android - glDrawElements 在设备上崩溃，在模拟器上运行良好

Question

我一直在使用 OpenGL-ES 而不是 Android。一切顺利，我正在制作 2D 游戏，我可以在屏幕上显示 Sprite ，移动它们等等。但所有这些都只能在模拟器上运行。在我的摩托罗拉 Droid 1 上，它只是关闭(即使没有强制关闭警告)。

调试器没有抛出任何东西，也没有发送调试文本，所以我在某些行停下来，逐步进入并逐步结束，直到到达应用程序突然关闭的地方。

结果是，它在这一行结束:

gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, indices);

为了提供帮助，这是我的完整绘图功能:

    /**
 * Draw the sprite on the screen
 * @param gl OpenGLES Context
 */
public void draw(GL10 gl, Vector3 position){
    if(textured)
        gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureName);

    gl.glPushMatrix();
        gl.glLoadIdentity();
        gl.glTranslatef(position.X, position.Y, position.Z);
        gl.glScalef(scale.X, scale.Y, 1);
        gl.glRotatef(rotation.X, 1.0f, 0.f, 0.0f);
        gl.glRotatef(rotation.Y, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
        gl.glRotatef(rotation.Z, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);

        gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, vertices);

        if(textured)
            gl.glTexCoordPointer(2, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, uvs);

        //gl.glColorPointer(4, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, colors);

        gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, indices);
    gl.glPopMatrix();
}

我不知道是什么原因造成的，因为它运行良好，在模拟器上显示我的 Sprite 等，但在设备上关闭。

这是 logcat 日志:

