java - 强制 paintAll() 绘制不可见的 JPanel 及其组件？

Question

我正在努力将一系列 JPanel 打印到 Printable , 基本打印接口(interface)，它提供一个 Graphics 对象，您可以绘制要打印的内容。如果我有一个“实时”JPanel，它位于 UI 中的某处，一切都很好。

但是，如果我创建了一个 JPanel 并且从未将它添加到 UI，则 printAll() 似乎什么都不做。将代码缩减为 SSCCE:

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;

import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;

public class SSCCEPaintInvisible
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        /* Create an JPanel with a JLabel */
        JPanel panel = new JPanel();
        //panel.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        JLabel label = new JLabel("Hello World");
        panel.add(label);
        //label.invalidate();
        //panel.invalidate();

        /* Record a picture of the panel */
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(100, 100, BufferedImage.TYPE_4BYTE_ABGR);
        Graphics g = image.getGraphics();

        /* Draw something to ensure we're drawing */
        g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
        g.drawLine(0, 0, 100, 100);

        /* Attempt to draw the panel we created earlier */ 
        panel.paintAll(g);  // DOES NOTHING. :(

        /* Display a frame to test if the graphics was captured */
        JFrame frame = new JFrame();
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        JLabel label2 = new JLabel( new ImageIcon(image) );
        frame.add(label2);
        frame.pack();

        frame.setVisible(true);
            // shows ONLY the black line we drew in the Graphics
    }
}

如果我为面板创建 JFrame 并将面板添加到 JFrame 并在调用 paintAll() 之前使 JFrame 可见，则代码会按预期将 UI 捕获到图形。当然，这会在屏幕上闪烁一个 JFrame 以打印它。

有什么方法可以将从未添加到 UI 中的 JPanel 渲染到 Graphics 对象中？谢谢!

Answer 1

来自@Kleopatra 的回答提示。

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import javax.swing.*;

public class SSCCEPaintInvisible
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        /* Create an JPanel with a JLabel */
        JPanel panel = new JPanel();

        JLabel label = new JLabel("Hello World");
        panel.add(label);
        // Next 3 are very important!
        panel.setSize(panel.getPreferredSize());
        panel.addNotify();
        panel.doLayout();

        /* Record a picture of the panel */
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(100, 100, BufferedImage.TYPE_4BYTE_ABGR);
        Graphics g = image.getGraphics();

        /* Draw something to ensure we're drawing */
        g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
        g.drawLine(0, 0, 100, 100);

        /* Attempt to draw the panel we created earlier */
        panel.paintAll(g);  // DOES NOTHING. :(

        /* Display a frame to test if the graphics was captured */
        JFrame frame = new JFrame();
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        JLabel label2 = new JLabel( new ImageIcon(image) );
        frame.add(label2);
        frame.pack();

        frame.setVisible(true);
            // shows ONLY the black line we drew in the Graphics
    }
}

正如@GagandeepBali 所指出的，这个 GUI 不是在 EDT 上创建的。如果未在 EDT 上对 GUI 进行更改，结果将不可预测。参见 Concurrency in Swing尤其是 Initial Threads更多细节。