php - 如何在 ZF2 中创建表单输入/元素

Question

编辑:我的主要问题现在变成了“如何以某种干净的方式将带有原则实体管理器的 ServiceManager 交到我的表单、元素和输入类的手中？”继续阅读以查看完整的帖子。

我将在这里尝试通过示例提问，请耐心等待。让我知道哪里做错了/哪里做对了，或者我可以改进的地方

我正在尝试创建注册表单。我可以使用 ZfcUser 模块，但我想自己做。我也将 ZF2 与 Doctrine2 一起使用，所以这让我有点偏离那个模块。

我的策略是这样的，

1. 创建一个名为注册表单的表单类

2. 为每个元素创建单独的“元素”类，其中每个元素都有一个输入规范

3. 由于每个元素都是一个独立于表单的类，我可以分别对每个元素进行单元测试。

一切似乎都很好，直到我想向我的用户名元素添加一个验证器来检查用户名是否尚未使用。

这是到目前为止的代码

namepsace My\Form;

use Zend\Form\Form,
    Zend\Form\Element,
    Zend\InputFilter\Input,
    Zend\InputFilter\InputFilter,

/**
 * Class name : Registration
 */
class Registration
    extends Form
{

    const USERNAME     = 'username';
    const EMAIL        = 'email';
    const PASSWORD     = 'password';
    const PASS_CONFIRM = 'passwordConfirm';
    const GENDER       = 'gender';
    const CAPTCHA      = 'captcha';
    const CSRF         = 'csrf';
    const SUBMIT       = 'submit';

    private $captcha = 'dumb';

    public function prepareForm()
    {
        $this->setName( 'registration' );

        $this->setAttributes( array(
            'method' => 'post'
        ) );

        $this->add( array(
            'name'       => self::USERNAME,
            'type'       => '\My\Form\Element\UsernameElement',
            'attributes' => array(
                'label'     => 'Username',
                'autofocus' => 'autofocus'
            )
            )
        );

        $this->add( array(
            'name'       => self::SUBMIT,
            'type'       => '\Zend\Form\Element\Submit',
            'attributes' => array(
                'value' => 'Submit'
            )
        ) );

    }

}

我删除了很多我认为没有必要的东西。下面是我的用户名元素。

namespace My\Form\Registration;

use My\Validator\UsernameNotInUse;
use Zend\Form\Element\Text,
    Zend\InputFilter\InputProviderInterface,
    Zend\Validator\StringLength,
    Zend\Validator\NotEmpty,
    Zend\I18n\Validator\Alnum;

/**
 *
 */
class UsernameElement
    extends Text
    implements InputProviderInterface
{

    private $minLength = 3;
    private $maxLength = 128;

    public function getInputSpecification()
    {
        return array(
            'name'     => $this->getName(),
            'required' => true,
            'filters'  => array(
                array( 'name'       => 'StringTrim' )
            ),
            'validators' =>
            array(
                new NotEmpty(
                    array( 'mesages' =>
                        array(
                            NotEmpty::IS_EMPTY => 'The username you provided is blank.'
                        )
                    )
                ),
                new AlNum( array(
                    'messages' => array( Alnum::STRING_EMPTY => 'The username can only contain letters and numbers.' )
                    )
                ),
                new StringLength(
                    array(
                        'min'      => $this->getMinLength(),
                        'max'      => $this->getMaxLength(),
                        'messages' =>
                        array(
                            StringLength::TOO_LONG  => 'The username is too long. It cannot be longer than ' . $this->getMaxLength() . ' characters.',
                            StringLength::TOO_SHORT => 'The username is too short. It cannot be shorter than ' . $this->getMinLength() . ' characters.',
                            StringLength::INVALID   => 'The username is not valid.. It has to be between ' . $this->getMinLength() . ' and ' . $this->getMaxLength() . ' characters long.',
                        )
                    )
                ),
                array(
                    'name'    => '\My\Validator\UsernameNotInUse',
                    'options' => array(
                        'messages' => array(
                            UsernameNotInUse::ERROR_USERNAME_IN_USE => 'The usarname %value% is already being used by another user.'
                        )
                    )
                )
            )
        );
    }    
}

现在这是我的验证器

namespace My\Validator;

use My\Entity\Helper\User as UserHelper,
    My\EntityRepository\User as UserRepository;
use Zend\Validator\AbstractValidator,
    Zend\ServiceManager\ServiceManagerAwareInterface,
    Zend\ServiceManager\ServiceLocatorAwareInterface,
    Zend\ServiceManager\ServiceManager;

/**
 *
 */
class UsernameNotInUse
    extends AbstractValidator
    implements ServiceManagerAwareInterface
{

    const ERROR_USERNAME_IN_USE = 'usernameUsed';

    private $serviceManager;