12-20 01:28:29.615: D/AndroidRuntime(3103): >>>>>> AndroidRuntime START com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit <<<<<<
12-20 01:28:29.615: I/AndroidRuntime(3103): Heap size: -Xmx24m
12-20 01:28:29.615: D/AndroidRuntime(3103): CheckJNI is OFF
12-20 01:28:29.615: D/dalvikvm(3103): creating instr width table
12-20 01:28:29.787: D/AndroidRuntime(3103): Calling main entry com.android.commands.pm.Pm
12-20 01:28:29.795: D/AndroidRuntime(3103): Shutting down VM
12-20 01:28:29.803: D/dalvikvm(3103): GC_CONCURRENT freed 101K, 71% free 306K/1024K, external 0K/0K, paused 1ms+0ms
12-20 01:28:29.803: I/AndroidRuntime(3103): NOTE: attach of thread 'Binder Thread #3' failed
12-20 01:28:29.803: D/jdwp(3103): Got wake-up signal, bailing out of select
12-20 01:28:29.803: D/dalvikvm(3103): Debugger has detached; object registry had 1 entries
12-20 01:28:30.194: D/AndroidRuntime(3113): >>>>>> AndroidRuntime START com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit <<<<<<
12-20 01:28:30.194: I/AndroidRuntime(3113): Heap size: -Xmx24m
12-20 01:28:30.194: D/AndroidRuntime(3113): CheckJNI is OFF
12-20 01:28:30.194: D/dalvikvm(3113): creating instr width table
12-20 01:28:30.365: D/AndroidRuntime(3113): Calling main entry com.android.commands.am.Am
12-20 01:28:30.381: I/ActivityManager(2047): Starting: Intent { act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] flg=0x10000000 cmp=com.cygnus.shootaray/.ShotaRayActivity } from pid 3113
12-20 01:28:30.405: D/AndroidRuntime(3113): Shutting down VM
12-20 01:28:30.405: D/dalvikvm(3113): GC_CONCURRENT freed 103K, 69% free 324K/1024K, external 0K/0K, paused 0ms+0ms
12-20 01:28:30.405: E/dalvikvm(3121): could not disable core file generation for pid 3121: Operation not permitted
12-20 01:28:30.405: I/ActivityManager(2047): Start proc com.cygnus.shootaray for activity com.cygnus.shootaray/.ShotaRayActivity: pid=3121 uid=10066 gids={}
12-20 01:28:30.412: I/AndroidRuntime(3113): NOTE: attach of thread 'Binder Thread #3' failed
12-20 01:28:30.412: D/jdwp(3113): Got wake-up signal, bailing out of select
12-20 01:28:30.412: D/dalvikvm(3113): Debugger has detached; object registry had 1 entries
12-20 01:28:30.498: D/szipinf(3121): Initializing inflate state
12-20 01:28:30.631: D/libEGL(3121): loaded /system/lib/egl/libEGL_POWERVR_SGX530_121.so
12-20 01:28:30.631: D/libEGL(3121): loaded /system/lib/egl/libGLESv1_CM_POWERVR_SGX530_121.so
12-20 01:28:30.647: D/libEGL(3121): loaded /system/lib/egl/libGLESv2_POWERVR_SGX530_121.so
12-20 01:28:30.811: I/ActivityManager(2047): Displayed com.cygnus.shootaray/.ShotaRayActivity: +413ms
12-20 01:28:30.842: D/dalvikvm(3121): GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed 58K, 50% free 2702K/5379K, external 0K/0K, paused 54ms
12-20 01:28:30.952: I/DEBUG(1456): *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***
12-20 01:28:30.959: I/DEBUG(1456): Build fingerprint: 'MOTO_RTEU/umts_sholes/umts_sholes/sholes:2.2.1/SHOLS_U2_05.26.3/296482885:user/release-keys'
12-20 01:28:30.959: I/DEBUG(1456): pid: 3121, tid: 3130  >>> com.cygnus.shootaray <<<
12-20 01:28:30.959: I/DEBUG(1456): signal 11 (SIGSEGV), code 1 (SEGV_MAPERR), fault addr 00000000
12-20 01:28:30.959: I/DEBUG(1456):  r0 44d2e0c0  r1 00000000  r2 00000000  r3 00000000
12-20 01:28:30.959: I/DEBUG(1456):  r4 00154e20  r5 00155c80  r6 00000001  r7 00000004
12-20 01:28:30.959: I/DEBUG(1456):  r8 00000024  r9 00000000  10 00000004  fp 00000000
12-20 01:28:30.959: I/DEBUG(1456):  ip 8096a63c  sp 442eba90  lr 80906a44  pc afd0d078  cpsr 60000010
12-20 01:28:30.959: I/DEBUG(1456):  d0  6472656767756265  d1  0000000043000000
12-20 01:28:30.959: I/DEBUG(1456):  d2  0000000000000000  d3  4300000000000000
12-20 01:28:30.959: I/DEBUG(1456):  d4  0000000000000000  d5  0000000000000000
12-20 01:28:30.959: I/DEBUG(1456):  d6  0000000000166b40  d7  0000000000000000
12-20 01:28:30.959: I/DEBUG(1456):  d8  0000000000204762  d9  0000000000000000
12-20 01:28:30.959: I/DEBUG(1456):  d10 0000000000000000  d11 0000000000000000
12-20 01:28:30.959: I/DEBUG(1456):  d12 0000000000000000  d13 0000000000000000
12-20 01:28:30.959: I/DEBUG(1456):  d14 0000000000000000  d15 0000000000000000
12-20 01:28:30.967: I/DEBUG(1456):  d16 41df86f6ff34fdf4  d17 3f50624dd2f1a9fc
12-20 01:28:30.967: I/DEBUG(1456):  d18 41c6803ace000000  d19 00000000000000ff
12-20 01:28:30.967: I/DEBUG(1456):  d20 000000000000ff00  d21 0000010000000000
12-20 01:28:30.967: I/DEBUG(1456):  d22 000000000000d516  d23 00000001000002fd
12-20 01:28:30.967: I/DEBUG(1456):  d24 0000000000002645  d25 0000000000000000
12-20 01:28:30.967: I/DEBUG(1456):  d26 0000000000002645  d27 0000000000000000
12-20 01:28:30.967: I/DEBUG(1456):  d28 0000000000002645  d29 0000000000000000
12-20 01:28:30.967: I/DEBUG(1456):  d30 0000000000000000  d31 0000000000000000
12-20 01:28:30.967: I/DEBUG(1456):  scr 20000010
12-20 01:28:31.100: I/DEBUG(1456):          #00  pc 0000d078  /system/lib/libc.so
