象并执行基本的结构任务。它还将消耗与源大小成比例的内存。作为这些权衡的交换，您将获得出色的查询能力。

有可能结合这些方法，如mentioned by Jon Skeet并显示在这里:Streaming Into LINQ to XML Using C# Custom Iterators and XmlReader .

XDocument Load() 的来源

public static XDocument Load(Stream stream, LoadOptions options)
{
    XmlReaderSettings xmlReaderSettings = XNode.GetXmlReaderSettings(options);
    XDocument result;
    using (XmlReader xmlReader = XmlReader.Create(stream, xmlReaderSettings))
    {
        result = XDocument.Load(xmlReader, options);
    }
    return result;
}

// which calls...

public static XDocument Load(XmlReader reader, LoadOptions options)
{
    if (reader == null)
    {
        throw new ArgumentNullException("reader");
    }
    if (reader.ReadState == ReadState.Initial)
    {
        reader.Read();
    }
    XDocument xDocument = new XDocument();
    if ((options & LoadOptions.SetBaseUri) != LoadOptions.None)
    {
        string baseURI = reader.BaseURI;
        if (baseURI != null && baseURI.Length != 0)
        {
            xDocument.SetBaseUri(baseURI);
        }
    }
    if ((options & LoadOptions.SetLineInfo) != LoadOptions.None)
    {
        IXmlLineInfo xmlLineInfo = reader as IXmlLineInfo;
        if (xmlLineInfo != null && xmlLineInfo.HasLineInfo())
        {
            xDocument.SetLineInfo(xmlLineInfo.LineNumber, xmlLineInfo.LinePosition);
        }
    }
    if (reader.NodeType == XmlNodeType.XmlDeclaration)
    {
        xDocument.Declaration = new XDeclaration(reader);
    }
    xDocument.ReadContentFrom(reader, options);
    if (!reader.EOF)
    {
        throw new InvalidOperationException(Res.GetString("InvalidOperation_ExpectedEndOfFile"));
    }
    if (xDocument.Root == null)
    {
        throw new InvalidOperationException(Res.GetString("InvalidOperation_MissingRoot"));
    }
    return xDocument;
}

// which calls...

internal void ReadContentFrom(XmlReader r, LoadOptions o)
{
    if ((o & (LoadOptions.SetBaseUri | LoadOptions.SetLineInfo)) == LoadOptions.None)
    {
        this.ReadContentFrom(r);
        return;
    }
    if (r.ReadState != ReadState.Interactive)
    {
        throw new InvalidOperationException(Res.GetString("InvalidOperation_ExpectedInteractive"));
    }
    XContainer xContainer = this;
    XNode xNode = null;
    NamespaceCache namespaceCache = default(NamespaceCache);
    NamespaceCache namespaceCache2 = default(NamespaceCache);
    string text = ((o & LoadOptions.SetBaseUri) != LoadOptions.None) ? r.BaseURI : null;
    IXmlLineInfo xmlLineInfo = ((o & LoadOptions.SetLineInfo) != LoadOptions.None) ? (r as IXmlLineInfo) : null;
    while (true)
    {
        string baseURI = r.BaseURI;
        switch (r.NodeType)
        {
        case XmlNodeType.Element:
        {
            XElement xElement = new XElement(namespaceCache.Get(r.NamespaceURI).GetName(r.LocalName));
            if (text != null && text != baseURI)
            {
                xElement.SetBaseUri(baseURI);
            }
            if (xmlLineInfo != null && xmlLineInfo.HasLineInfo())
            {
                xElement.SetLineInfo(xmlLineInfo.LineNumber, xmlLineInfo.LinePosition);
            }
            if (r.MoveToFirstAttribute())
            {
                do
                {
                    XAttribute xAttribute = new XAttribute(namespaceCache2.Get((r.Prefix.Length == 0) ? string.Empty : r.NamespaceURI).GetName(r.LocalName), r.Value);
                    if (xmlLineInfo != null && xmlLineInfo.HasLineInfo())
                    {
                        xAttribute.SetLineInfo(xmlLineInfo.LineNumber, xmlLineInfo.LinePosition);
                    }
                    xElement.AppendAttributeSkipNotify(xAttribute);
                }
                while (r.MoveToNextAttribute());
                r.MoveToElement();
            }
            xContainer.AddNodeSkipNotify(xElement);
            if (r.IsEmptyElement)
            {
                goto IL_30A;
            }
            xContainer = xElement;
            if (text != null)
            {
                text = baseURI;
                goto IL_30A;
            }
            goto IL_30A;
        }
        case XmlNodeType.Text:
        case XmlNodeType.Whitespace:
        case XmlNodeType.SignificantWhitespace:
            if ((text != null && text != baseURI) || (xmlLineInfo != null && xmlLineInfo.HasLineInfo()))
            {
                xNode = new XText(r.Value);
                goto IL_30A;
            }
            xContainer.AddStringSkipNotify(r.Value);
            goto IL_30A;
        case XmlNodeType.CDATA:
            xNode = new XCData(r.Value);
            goto IL_30A;
        case XmlNodeType.EntityReference:
            if (!r.CanResolveEntity)
            {
                goto Block_25;
            }
            r.ResolveEntity();
            goto IL_30A;
        case XmlNodeType.ProcessingInstruction:
            xNode = new XProcessingInstruction(r.Name, r.Value);
            goto IL_30A;
        case XmlNodeType.Comment:
            xNode = new XComment(r.Value);
            goto IL_30A;
        case XmlNodeType.DocumentType:
            xNode = new XDocumentType(r.LocalName, r.GetAttribute("PUBLIC"), r.GetAttribute("SYSTEM"), r.Value, r.DtdInfo);
            goto IL_30A;
        case XmlNodeType.EndElement:
        {
            if (xContainer.content == null)
            {
                xContainer.content = string.Empty;
            }
            XElement xElement2 = xContainer as XElement;
            if (xElement2 != null && xmlLineInfo != null && xmlLineInfo.HasLineInfo())
            {
                xElement2.SetEndElementLineInfo(xmlLineInfo.LineNumber, xmlLineInfo.LinePosition);
            }
            if (xContainer == this)
            {
                return;
            }
            if (text != null && xContainer.HasBaseUri)
            {
                text = xContainer.parent.BaseUri;
            }
            xContainer = xContainer.parent;
            goto IL_30A;
        }
        case XmlNodeType.EndEntity:
            goto IL_30A;
        }
        break;
        IL_30A:
        if (xNode != null)
        {
            if (text != null && text != baseURI)
            {
                xNode.SetBaseUri(baseURI);
            }
            if (xmlLineInfo != null && xmlLineInfo.HasLineInfo())
            {
                xNode.SetLineInfo(xmlLineInfo.LineNumber, xmlLineInfo.LinePosition);
            }
            xContainer.AddNodeSkipNotify(xNode);
            xNode = null;
        }
        if (!r.Read())
        {
            return;
        }
    }
    goto IL_2E1;
    Block_25:
    throw new InvalidOperationException(Res.GetString("InvalidOperation_UnresolvedEntityReference"));
    IL_2E1:
    throw new InvalidOperationException(Res.GetString("InvalidOperation_UnexpectedNodeType", new object[]
    {
        r.NodeType
    }));
}