    /**
     *
     * @var UserHelper
     */
    private $userHelper;
    protected $messageTemplates = array(
        UsernameNotInUse::ERROR_USERNAME_IN_USE => 'The username you specified is being used already.'
    );

    public function isValid( $value )
    {
        $inUse = $this->getUserHelper()->isUsernameInUse( $value );
        if( $inUse )
        {
            $this->error( UsernameNotInUse::ERROR_USERNAME_IN_USE, $value );
        }

        return !$inUse;
    }

    public function setUserHelper( UserHelper $mapper )
    {
        $this->userHelper = $mapper;
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * @return My\EntityRepository\User
     */
    public function getUserHelper()
    {
        if( $this->userHelper == null )
        {
            $this->setUserHelper( $this->getServiceManager()->get( 'doctrine.entitymanager.orm_default' )->getObjectRepository( 'My\Entity\User') );
        }
        return $this->userHelper;
    }

    public function setServiceManager( ServiceManager $serviceManager )
    {
        echo get_class( $serviceManager );
        echo var_dump( $serviceManager );
        $this->serviceManager = $serviceManager;
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     *
     * @return ServiceManager
     */
    public function getServiceManager( )
    {
        return $this->serviceManager;
    }

}

为什么我觉得这是个好主意？

1. 这似乎是一个很好的可测试性/重用选择，因为如果需要，我可以在我的应用程序中单独重用这些元素。

2. 我可以对每个元素生成的每个输入进行单元测试，以确保它正确地接受/拒绝输入。

这是我对元素进行单元测试的例子

public function testFactoryCreation()
{
    $fac = new Factory();

    $element = $fac->createElement( array(
        'type' => '\My\Form\Registration\UsernameElement'
        ) );
    /* @var $element \My\Form\Registration\UsernameElement  */

    $this->assertInstanceOf( '\My\Form\Registration\UsernameElement',
                             $element );

    $input      = $fac->getInputFilterFactory()->createInput( $element->getInputSpecification() );
    $validators = $input->getValidatorChain()->getValidators();
    /* @var $validators \Zend\Validator\ValidatorChain */

    $expectedValidators = array(
        'Zend\Validator\StringLength',
        'Zend\Validator\NotEmpty',
        'Zend\I18n\Validator\Alnum',
        'My\Validator\UsernameNotInUse'
    );

    foreach( $validators as $validator )
    {
        $actualClass = get_class( $validator['instance'] );
        $this->assertContains( $actualClass, $expectedValidators );

        switch( $actualClass )
        {
            case 'My\Validator\UsernameNotInUse':
                $helper = $validator['instance']->getUserHelper();
                //HAVING A PROBLEM HERE
                $this->assertNotNull( $helper );
                break;

            default:

                break;
        }
    }

}

我遇到的问题是验证器无法正确获取 UserHelper，这实际上是来自 doctrine 的 UserRepository。发生这种情况的原因是因为验证器只能作为 ServiceManager 访问 ValidatorPluginManager，而不是访问应用程序范围的 ServiceManager。

我在 Validator 部分收到此错误，但如果我在通用服务管理器上调用相同的 get 方法，它可以正常工作。

1) Test\My\Form\Registration\UsernameElementTest::testFactoryCreation
Zend\ServiceManager\Exception\ServiceNotFoundException: Zend\ServiceManager\ServiceManager::get was unable to fetch or create an instance for doctrine.entitymanager.orm_default

验证器中的 var_dump( $serviceManager ) 显示它属于 ValidatorPluginManager 类。

我试过像这样在 service_manager 条目中放置一个工厂

'service_manager' => array(
                'factories' => array(
                    'My\Validator\UsernameNotInUse' => function( $sm )
                    {
                        $validator = new \My\Validator\UsernameNotInUse();
                        $em        = $serviceManager->get( 'doctrine.entitymanager.orm_default' );
                        /* @var $em \Doctrine\ORM\EntityManager */
                        $validator->setUserHelper( $em->getRepository( '\My\Entity\User' ) );

                        return $validator;
                    }
                )

但这没有用，因为它没有咨询应用程序级服务经理。

总的来说，这是我的问题:

1. 这种分离形式和元素的策略是好的吗？我应该继续这样吗？什么是替代品？ (我赞成为了可测试性而分解内容)最初我打算仅使用所有输入的组合来测试表单本身，但似乎我尝试做的太多了。