12-20 01:28:31.100: I/DEBUG(1456):          #01  lr 80906a44  /system/lib/egl/libGLESv1_CM_POWERVR_SGX530_121.so
12-20 01:28:31.100: I/DEBUG(1456): code around pc:
12-20 01:28:31.100: I/DEBUG(1456): afd0d058 f400071d f5d1f000 f5d1f040 e2522040 
12-20 01:28:31.100: I/DEBUG(1456): afd0d068 3a000009 f5d1f080 f5d1f0c0 f5d1f100 
12-20 01:28:31.100: I/DEBUG(1456): afd0d078 f421020d f421420d f5d1f100 e2522040 
12-20 01:28:31.100: I/DEBUG(1456): afd0d088 f400022d f400422d 2afffff8 e2822040 
12-20 01:28:31.100: I/DEBUG(1456): afd0d098 e2522020 3a000003 f421020d e2522020 
12-20 01:28:31.100: I/DEBUG(1456): code around lr:
12-20 01:28:31.100: I/DEBUG(1456): 80906a24 e3530000 1a000005 e1a03007 e59c0028 
12-20 01:28:31.100: I/DEBUG(1456): 80906a34 e59c102c e59c2024 e1a0e00f e59cf034 
12-20 01:28:31.100: I/DEBUG(1456): 80906a44 e2866001 e2855004 e5942eb0 e3a03001 
12-20 01:28:31.100: I/DEBUG(1456): 80906a54 e1560002 3affffec e2840d77 e1a01008 
12-20 01:28:31.100: I/DEBUG(1456): 80906a64 e2800004 e1a02003 e8bd41f0 ea00cdd5 
12-20 01:28:31.100: I/DEBUG(1456): stack:
12-20 01:28:31.100: I/DEBUG(1456):     442eba50  00000000  
12-20 01:28:31.100: I/DEBUG(1456):     442eba54  00000000  
12-20 01:28:31.100: I/DEBUG(1456):     442eba58  00000000  
12-20 01:28:31.100: I/DEBUG(1456):     442eba5c  00000000  
12-20 01:28:31.100: I/DEBUG(1456):     442eba60  00000000  
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442eba64  00000000  
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442eba68  00000001  
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442eba6c  00000000  
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442eba70  00000000  
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442eba74  00154e20  
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442eba78  00155c7c  
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442eba7c  00000000  
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442eba80  00000004  
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442eba84  00000024  
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442eba88  df002777  
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442eba8c  e3a070ad  
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456): #00 442eba90  44d2e0c0  
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442eba94  80906a44  /system/lib/egl/libGLESv1_CM_POWERVR_SGX530_121.so
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442eba98  00154e20  
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442eba9c  00000004  
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442ebaa0  000a49c8  
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442ebaa4  00000006  
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442ebaa8  8096a5e4  
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442ebaac  8090813c  /system/lib/egl/libGLESv1_CM_POWERVR_SGX530_121.so
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442ebab0  000a3248  
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442ebab4  00163500  
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442ebab8  00000000  
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442ebabc  00000006  
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442ebac0  44f5c420  
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442ebac4  00154e20  
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442ebac8  00000004  
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442ebacc  8096a5e4  
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442ebad0  00000006  
12-20 01:28:31.108: I/DEBUG(1456):     442ebad4  00000004  
12-20 01:28:32.162: I/BootReceiver(2047): Copying /data/tombstones/tombstone_08 to DropBox (SYSTEM_TOMBSTONE)
12-20 01:28:32.178: E/InputDispatcher(2047): channel '407c49d0 com.cygnus.shootaray/com.cygnus.shootaray.ShotaRayActivity (server)' ~ Consumer closed input channel or an error occurred.  events=0x8
12-20 01:28:32.178: E/InputDispatcher(2047): channel '407c49d0 com.cygnus.shootaray/com.cygnus.shootaray.ShotaRayActivity (server)' ~ Channel is unrecoverably broken and will be disposed!
12-20 01:28:32.186: D/Zygote(1469): Process 3121 terminated by signal (11)
12-20 01:28:32.225: D/dalvikvm(2047): GC_FOR_MALLOC freed 390K, 43% free 5438K/9415K, external 1601K/4601K, paused 59ms
12-20 01:28:32.225: I/WindowManager(2047): WIN DEATH: Window{407c49d0 com.cygnus.shootaray/com.cygnus.shootaray.ShotaRayActivity paused=false}
12-20 01:28:32.225: I/ActivityManager(2047): Process com.cygnus.shootaray (pid 3121) has died.
12-20 01:28:32.241: I/WindowManager(2047): WIN DEATH: Window{407dd460 SurfaceView paused=false}
12-20 01:28:32.303: D/dalvikvm(2047): GC_FOR_MALLOC freed 317K, 42% free 5505K/9415K, external 1601K/4601K, paused 43ms
12-20 01:28:32.342: W/InputManagerService(2047): Got RemoteException sending setActive(false) notification to pid 3121 uid 10066