2. 如何解决我遇到的上述问题？

3. 我是否应该以我没有看到的其他方式使用 Zend 的表单/元素/输入部分？

Answer 1

这是我的验证器，使用静态方法注入(inject) entityManager 并使用任何 doctine 实体。

<?php

namespace Base\Validator;

use Traversable;
use Zend\Stdlib\ArrayUtils;
use Zend\Validator\AbstractValidator;
use Doctrine\ORM\EntityManager;

class EntityUnique extends AbstractValidator
{
    const EXISTS = 'exists';

    protected $messageTemplates = array(
        self::EXISTS => "A %entity% record already exists with %attribute% %value%",
    );

    protected $messageVariables = array(
        'entity' => '_entity',
        'attribute' => '_attribute',
    );


    protected $_entity;
    protected $_attribute;
    protected $_exclude;

    protected static $_entityManager;

    public static function setEntityManager(EntityManager $em) {

        self::$_entityManager = $em;
    }

    public function getEntityManager() {

        if (!self::$_entityManager) {

            throw new \Exception('No entitymanager present');
        }

        return self::$_entityManager;
    }

    public function __construct($options = null)
    {
        if ($options instanceof Traversable) {
            $options = ArrayUtils::iteratorToArray($token);
        }

        if (is_array($options)) {

            if (array_key_exists('entity', $options)) {

                $this->_entity = $options['entity'];
            }

            if (array_key_exists('attribute', $options)) {

                $this->_attribute = $options['attribute'];
            }

            if (array_key_exists('exclude', $options)) {

                if (!is_array($options['exclude']) ||
                    !array_key_exists('attribute', $options['exclude']) ||
                    !array_key_exists('value', $options['exclude'])) {

                    throw new \Exception('exclude option must contain attribute and value keys');
                }

                $this->_exclude = $options['exclude'];
            }
        }

        parent::__construct(is_array($options) ? $options : null);
    }

    public function isValid($value, $context = null)
    {
        $this->setValue($value);

        $queryBuilder = $this->getEntityManager()
            ->createQueryBuilder()
            ->from($this->_entity, 'e')
            ->select('COUNT(e)')
            ->where('e.'. $this->_attribute . ' = :value')
            ->setParameter('value', $this->getValue());

        if ($this->_exclude) {

            $queryBuilder = $queryBuilder->andWhere('e.'. $this->_exclude['attribute'] . ' != :exclude')
                ->setParameter('exclude', $this->_exclude['value']);
        }

        $query = $queryBuilder->getQuery();        
        if ((integer)$query->getSingleScalarResult() !== 0) {

            $this->error(self::EXISTS);
            return false;
        }

        return true;
    }
}

即。我将它用于这些表单元素，这些元素也经过测试并且工作正常:

<?php

namespace User\Form\Element;

use Zend\Form\Element\Text;
use Zend\InputFilter\InputProviderInterface;

class Username extends Text implements InputProviderInterface
{
    public function __construct() {

        parent::__construct('username');
        $this->setLabel('Benutzername');
        $this->setAttribute('id', 'username');
    }

    public function getInputSpecification() {

        return array(
            'name' => $this->getName(),
            'required' => true,
            'filters'  => array(
                array(
                    'name' => 'StringTrim'
                ),
            ),
            'validators' => array(
                array(
                    'name' => 'NotEmpty',
                    'break_chain_on_failure' => true,
                    'options' => array(
                        'messages' => array(
                            'isEmpty' => 'Bitte geben Sie einen Benutzernamen ein.',
                        ),
                    ),
                ),
            ),
        );
    }
}

创建新用户时

<?php

namespace User\Form\Element;

use Zend\InputFilter\InputProviderInterface;
use User\Form\Element\Username;

class CreateUsername extends Username implements InputProviderInterface
{
    public function getInputSpecification() {

        $spec = parent::getInputSpecification();
        $spec['validators'][] = array(
            'name' => 'Base\Validator\EntityUnique',
            'options' => array(
                'message' => 'Der name %value% ist bereits vergeben.',
                'entity' => 'User\Entity\User',
                'attribute' => 'username',  
            ),    
        );

        return $spec;
    }
}

编辑现有用户时

<?php

namespace User\Form\Element;

use Zend\InputFilter\InputProviderInterface;
use User\Form\Element\Username;

class EditUsername extends Username implements InputProviderInterface
{
    protected $_userId;

    public function __construct($userId) {

        parent::__construct();
        $this->_userId = (integer)$userId;
    }

    public function getInputSpecification() {

        $spec = parent::getInputSpecification();
        $spec['validators'][] = array(
            'name' => 'Base\Validator\EntityUnique',
            'options' => array(
                'message' => 'Der name %value% ist bereits vergeben.',
                'entity' => 'User\Entity\User',
                'attribute' => 'username',
                'exclude' => array(
                    'attribute' => 'id',
                    'value' => $this->_userId,  
                ),
            ),    
        );

        return $spec;
    }
}