有什么提示吗？

编辑:

正如 Spoon Thumb 所提到的，这是我的启用/禁用调用:

gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);

for (Drawable i : toDraw) {
    i.draw(gl);
}

gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);

这些在 onDrawFrame 上。它调用 drawable.draw，这是我发布的第一个函数。

如果有帮助，这是我启用和禁用的 onSurfaceChanged:

public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {
gl.glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_PROJECTION);
gl.glLoadIdentity();
gl.glOrthof(0.0f, width, 0.0f, height, 0.0f, 1.0f);

gl.glShadeModel(GL10.GL_FLAT);
gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_BLEND);
gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D);
gl.glBlendFunc(GL10.GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL10.GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);

gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW);
gl.glLoadIdentity();
}

此外，我对代码进行了一些编辑，不确定是否进行了更改，但现在我没有收到 SIGSEGV 11，代码在我的设备上运行，但我什么也看不到。

Answer 1

我设法自己完成了这项工作。

我不完全知道我做了什么，但它在以下情况下停止崩溃:

• 将 glDrawElements 更改为 glDrawArray

好吧，为了做到这一点，我必须改变我构建四边形的所有方式，现在，我不再使用索引(尽管我应该使用)。

更改:

gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, indices);

到:

gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);

不要忘记指向顶点数组。

• 为每次绘制启用和禁用Clientstates，而不是每帧一次。

代替:

gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);

drawspriteone();
drawspritetwo();
drawspriteN();...

gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);

我必须在绘制函数的内部执行此操作，如下所示:

gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture.id);

gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, vertices);
gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
gl.glTexCoordPointer(2, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, uvs);
gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);

gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);

gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);

• 啊，也尝试在每个绘图中启用和禁用纹理。

---

我不知道这些更改中的哪些更改使该应用程序可以在我的手机上运行，​​但即使它现在正在运行，它仍然不会绘制任何东西。是的，我可以看到缓冲区清晰的颜色，但没有纹理。

我做了什么？

好吧，这是大量的试验和错误，一些研究让我认为 Milestones 的 GPU(它是 Moto Droid 的欧洲/南美版本)和其他一些设备的 OpenGL 驱动程序的工作方式完全不同，而且他们不支持更改颜色格式。也许这可能是真的，但事实并非如此。

我更改了调用顺序、设置状态等。但我的错误是如此、如此、如此愚蠢，以至于我今天才找到它。

让我们切入答案:

在 0.0f Z 坐标上绘制二维四边形!

为什么？我不知道。但是，我的每个 Sprite 的 Z 坐标都设置为 0.1f，我更改了它们，现在我可以看到所有 Sprite 了。奇怪吧？更奇怪的是:模拟器可以看到 z 设置为 0.1f 的纹理，但设备没有..

只是想让你知道，这是我的视口(viewport)设置:

gl.glOrthof(0.0f, width, 0.0f, height, 0.0f, 1.0f);

nearplane 为 0.0f 和 farplane 为 1.0f。它不应该接受 0.0f 和 1.0f 之间的值吗？

谢谢!这是我问题的最终答案(: